Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Improves Blood Pressure via Endothelial Pathway: In Silico, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Evidence

Systemic hypertension, a common metabolic disorder, poses significant health risks despite the availability of antihypertensive drugs. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis has garnered increasing attention for its perceived efficacy and safety, though its mechanisms of action and the bioactive compounds respons...

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Published inCell biochemistry and biophysics Vol. 83; no. 2; pp. 1861 - 1877
Main Authors Chaturvedi, Akanksha, Verma, Kanika, Jain, Smita, Sharma, Pragya, Paliwal, Vartika, Paliwal, Sarvesh, Sharma, Swapnil
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Springer US 01.06.2025
Springer Nature B.V
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1559-0283
1085-9195
1559-0283
DOI10.1007/s12013-024-01594-1

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Abstract Systemic hypertension, a common metabolic disorder, poses significant health risks despite the availability of antihypertensive drugs. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis has garnered increasing attention for its perceived efficacy and safety, though its mechanisms of action and the bioactive compounds responsible for its antihypertensive effects remain elusive. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the antihypertensive activity of N. arbor-tristis leaves in rats and explore associated mechanism through in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies. The methanolic extract of N. arbor-tristis leaves (MENAT) was fractionated and subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening, including total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu method), total flavonoid content (Aluminum chloride method), and total alkaloid content (spectrometric method). Antioxidant studies were conducted using DPPH, FRAP, and H 2 O 2 assays. The most promising fraction (WNAT) was analyzed using LC-MS, and the identified compounds were used for molecular docking studies against cGMP and eNOS. Further, aortic ring assays were conducted to assess ex vivo vasorelaxant activity (rat aortic strip assay) and the underlying mechanisms of WNAT. Later, in vivo studies using a DOCA-salt-induced hypertension model in Wistar rats, along with molecular analyses (RT-PCR), were performed to validate the antihypertensive claims of N. arbor-tristis . In vitro studies demonstrated that the water extract of N. arbor-tristis leaves (WNAT) exhibited strong antioxidant activity and contained key phytochemicals. LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 19 major compounds, including betulinic acid and arbortristosides. Molecular docking studies indicated that arborside C exhibited a strong affinity for both eNOS and cGMP. Ex vivo studies involving rat aortic strips showed that WNAT induced vasodilatory activity, which is associated with parasympathetic and nitric oxide-related pathways. In vivo experiments further supported WNAT’s antihypertensive properties through improvements via amelioration of rat blood pressure and histological features, biochemical markers, morphometric parameters, and gene expression in hypertensive rats. In conclusion, WNAT effectively lowers blood pressure through modulation of the endothelial pathway and warrants further studies to attain its clinical utility in hypertensive subjects. Graphical Abstract Highlights Nyctanthes arbor-tristis has notable antihypertensive properties. Arborside C exhibits impressive affinity with cGMP and NO. The water fraction of MENAT (WNAT) modulates the levels of the Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) gene in the cardiac tissues of DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rats.
AbstractList Systemic hypertension, a common metabolic disorder, poses significant health risks despite the availability of antihypertensive drugs. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis has garnered increasing attention for its perceived efficacy and safety, though its mechanisms of action and the bioactive compounds responsible for its antihypertensive effects remain elusive. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the antihypertensive activity of N. arbor-tristis leaves in rats and explore associated mechanism through in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies. The methanolic extract of N. arbor-tristis leaves (MENAT) was fractionated and subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening, including total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu method), total flavonoid content (Aluminum chloride method), and total alkaloid content (spectrometric method). Antioxidant studies were conducted using DPPH, FRAP, and H2O2 assays. The most promising fraction (WNAT) was analyzed using LC-MS, and the identified compounds were used for molecular docking studies against cGMP and eNOS. Further, aortic ring assays were conducted to assess ex vivo vasorelaxant activity (rat aortic strip assay) and the underlying mechanisms of WNAT. Later, in vivo studies using a DOCA-salt-induced hypertension model in Wistar rats, along with molecular analyses (RT-PCR), were performed to validate the antihypertensive claims of N. arbor-tristis. In vitro studies demonstrated that the water extract of N. arbor-tristis leaves (WNAT) exhibited strong antioxidant activity and contained key phytochemicals. LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 19 major compounds, including betulinic acid and arbortristosides. Molecular docking studies indicated that arborside C exhibited a strong affinity for both eNOS and cGMP. Ex vivo studies involving rat aortic strips showed that WNAT induced vasodilatory activity, which is associated with parasympathetic and nitric oxide-related pathways. In vivo experiments further supported WNAT's antihypertensive properties through improvements via amelioration of rat blood pressure and histological features, biochemical markers, morphometric parameters, and gene expression in hypertensive rats. In conclusion, WNAT effectively lowers blood pressure through modulation of the endothelial pathway and warrants further studies to attain its clinical utility in hypertensive subjects.Systemic hypertension, a common metabolic disorder, poses significant health risks despite the availability of antihypertensive drugs. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis has garnered increasing attention for its perceived efficacy and safety, though its mechanisms of action and the bioactive compounds responsible for its antihypertensive effects remain elusive. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the antihypertensive activity of N. arbor-tristis leaves in rats and explore associated mechanism through in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies. The methanolic extract of N. arbor-tristis leaves (MENAT) was fractionated and subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening, including total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu method), total flavonoid content (Aluminum chloride method), and total alkaloid content (spectrometric method). Antioxidant studies were conducted using DPPH, FRAP, and H2O2 assays. The most promising fraction (WNAT) was analyzed using LC-MS, and the identified compounds were used for molecular docking studies against cGMP and eNOS. Further, aortic ring assays were conducted to assess ex vivo vasorelaxant activity (rat aortic strip assay) and the underlying mechanisms of WNAT. Later, in vivo studies using a DOCA-salt-induced hypertension model in Wistar rats, along with molecular analyses (RT-PCR), were performed to validate the antihypertensive claims of N. arbor-tristis. In vitro studies demonstrated that the water extract of N. arbor-tristis leaves (WNAT) exhibited strong antioxidant activity and contained key phytochemicals. LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 19 major compounds, including betulinic acid and arbortristosides. Molecular docking studies indicated that arborside C exhibited a strong affinity for both eNOS and cGMP. Ex vivo studies involving rat aortic strips showed that WNAT induced vasodilatory activity, which is associated with parasympathetic and nitric oxide-related pathways. In vivo experiments further supported WNAT's antihypertensive properties through improvements via amelioration of rat blood pressure and histological features, biochemical markers, morphometric parameters, and gene expression in hypertensive rats. In conclusion, WNAT effectively lowers blood pressure through modulation of the endothelial pathway and warrants further studies to attain its clinical utility in hypertensive subjects.
Systemic hypertension, a common metabolic disorder, poses significant health risks despite the availability of antihypertensive drugs. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis has garnered increasing attention for its perceived efficacy and safety, though its mechanisms of action and the bioactive compounds responsible for its antihypertensive effects remain elusive. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the antihypertensive activity of N. arbor-tristis leaves in rats and explore associated mechanism through in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies. The methanolic extract of N. arbor-tristis leaves (MENAT) was fractionated and subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening, including total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu method), total flavonoid content (Aluminum chloride method), and total alkaloid content (spectrometric method). Antioxidant studies were conducted using DPPH, FRAP, and H 2 O 2 assays. The most promising fraction (WNAT) was analyzed using LC-MS, and the identified compounds were used for molecular docking studies against cGMP and eNOS. Further, aortic ring assays were conducted to assess ex vivo vasorelaxant activity (rat aortic strip assay) and the underlying mechanisms of WNAT. Later, in vivo studies using a DOCA-salt-induced hypertension model in Wistar rats, along with molecular analyses (RT-PCR), were performed to validate the antihypertensive claims of N. arbor-tristis . In vitro studies demonstrated that the water extract of N. arbor-tristis leaves (WNAT) exhibited strong antioxidant activity and contained key phytochemicals. LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 19 major compounds, including betulinic acid and arbortristosides. Molecular docking studies indicated that arborside C exhibited a strong affinity for both eNOS and cGMP. Ex vivo studies involving rat aortic strips showed that WNAT induced vasodilatory activity, which is associated with parasympathetic and nitric oxide-related pathways. In vivo experiments further supported WNAT’s antihypertensive properties through improvements via amelioration of rat blood pressure and histological features, biochemical markers, morphometric parameters, and gene expression in hypertensive rats. In conclusion, WNAT effectively lowers blood pressure through modulation of the endothelial pathway and warrants further studies to attain its clinical utility in hypertensive subjects. Graphical Abstract Highlights Nyctanthes arbor-tristis has notable antihypertensive properties. Arborside C exhibits impressive affinity with cGMP and NO. The water fraction of MENAT (WNAT) modulates the levels of the Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) gene in the cardiac tissues of DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rats.
Systemic hypertension, a common metabolic disorder, poses significant health risks despite the availability of antihypertensive drugs. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis has garnered increasing attention for its perceived efficacy and safety, though its mechanisms of action and the bioactive compounds responsible for its antihypertensive effects remain elusive. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the antihypertensive activity of N. arbor-tristis leaves in rats and explore associated mechanism through in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies. The methanolic extract of N. arbor-tristis leaves (MENAT) was fractionated and subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening, including total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu method), total flavonoid content (Aluminum chloride method), and total alkaloid content (spectrometric method). Antioxidant studies were conducted using DPPH, FRAP, and H O assays. The most promising fraction (WNAT) was analyzed using LC-MS, and the identified compounds were used for molecular docking studies against cGMP and eNOS. Further, aortic ring assays were conducted to assess ex vivo vasorelaxant activity (rat aortic strip assay) and the underlying mechanisms of WNAT. Later, in vivo studies using a DOCA-salt-induced hypertension model in Wistar rats, along with molecular analyses (RT-PCR), were performed to validate the antihypertensive claims of N. arbor-tristis. In vitro studies demonstrated that the water extract of N. arbor-tristis leaves (WNAT) exhibited strong antioxidant activity and contained key phytochemicals. LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 19 major compounds, including betulinic acid and arbortristosides. Molecular docking studies indicated that arborside C exhibited a strong affinity for both eNOS and cGMP. Ex vivo studies involving rat aortic strips showed that WNAT induced vasodilatory activity, which is associated with parasympathetic and nitric oxide-related pathways. In vivo experiments further supported WNAT's antihypertensive properties through improvements via amelioration of rat blood pressure and histological features, biochemical markers, morphometric parameters, and gene expression in hypertensive rats. In conclusion, WNAT effectively lowers blood pressure through modulation of the endothelial pathway and warrants further studies to attain its clinical utility in hypertensive subjects.
Systemic hypertension, a common metabolic disorder, poses significant health risks despite the availability of antihypertensive drugs. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis has garnered increasing attention for its perceived efficacy and safety, though its mechanisms of action and the bioactive compounds responsible for its antihypertensive effects remain elusive. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the antihypertensive activity of N. arbor-tristis leaves in rats and explore associated mechanism through in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies. The methanolic extract of N. arbor-tristis leaves (MENAT) was fractionated and subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening, including total phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteu method), total flavonoid content (Aluminum chloride method), and total alkaloid content (spectrometric method). Antioxidant studies were conducted using DPPH, FRAP, and H2O2 assays. The most promising fraction (WNAT) was analyzed using LC-MS, and the identified compounds were used for molecular docking studies against cGMP and eNOS. Further, aortic ring assays were conducted to assess ex vivo vasorelaxant activity (rat aortic strip assay) and the underlying mechanisms of WNAT. Later, in vivo studies using a DOCA-salt-induced hypertension model in Wistar rats, along with molecular analyses (RT-PCR), were performed to validate the antihypertensive claims of N. arbor-tristis. In vitro studies demonstrated that the water extract of N. arbor-tristis leaves (WNAT) exhibited strong antioxidant activity and contained key phytochemicals. LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 19 major compounds, including betulinic acid and arbortristosides. Molecular docking studies indicated that arborside C exhibited a strong affinity for both eNOS and cGMP. Ex vivo studies involving rat aortic strips showed that WNAT induced vasodilatory activity, which is associated with parasympathetic and nitric oxide-related pathways. In vivo experiments further supported WNAT’s antihypertensive properties through improvements via amelioration of rat blood pressure and histological features, biochemical markers, morphometric parameters, and gene expression in hypertensive rats. In conclusion, WNAT effectively lowers blood pressure through modulation of the endothelial pathway and warrants further studies to attain its clinical utility in hypertensive subjects.HighlightsNyctanthes arbor-tristis has notable antihypertensive properties.Arborside C exhibits impressive affinity with cGMP and NO.The water fraction of MENAT (WNAT) modulates the levels of the Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) gene in the cardiac tissues of DOCA-salt-induced hypertensive rats.
Author Paliwal, Sarvesh
Verma, Kanika
Jain, Smita
Paliwal, Vartika
Sharma, Swapnil
Chaturvedi, Akanksha
Sharma, Pragya
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Issue 2
Keywords Hypertension
Vasorelaxant
Arborside C
Preclinical
Nitric oxide
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Language English
License 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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Snippet Systemic hypertension, a common metabolic disorder, poses significant health risks despite the availability of antihypertensive drugs. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis...
Systemic hypertension, a common metabolic disorder, poses significant health risks despite the availability of antihypertensive drugs. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis...
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SubjectTerms Affinity
Aluminum
Aluminum chloride
Animal models
Animals
Antihypertensive Agents - chemistry
Antihypertensive Agents - pharmacology
Antihypertensive Agents - therapeutic use
Antihypertensives
Antioxidants
Antioxidants - chemistry
Antioxidants - pharmacology
Aorta
Assaying
Betulinic acid
Bioactive compounds
Biochemical markers
Biochemistry
Biological and Medical Physics
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biophysics
Biotechnology
Blood pressure
Blood Pressure - drug effects
Cell Biology
Cyclic GMP
Endothelium, Vascular - drug effects
Endothelium, Vascular - metabolism
Flavonoids
Gene expression
Guanylate cyclase
Health risks
Hydrogen peroxide
Hypertension
Hypertension - chemically induced
Hypertension - drug therapy
In vivo methods and tests
Life Sciences
Male
Metabolic disorders
Molecular docking
Molecular Docking Simulation
Nitric oxide
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - chemistry
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - metabolism
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Original Paper
Parasympathetic nervous system
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Phenolic compounds
Phytochemicals
Plant Extracts - chemistry
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
Plant Extracts - therapeutic use
Plant Leaves - chemistry
Plant Leaves - metabolism
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Spectrometry
Title Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Improves Blood Pressure via Endothelial Pathway: In Silico, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Evidence
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