High‐resolution HLA allele and haplotype frequencies in majority and minority populations of Costa Rica and Nicaragua: Differential admixture proportions in neighboring countries

The HLA system shows the most extensive polymorphism in the human genome. Allelic and haplotypic frequencies of HLA genes vary dramatically across human populations. Due to a complex history of migration, populations in Latin America show a broad variety of admixture proportions, usually varying not...

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Published inHLA Vol. 91; no. 6; pp. 514 - 529
Main Authors Arrieta‐Bolaños, E., Madrigal‐Sánchez, J. J., Stein, J. E., Órlich‐Pérez, P., Moreira‐Espinoza, M. J., Paredes‐Carias, E., Vanegas‐Padilla, Y., Salazar‐Sánchez, L., Madrigal, J. A., Marsh, S. G. E., Shaw, B. E.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.06.2018
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2059-2302
2059-2310
DOI10.1111/tan.13280

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Abstract The HLA system shows the most extensive polymorphism in the human genome. Allelic and haplotypic frequencies of HLA genes vary dramatically across human populations. Due to a complex history of migration, populations in Latin America show a broad variety of admixture proportions, usually varying not only between countries, but also within countries. Knowledge of HLA allele and haplotype frequencies is essential for medical fields such as transplantation, but also serves as a means to assess genetic diversity and ancestry in human populations. Here, we have determined high‐resolution HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, and ‐DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies in a sample of 713 healthy subjects from three Mestizo populations, one population of African descent, and Amerindians of five different groups from Costa Rica and Nicaragua and compared their profiles to a large set of indigenous populations from Iberia, Sub‐Saharan Africa, and the Americas. Our results show a great degree of allelic and haplotypic diversity within and across these populations, with most extended haplotypes being private. Mestizo populations show alleles and haplotypes of putative European, Amerindian, and Sub‐Saharan African origin, albeit with differential proportions. Despite some degree of gene flow, Amerindians and Afro‐descendants show great similarity to other Amerindian and West African populations, respectively. This is the first comprehensive study reporting high‐resolution HLA diversity in Central America, and its results will shed light into the genetic history of this region while also supporting the development of medical programs for organ and stem cell transplantation.
AbstractList The HLA system shows the most extensive polymorphism in the human genome. Allelic and haplotypic frequencies of HLA genes vary dramatically across human populations. Due to a complex history of migration, populations in Latin America show a broad variety of admixture proportions, usually varying not only between countries, but also within countries. Knowledge of HLA allele and haplotype frequencies is essential for medical fields such as transplantation, but also serves as a means to assess genetic diversity and ancestry in human populations. Here, we have determined high-resolution HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies in a sample of 713 healthy subjects from three Mestizo populations, one population of African descent, and Amerindians of five different groups from Costa Rica and Nicaragua and compared their profiles to a large set of indigenous populations from Iberia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Americas. Our results show a great degree of allelic and haplotypic diversity within and across these populations, with most extended haplotypes being private. Mestizo populations show alleles and haplotypes of putative European, Amerindian, and Sub-Saharan African origin, albeit with differential proportions. Despite some degree of gene flow, Amerindians and Afro-descendants show great similarity to other Amerindian and West African populations, respectively. This is the first comprehensive study reporting high-resolution HLA diversity in Central America, and its results will shed light into the genetic history of this region while also supporting the development of medical programs for organ and stem cell transplantation.
Author Vanegas‐Padilla, Y.
Stein, J. E.
Arrieta‐Bolaños, E.
Madrigal‐Sánchez, J. J.
Madrigal, J. A.
Shaw, B. E.
Órlich‐Pérez, P.
Marsh, S. G. E.
Moreira‐Espinoza, M. J.
Paredes‐Carias, E.
Salazar‐Sánchez, L.
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2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Issue 6
Keywords Nicaragua
ancestry
admixture
ethnicity
human leukocyte antigen
frequencies
Costa Rica
population
Language English
License 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Snippet The HLA system shows the most extensive polymorphism in the human genome. Allelic and haplotypic frequencies of HLA genes vary dramatically across human...
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StartPage 514
SubjectTerms admixture
African Continental Ancestry Group
Alleles
ancestry
Costa Rica
ethnicity
frequencies
Gene Frequency
Genotype
HLA Antigens - genetics
human leukocyte antigen
Humans
Indians, South American
Linkage Disequilibrium
Nicaragua
Polymorphism, Genetic
population
Transplantation
Title High‐resolution HLA allele and haplotype frequencies in majority and minority populations of Costa Rica and Nicaragua: Differential admixture proportions in neighboring countries
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Ftan.13280
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29687625
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