Soil and vegetation differences across ecological boundaries in an arid South African ecosystem
Boundaries are the most reactive nodes in landscapes and may be hypersensitive to global change in climate and land use. Investigations on how soils govern vegetation boundaries are scant, particularly in arid and semiarid ecosystems. The Tankwa Karoo National Park (TKNP) is a unique arid biodiversi...
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| Published in | African journal of ecology Vol. 57; no. 3; pp. 344 - 352 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Nairobi
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.09.2019
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0141-6707 1365-2028 |
| DOI | 10.1111/aje.12612 |
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| Abstract | Boundaries are the most reactive nodes in landscapes and may be hypersensitive to global change in climate and land use. Investigations on how soils govern vegetation boundaries are scant, particularly in arid and semiarid ecosystems. The Tankwa Karoo National Park (TKNP) is a unique arid biodiversity hotspot with an unrivalled aridity gradient from < 100 mm MAP to about 700 mm in < 10 km. We investigated the abruptness of four soil‐vegetation boundaries separating eight communities. Two 50 m transects were established across four boundaries for 24 descending point transects, in which the cover‐abundance of each plant encounter at 1 m intervals was recorded. In addition, three soil samples were collected from the top 5 cm in each of the four boundaries and twelve patches. Soil and vegetation parameters altogether indicated three boundary syndromes that were context dependent: (a) a sharp boundary, (b) a gradual boundary or (c) no boundary exists. Soil respiration recorded here, and perhaps other ecosystem processes, was mediated by the soil‐vegetation boundaries. These nodes should be the focus of ecological studies since they reveal much more than the constituent patches themselves.
Résumé
Les limites sont les zones les plus réactives dans les paysages et peuvent être hypersensibles au changement climatique mondial et à l'utilisation des terres. Les études sur la manière dont les sols déterminent les limites de la végétation sont rares, en particulier dans les écosystèmes arides et semiarides. Le parc national Tankwa Karoo (TKNP) est un point‐chaud unique de la biodiversité aride, avec un gradient d'aridité sans précédent allant de <100 mm MAP à environ 700 mm sur moins de 10 km. Nous avons étudié la brusquerie de quatre limites sol‐végétation séparant huit communautés. Deux transects de 50 m ont été établis à travers quatre limites pour 24 transects de points en descente, dans lesquels l'abondance de la couverture de chaque rencontre de plante à des intervalles de 1 m a été enregistrée. En outre, trois échantillons de sol ont été recueillis dans les 5 premiers centimètres de chacune des quatre limites et des douze parcelles. Les paramètres de sol et de végétation indiquaient au total trois syndromes de limite dépendant du contexte: (a) une limite nette, (b) une limite progressive ou (c) il n'existait pas de limite. La respiration du sol enregistrée ici, et peut‐être d'autres processus écosystémiques, était contrôlée par les limites sol‐végétation. Ces zones devraient faire l'objet d'études écologiques car elles révèlent bien plus que les patchs eux‐mêmes. |
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| AbstractList | Boundaries are the most reactive nodes in landscapes and may be hypersensitive to global change in climate and land use. Investigations on how soils govern vegetation boundaries are scant, particularly in arid and semiarid ecosystems. The Tankwa Karoo National Park (TKNP) is a unique arid biodiversity hotspot with an unrivalled aridity gradient from < 100 mm MAP to about 700 mm in < 10 km. We investigated the abruptness of four soil‐vegetation boundaries separating eight communities. Two 50 m transects were established across four boundaries for 24 descending point transects, in which the cover‐abundance of each plant encounter at 1 m intervals was recorded. In addition, three soil samples were collected from the top 5 cm in each of the four boundaries and twelve patches. Soil and vegetation parameters altogether indicated three boundary syndromes that were context dependent: (a) a sharp boundary, (b) a gradual boundary or (c) no boundary exists. Soil respiration recorded here, and perhaps other ecosystem processes, was mediated by the soil‐vegetation boundaries. These nodes should be the focus of ecological studies since they reveal much more than the constituent patches themselves. Boundaries are the most reactive nodes in landscapes and may be hypersensitive to global change in climate and land use. Investigations on how soils govern vegetation boundaries are scant, particularly in arid and semiarid ecosystems. The Tankwa Karoo National Park (TKNP) is a unique arid biodiversity hotspot with an unrivalled aridity gradient from < 100 mm MAP to about 700 mm in < 10 km. We investigated the abruptness of four soil‐vegetation boundaries separating eight communities. Two 50 m transects were established across four boundaries for 24 descending point transects, in which the cover‐abundance of each plant encounter at 1 m intervals was recorded. In addition, three soil samples were collected from the top 5 cm in each of the four boundaries and twelve patches. Soil and vegetation parameters altogether indicated three boundary syndromes that were context dependent: (a) a sharp boundary, (b) a gradual boundary or (c) no boundary exists. Soil respiration recorded here, and perhaps other ecosystem processes, was mediated by the soil‐vegetation boundaries. These nodes should be the focus of ecological studies since they reveal much more than the constituent patches themselves. Résumé Les limites sont les zones les plus réactives dans les paysages et peuvent être hypersensibles au changement climatique mondial et à l'utilisation des terres. Les études sur la manière dont les sols déterminent les limites de la végétation sont rares, en particulier dans les écosystèmes arides et semiarides. Le parc national Tankwa Karoo (TKNP) est un point‐chaud unique de la biodiversité aride, avec un gradient d'aridité sans précédent allant de <100 mm MAP à environ 700 mm sur moins de 10 km. Nous avons étudié la brusquerie de quatre limites sol‐végétation séparant huit communautés. Deux transects de 50 m ont été établis à travers quatre limites pour 24 transects de points en descente, dans lesquels l'abondance de la couverture de chaque rencontre de plante à des intervalles de 1 m a été enregistrée. En outre, trois échantillons de sol ont été recueillis dans les 5 premiers centimètres de chacune des quatre limites et des douze parcelles. Les paramètres de sol et de végétation indiquaient au total trois syndromes de limite dépendant du contexte: (a) une limite nette, (b) une limite progressive ou (c) il n'existait pas de limite. La respiration du sol enregistrée ici, et peut‐être d'autres processus écosystémiques, était contrôlée par les limites sol‐végétation. Ces zones devraient faire l'objet d'études écologiques car elles révèlent bien plus que les patchs eux‐mêmes. Boundaries are the most reactive nodes in landscapes and may be hypersensitive to global change in climate and land use. Investigations on how soils govern vegetation boundaries are scant, particularly in arid and semiarid ecosystems. The Tankwa Karoo National Park (TKNP) is a unique arid biodiversity hotspot with an unrivalled aridity gradient from < 100 mm MAP to about 700 mm in < 10 km. We investigated the abruptness of four soil‐vegetation boundaries separating eight communities. Two 50 m transects were established across four boundaries for 24 descending point transects, in which the cover‐abundance of each plant encounter at 1 m intervals was recorded. In addition, three soil samples were collected from the top 5 cm in each of the four boundaries and twelve patches. Soil and vegetation parameters altogether indicated three boundary syndromes that were context dependent: (a) a sharp boundary, (b) a gradual boundary or (c) no boundary exists. Soil respiration recorded here, and perhaps other ecosystem processes, was mediated by the soil‐vegetation boundaries. These nodes should be the focus of ecological studies since they reveal much more than the constituent patches themselves. Les limites sont les zones les plus réactives dans les paysages et peuvent être hypersensibles au changement climatique mondial et à l'utilisation des terres. Les études sur la manière dont les sols déterminent les limites de la végétation sont rares, en particulier dans les écosystèmes arides et semiarides. Le parc national Tankwa Karoo (TKNP) est un point‐chaud unique de la biodiversité aride, avec un gradient d'aridité sans précédent allant de <100 mm MAP à environ 700 mm sur moins de 10 km. Nous avons étudié la brusquerie de quatre limites sol‐végétation séparant huit communautés. Deux transects de 50 m ont été établis à travers quatre limites pour 24 transects de points en descente, dans lesquels l'abondance de la couverture de chaque rencontre de plante à des intervalles de 1 m a été enregistrée. En outre, trois échantillons de sol ont été recueillis dans les 5 premiers centimètres de chacune des quatre limites et des douze parcelles. Les paramètres de sol et de végétation indiquaient au total trois syndromes de limite dépendant du contexte: (a) une limite nette, (b) une limite progressive ou (c) il n'existait pas de limite. La respiration du sol enregistrée ici, et peut‐être d'autres processus écosystémiques, était contrôlée par les limites sol‐végétation. Ces zones devraient faire l'objet d'études écologiques car elles révèlent bien plus que les patchs eux‐mêmes. |
| Author | Chimphango, Samson B. M. Osman, Rua Khomo, Lesego Masubelele, Mmoto |
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| SubjectTerms | Aridity Biodiversity Biodiversity hot spots Boundaries climate Climate change Disorders dry environmental conditions ecological boundary Ecological monitoring Ecological studies Ecosystems global change Land use National parks Nodes Respiration soil Soil investigations soil properties soil respiration Soils Tankwa Karoo National Park Vegetation |
| Title | Soil and vegetation differences across ecological boundaries in an arid South African ecosystem |
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