The tractographer’s dilemma: understanding sources of variability in tractography

Tractography involves many steps, and as such can be heavily affected by data quality, operator decisions such as algorithm and parameter selection and/or biological variables - in addition to random effects such as noise and motion. Due to the interplay between sources of variability, even seemingl...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inBrain Structure and Function Vol. 230; no. 6; p. 99
Main Authors Dell’Acqua, Flavio, Leemans, Alexander, Zhang, Fan, Rheault, Francois, Farquharson, Shawna, De Luca, Alberto
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 16.06.2025
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1863-2661
1863-2653
1863-2661
0340-2061
DOI10.1007/s00429-025-02964-y

Cover

Abstract Tractography involves many steps, and as such can be heavily affected by data quality, operator decisions such as algorithm and parameter selection and/or biological variables - in addition to random effects such as noise and motion. Due to the interplay between sources of variability, even seemingly minor decisions or overlooked assumptions can lead to major variations in output that can potentially confound tractography results. This article summarizes the main sources of variability in tractography to remind both new and experienced users of the importance of making informed decisions at all stages of the tractography pipeline.
AbstractList Tractography involves many steps, and as such can be heavily affected by data quality, operator decisions such as algorithm and parameter selection and/or biological variables - in addition to random effects such as noise and motion. Due to the interplay between sources of variability, even seemingly minor decisions or overlooked assumptions can lead to major variations in output that can potentially confound tractography results. This article summarizes the main sources of variability in tractography to remind both new and experienced users of the importance of making informed decisions at all stages of the tractography pipeline.Tractography involves many steps, and as such can be heavily affected by data quality, operator decisions such as algorithm and parameter selection and/or biological variables - in addition to random effects such as noise and motion. Due to the interplay between sources of variability, even seemingly minor decisions or overlooked assumptions can lead to major variations in output that can potentially confound tractography results. This article summarizes the main sources of variability in tractography to remind both new and experienced users of the importance of making informed decisions at all stages of the tractography pipeline.
Tractography involves many steps, and as such can be heavily affected by data quality, operator decisions such as algorithm and parameter selection and/or biological variables - in addition to random effects such as noise and motion. Due to the interplay between sources of variability, even seemingly minor decisions or overlooked assumptions can lead to major variations in output that can potentially confound tractography results. This article summarizes the main sources of variability in tractography to remind both new and experienced users of the importance of making informed decisions at all stages of the tractography pipeline.
ArticleNumber 99
Author Dell’Acqua, Flavio
Leemans, Alexander
Rheault, Francois
Zhang, Fan
Farquharson, Shawna
De Luca, Alberto
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Flavio
  surname: Dell’Acqua
  fullname: Dell’Acqua, Flavio
  organization: NatbrainLab, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Alexander
  surname: Leemans
  fullname: Leemans, Alexander
  organization: Image Sciences Institute, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Fan
  surname: Zhang
  fullname: Zhang, Fan
  organization: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Francois
  surname: Rheault
  fullname: Rheault, Francois
  organization: Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science Department, Université de Sherbrooke
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Shawna
  surname: Farquharson
  fullname: Farquharson, Shawna
  organization: Sydney Imaging, University of Sydney
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Alberto
  surname: De Luca
  fullname: De Luca, Alberto
  email: a.deluca-2@umcutrecht.nl
  organization: Image Sciences Institute, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40522517$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9kb1OwzAUhS1UREvhBRhQJBaWgO3YTs2GKv4kJAZgthznpk2VOMVOkLLxGrweT4JL-BMDg3U9fOfcY59dNLKNBYQOCD4hGKenHmNGZYwpD0cKFvdbaEJmIompEGT06z5Gu96vMOZyRuQOGjPMKeUknaD7hyVErdOmbRZOr5fg3l5efZSXFdS1Pos6m4PzrbZ5aReRbzpnwEdNET1rV-qsrMq2j0r726LfQ9uFrjzsf84pery8eJhfx7d3Vzfz89vYJHTWxpqFMCmhPGUmAypCWjA0SYSUnBBe0KxIiMkKUzAuISMpYzKXHAinnAFmyRQdD75r1zx14FtVl95AVWkLTedVQonEBAuBA3r0B12Fp9iQbkPNJKNCbgwPP6kuqyFXa1fW2vXq67sCQAfAuMZ7B8U3QrDadKKGTlToRH10ovogSgaRD7BdgPvZ_Y_qHbyqjtA
Cites_doi 10.1002/nbm.3785
10.1002/nbm.3752
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.016
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.049
10.1016/B978-0-12-818894-1.00038-0
10.1093/cercor/bhx244
10.1016/B978-0-12-818894-1.00010-0
10.1371/journal.pone.0301520
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118502
10.1073/pnas.0702116104
10.1007/s00429-021-02382-w
10.1016/B978-0-12-818894-1.00030-6
10.1002/nbm.3017
10.1016/B978-0-12-818894-1.00026-4
10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70163-7
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.055
10.1038/s41467-017-01285-x
10.1016/B978-0-12-818894-1.00029-X
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004692
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116673
10.1002/mrm.20642
10.1016/j.metrad.2023.100003
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.071
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118870
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.002
10.1016/B978-0-12-818894-1.00019-7
10.1002/mrm.20283
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119327
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116704
10.1038/s41592-021-01185-5
10.1007/978-3-031-70337-9_6
10.1007/s00429-022-02546-2
10.1038/ncomms5932
10.1109/TMI.2010.2045126
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.053
10.1016/B978-0-12-818894-1.00001-X
10.1186/s13244-020-00872-9
10.1016/j.cortex.2017.10.022
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.011
10.1016/B978-0-12-818894-1.00008-2
10.1088/1741-2552/ab6aad
10.1016/B978-0-12-818894-1.00035-5
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Copyright_xml – notice: The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
– notice: 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
– notice: The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7TK
K9.
NAPCQ
7X8
DOI 10.1007/s00429-025-02964-y
DatabaseName CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
Neurosciences Abstracts
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
Neurosciences Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE - Academic
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)

MEDLINE
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Anatomy & Physiology
Zoology
Medicine
EISSN 1863-2661
0340-2061
ExternalDocumentID 40522517
10_1007_s00429_025_02964_y
Genre Journal Article
Review
Correspondence
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: The Galen and Hilary Weston Foundation
– fundername: Hanarth Fonds
  funderid: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100023452
– fundername: European Research Council
  grantid: 101163214
  funderid: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000781
– fundername: Alzheimer Nederland
  grantid: WE.03-2022-11
  funderid: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100010969
– fundername: New Zealand Ministry of Business
  grantid: Catalyst
– fundername: European Research Council
  grantid: 101163214
– fundername: Alzheimer Nederland
  grantid: WE.03-2022-11
GroupedDBID ---
.86
.VR
06C
06D
0R~
0VY
1N0
203
23N
29~
2J2
2JN
2JY
2KG
2KM
2LR
2~H
30V
36B
4.4
406
408
409
40D
40E
53G
5GY
5VS
67Z
6J9
6NX
78A
7RV
7X7
8TC
8UJ
95-
95.
95~
96X
AAAVM
AABHQ
AACDK
AAHNG
AAIAL
AAJBT
AAJKR
AANZL
AAPKM
AARTL
AASML
AATNV
AATVU
AAUYE
AAWCG
AAYIU
AAYQN
AAYZH
ABAKF
ABBBX
ABBRH
ABBXA
ABDBE
ABDZT
ABECU
ABFSG
ABFTV
ABHLI
ABHQN
ABIVO
ABJNI
ABJOX
ABKCH
ABKTR
ABMNI
ABMQK
ABNWP
ABPLI
ABQBU
ABRTQ
ABSXP
ABTEG
ABTHY
ABTKH
ABTMW
ABWNU
ABXPI
ACAOD
ACDTI
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACHSB
ACHXU
ACKNC
ACMDZ
ACMLO
ACOKC
ACOMO
ACPIV
ACPRK
ACREN
ACSTC
ACZOJ
ADBBV
ADHHG
ADHIR
ADKNI
ADKPE
ADRFC
ADTPH
ADURQ
ADYFF
ADYOE
ADZKW
AEFQL
AEGAL
AEGNC
AEJHL
AEJRE
AEMSY
AENEX
AEOHA
AEPYU
AESKC
AETLH
AEVLU
AEXYK
AEZWR
AFBBN
AFDZB
AFHIU
AFLOW
AFOHR
AFQWF
AFWTZ
AFYQB
AFZKB
AGAYW
AGDGC
AGMZJ
AGQEE
AGQMX
AGRTI
AGWIL
AGWZB
AGYKE
AHAVH
AHBYD
AHKAY
AHMBA
AHPBZ
AHSBF
AHWEU
AHYZX
AIAKS
AIGIU
AIIXL
AILAN
AITGF
AIXLP
AJRNO
AJZVZ
AKMHD
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALWAN
AMKLP
AMTXH
AMXSW
AMYLF
AMYQR
AOCGG
ARMRJ
ATHPR
AXYYD
AYFIA
AZFZN
B-.
BA0
BENPR
BGNMA
BSONS
CS3
CSCUP
DDRTE
DNIVK
DPUIP
DU5
EBLON
EBS
EIOEI
EMB
ESBYG
F5P
FEDTE
FERAY
FFXSO
FIGPU
FNLPD
FRRFC
FWDCC
G-Y
G-Z
GGCAI
GGRSB
GJIRD
GNWQR
GQ7
GQ8
GXS
HCIFZ
HF~
HG5
HG6
HMJXF
HQYDN
HRMNR
HVGLF
HZ~
IHE
IJ-
IKXTQ
ITM
IWAJR
IXC
IZIGR
IZQ
I~X
I~Z
J-C
J0Z
JBSCW
JCJTX
JZLTJ
KDC
KOV
KPH
LAS
LLZTM
M4Y
M7P
MA-
N9A
NAPCQ
NB0
NPVJJ
NQJWS
NU0
O93
O9G
O9I
O9J
OAM
P9S
PF-
PT4
QOR
QOS
R89
R9I
ROL
RPX
RSV
S16
S1Z
S27
S37
S3B
SAP
SBL
SDH
SHX
SISQX
SJYHP
SNE
SNPRN
SNX
SOHCF
SOJ
SPISZ
SRMVM
SSLCW
SSXJD
STPWE
SZN
T13
TSG
TSK
TSV
TT1
TUC
U9L
UG4
UOJIU
UTJUX
VC2
W23
W48
WJK
WK8
YLTOR
Z45
ZMTXR
ZOVNA
~KM
AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7TK
K9.
7X8
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c328t-a4819712574cbe26186ec2336995115f2bf31cbfcf459eb17449d95e15254e043
IEDL.DBID AGYKE
ISSN 1863-2661
1863-2653
IngestDate Fri Sep 05 15:53:13 EDT 2025
Sat Aug 23 12:45:31 EDT 2025
Wed Jul 30 01:49:57 EDT 2025
Thu Sep 11 00:26:15 EDT 2025
Wed Jul 30 01:26:56 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 6
Language English
License 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c328t-a4819712574cbe26186ec2336995115f2bf31cbfcf459eb17449d95e15254e043
Notes SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Correspondence-1
content type line 14
ObjectType-Article-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
ObjectType-Review-3
ObjectType-Correspondence-4
content type line 23
PMID 40522517
PQID 3218942694
PQPubID 38983
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_3219010660
proquest_journals_3218942694
pubmed_primary_40522517
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00429_025_02964_y
springer_journals_10_1007_s00429_025_02964_y
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2025-06-16
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2025-06-16
PublicationDate_xml – month: 06
  year: 2025
  text: 2025-06-16
  day: 16
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Berlin/Heidelberg
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Berlin/Heidelberg
– name: Germany
– name: Heidelberg
PublicationTitle Brain Structure and Function
PublicationTitleAbbrev Brain Struct Funct
PublicationTitleAlternate Brain Struct Funct
PublicationYear 2025
Publisher Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Springer Nature B.V
Publisher_xml – name: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
– name: Springer Nature B.V
References 2964_CR5
2964_CR6
2964_CR8
JD Tournier (2964_CR36) 2013; 26
EJ Canales-Rodríguez (2964_CR7) 2019; 184
2964_CR3
2964_CR4
2964_CR28
M Cieslak (2964_CR11) 2021; 18
2964_CR26
SJ Forkel (2964_CR16) 2022; 227
2964_CR25
2964_CR24
A De Luca (2964_CR14) 2022; 227
C Lebel (2964_CR22) 2008; 40
F Rheault (2964_CR30) 2020; 17
R Jones (2964_CR21) 2020; 214
F-C Yeh (2964_CR40) 2010; 29
H Metwali (2964_CR27) 2024
S Conte (2964_CR12) 2024; 19
SB Vos (2964_CR37) 2016; 129
A Alberich-Bayarri (2964_CR1) 2020; 11
F Zhang (2964_CR41) 2022; 249
PL Croxson (2964_CR13) 2018; 28
2964_CR17
2964_CR39
M Bastiani (2964_CR2) 2012; 62
VJ Wedeen (2964_CR38) 2005; 54
2964_CR15
M Catani (2964_CR9) 2017; 97
E Özarslan (2964_CR29) 2013; 78
2964_CR33
2964_CR32
K Zou (2964_CR42) 2023; 1
S-H Lee (2964_CR23) 2015; 301
B Jeurissen (2964_CR19) 2019; 32
O Ciccarelli (2964_CR10) 2008; 7
2964_CR18
M Thiebaut de Schotten (2964_CR35) 2011; 54
DK Jones (2964_CR20) 2004; 52
KG Schilling (2964_CR31) 2021; 243
H Takemura (2964_CR34) 2016; 12
References_xml – volume: 32
  start-page: e3785
  year: 2019
  ident: 2964_CR19
  publication-title: NMR Biomed
  doi: 10.1002/nbm.3785
– ident: 2964_CR32
  doi: 10.1002/nbm.3752
– volume: 78
  start-page: 16
  year: 2013
  ident: 2964_CR29
  publication-title: NeuroImage
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.016
– volume: 301
  start-page: 79
  year: 2015
  ident: 2964_CR23
  publication-title: Neuroscience
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.049
– ident: 2964_CR3
  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818894-1.00038-0
– volume: 28
  start-page: 3829
  year: 2018
  ident: 2964_CR13
  publication-title: Cereb Cortex
  doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhx244
– ident: 2964_CR15
  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818894-1.00010-0
– volume: 19
  start-page: e0301520
  year: 2024
  ident: 2964_CR12
  publication-title: PLoS ONE
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301520
– volume: 243
  start-page: 118502
  year: 2021
  ident: 2964_CR31
  publication-title: NeuroImage
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118502
– ident: 2964_CR8
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0702116104
– volume: 227
  start-page: 529
  year: 2022
  ident: 2964_CR16
  publication-title: Brain Struct Funct
  doi: 10.1007/s00429-021-02382-w
– ident: 2964_CR17
  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818894-1.00030-6
– volume: 26
  start-page: 1775
  year: 2013
  ident: 2964_CR36
  publication-title: NMR Biomed
  doi: 10.1002/nbm.3017
– ident: 2964_CR4
  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818894-1.00026-4
– volume: 7
  start-page: 715
  year: 2008
  ident: 2964_CR10
  publication-title: Lancet Neurol
  doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70163-7
– volume: 54
  start-page: 49
  year: 2011
  ident: 2964_CR35
  publication-title: NeuroImage
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.055
– ident: 2964_CR26
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01285-x
– ident: 2964_CR24
  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818894-1.00029-X
– volume: 12
  start-page: e1004692
  year: 2016
  ident: 2964_CR34
  publication-title: PLoS Comput Biol
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004692
– ident: 2964_CR18
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116673
– volume: 54
  start-page: 1377
  year: 2005
  ident: 2964_CR38
  publication-title: Soc Magn Reson Med
  doi: 10.1002/mrm.20642
– volume: 1
  start-page: 100003
  year: 2023
  ident: 2964_CR42
  publication-title: Meta-Radiology
  doi: 10.1016/j.metrad.2023.100003
– volume: 184
  start-page: 140
  year: 2019
  ident: 2964_CR7
  publication-title: NeuroImage
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.071
– volume: 249
  start-page: 118870
  year: 2022
  ident: 2964_CR41
  publication-title: NeuroImage
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118870
– volume: 62
  start-page: 1732
  year: 2012
  ident: 2964_CR2
  publication-title: NeuroImage
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.002
– ident: 2964_CR6
  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818894-1.00019-7
– volume: 52
  start-page: 979
  year: 2004
  ident: 2964_CR20
  publication-title: Magn Reson Med
  doi: 10.1002/mrm.20283
– ident: 2964_CR25
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119327
– volume: 214
  start-page: 116704
  year: 2020
  ident: 2964_CR21
  publication-title: NeuroImage
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116704
– volume: 18
  start-page: 775
  year: 2021
  ident: 2964_CR11
  publication-title: Nat Methods
  doi: 10.1038/s41592-021-01185-5
– start-page: 141
  volume-title: A practical guide to advanced diffusion MRI
  year: 2024
  ident: 2964_CR27
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-70337-9_6
– volume: 227
  start-page: 2553
  year: 2022
  ident: 2964_CR14
  publication-title: Brain Struct Funct
  doi: 10.1007/s00429-022-02546-2
– ident: 2964_CR39
  doi: 10.1038/ncomms5932
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1626
  year: 2010
  ident: 2964_CR40
  publication-title: IEEE Trans Med Imaging
  doi: 10.1109/TMI.2010.2045126
– volume: 40
  start-page: 1044
  year: 2008
  ident: 2964_CR22
  publication-title: NeuroImage
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.053
– ident: 2964_CR5
  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818894-1.00001-X
– volume: 11
  start-page: 76
  year: 2020
  ident: 2964_CR1
  publication-title: Insights Imaging
  doi: 10.1186/s13244-020-00872-9
– volume: 97
  start-page: 339
  year: 2017
  ident: 2964_CR9
  publication-title: Cortex
  doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.10.022
– volume: 129
  start-page: 117
  year: 2016
  ident: 2964_CR37
  publication-title: NeuroImage
  doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.011
– ident: 2964_CR28
  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818894-1.00008-2
– volume: 17
  start-page: 011001
  year: 2020
  ident: 2964_CR30
  publication-title: J Neural Eng
  doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab6aad
– ident: 2964_CR33
  doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818894-1.00035-5
SSID ssj0059819
ssj0012825
Score 2.4287362
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Tractography involves many steps, and as such can be heavily affected by data quality, operator decisions such as algorithm and parameter selection and/or...
SourceID proquest
pubmed
crossref
springer
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 99
SubjectTerms Algorithms
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Brain - anatomy & histology
Brain - diagnostic imaging
Brain research
Cell Biology
Correspondence
Diffusion Tensor Imaging - methods
Epistemology
Humans
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - methods
Influence
Methods
Neurology
Neurosciences
Pathology
Title The tractographer’s dilemma: understanding sources of variability in tractography
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00429-025-02964-y
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40522517
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3218942694
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3219010660
Volume 230
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LT-MwEB6xrZD2wnMfYbuVkdBewCh17ATvrUWUCgQXthJwiRLXllarpoimSOG0f2P_Hr-EsZOULo8Dt0hxHGdmPPNN5mGAnUSMrNdhaGAUOiiRiKhUkaZGdoLIFqMfMFucfHYeDob85FJcVkVh0zrbvQ5JOk09L3ZzupPa41d9GyukxQdoCuugNKDZPb46Pao1sJBo5qoCmdef_N8IvUCWL6Kiztj0V2FYL7PMMfmzP8vTfXX_rIPje79jDVYq9Em6pbisw5LONmCzm6HnPS7ID-LyQd2P9g1Yvp64q024QFkiuS2nKvtb69uHv_-mZIQKZTxOfpLZYoEMKcMBUzIx5A4d8bIPeEF-Z4tTFJ9g2D_6dTig1WEMVAXsIKcJR6JGCIcirlLNbJt9rVgQhBIxWkcYlpqgo1KjDBcSDUDEuRxJoe35Slz7PPgMjWyS6a9AcHwa-UkiEjZCvJhaEMLQ8WM-V0ZL4cFuzZ34puy5Ec-7KzvqxUi92FEvLjxo1QyMq_03jQNELtJV6XqwPb-NO8eGQ5JMT2ZujM1NCUPfgy8l4-evw2Ux28zNg72aiU-Tv72WrfcN_wYfmZODkHbCFjTy25n-jhgnT9so0v1e77xdifYjibL1YQ
linkProvider Springer Nature
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LT9wwEB6VRQguUJ5NocVIiAsYJY6drHtbVcDyvJSVgEuUeG0Joc1WbBYpPfVv9O_xSxg7yZYCPXCLFMdxZsbzyMw3BthORd9GHYaGRmGAEouYShVramQQxhaM3mYWnHx-EXV7_ORKXNWgsFFT7d6kJJ2mnoDdnO6k9vhV3-YKaTkF0zxot3kLpjtH16cHjQYWEs1cDZB5-8l_jdArz_JVVtQZm8MF6DXLrGpM7vbHRbavfr3o4Pje7_gI87X3STqVuCzCB50vwXInx8h7UJId4upB3Y_2JZi5GbqrZfiBskQKC6eq-lvr-8fff0akjwplMEi_kfFzgAyp0gEjMjTkAQPxqg94SW7z51OUK9A7PLj83qX1YQxUhaxd0JQjUWN0h2KuMs1sm32tWBhGEn20QBiWmTBQmVGGC4kGIOZc9qXQ9nwlrn0erkIrH-b6ExAcn8V-moqU9dFfzKwTwjDwYz5XRkvhwW7DneRn1XMjmXRXdtRLkHqJo15SerDRMDCp998oCdFzkQ6l68HW5DbuHJsOSXM9HLsxtjYlinwP1irGT16Hy2K2mZsHew0T_07-_7V8ft_wTZjtXp6fJWfHF6frMMecTEQ0iDagVdyP9Rf0d4rsay3eT4jh9tY
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3NTtwwEB7RRa24lL9Cw08xEuqlNWQdO8HcVsBCS0GVWiTgEiWOLVXVZhGbRQonXoPX40kYO8mylPZQcYsUx3HGY883mfnGABuJyKzXYWhgFDookYioVJGmRraDyJLRt5klJx-fhIen_OuZOBtj8bts9yYkWXEabJWmvNi6zMzWiPjm9lFqj2L1bdyQlq9gkqN1Ey2Y7BycH-03u7GQaPJqsszfn3xqkJ6hzGcRUmd4utOQNEOu8k1-bw6LdFPd_FHN8SXfNANva1RKOpUazcKEzudgvpOjR94ryUfi8kTdD_g5eH3Rd1fz8AN1jBSWZlXVvdZX97d3A5LhRtPrJTtkOE6cIVWYYED6hlyjg17VBy_Jr3y8i_IdnHb3f-4e0vqQBqoCtl3QhKOAI4RJEVepZrb8vlYsCEKJ2K0tDEtN0FapUYYLiYYh4lxmUmh77hLXPg8WoJX3c_0eCLZPIz9JRMIyxJGpBScMHULmc2W0FB58amYqvqxqccSjqstOejFKL3bSi0sPVprJjOt1OYgDRDTSsXc9WB_dxhVlwyRJrvtD18bmrISh78FipQSj1-GwmC3y5sHnZkIfO__3WJb-r_kavPm-142_fTk5WoYp5lQipO1wBVrF1VCvIgwq0g-1pj8A7nD_sQ
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+tractographer%27s+dilemma%3A+understanding+sources+of+variability+in+tractography&rft.jtitle=Brain+structure+%26+function&rft.au=Dell%27Acqua%2C+Flavio&rft.au=Leemans%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Fan&rft.au=Rheault%2C+Francois&rft.date=2025-06-16&rft.eissn=1863-2661&rft.volume=230&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=99&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00429-025-02964-y&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F40522517&rft.externalDocID=40522517
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1863-2661&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1863-2661&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1863-2661&client=summon