High‐resolution HLA allele and haplotype frequencies in majority and minority populations of Costa Rica and Nicaragua: Differential admixture proportions in neighboring countries
The HLA system shows the most extensive polymorphism in the human genome. Allelic and haplotypic frequencies of HLA genes vary dramatically across human populations. Due to a complex history of migration, populations in Latin America show a broad variety of admixture proportions, usually varying not...
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Published in | HLA Vol. 91; no. 6; pp. 514 - 529 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.06.2018
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 2059-2302 2059-2310 |
DOI | 10.1111/tan.13280 |
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Abstract | The HLA system shows the most extensive polymorphism in the human genome. Allelic and haplotypic frequencies of HLA genes vary dramatically across human populations. Due to a complex history of migration, populations in Latin America show a broad variety of admixture proportions, usually varying not only between countries, but also within countries. Knowledge of HLA allele and haplotype frequencies is essential for medical fields such as transplantation, but also serves as a means to assess genetic diversity and ancestry in human populations. Here, we have determined high‐resolution HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, and ‐DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies in a sample of 713 healthy subjects from three Mestizo populations, one population of African descent, and Amerindians of five different groups from Costa Rica and Nicaragua and compared their profiles to a large set of indigenous populations from Iberia, Sub‐Saharan Africa, and the Americas. Our results show a great degree of allelic and haplotypic diversity within and across these populations, with most extended haplotypes being private. Mestizo populations show alleles and haplotypes of putative European, Amerindian, and Sub‐Saharan African origin, albeit with differential proportions. Despite some degree of gene flow, Amerindians and Afro‐descendants show great similarity to other Amerindian and West African populations, respectively. This is the first comprehensive study reporting high‐resolution HLA diversity in Central America, and its results will shed light into the genetic history of this region while also supporting the development of medical programs for organ and stem cell transplantation. |
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AbstractList | The HLA system shows the most extensive polymorphism in the human genome. Allelic and haplotypic frequencies of HLA genes vary dramatically across human populations. Due to a complex history of migration, populations in Latin America show a broad variety of admixture proportions, usually varying not only between countries, but also within countries. Knowledge of HLA allele and haplotype frequencies is essential for medical fields such as transplantation, but also serves as a means to assess genetic diversity and ancestry in human populations. Here, we have determined high-resolution HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies in a sample of 713 healthy subjects from three Mestizo populations, one population of African descent, and Amerindians of five different groups from Costa Rica and Nicaragua and compared their profiles to a large set of indigenous populations from Iberia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Americas. Our results show a great degree of allelic and haplotypic diversity within and across these populations, with most extended haplotypes being private. Mestizo populations show alleles and haplotypes of putative European, Amerindian, and Sub-Saharan African origin, albeit with differential proportions. Despite some degree of gene flow, Amerindians and Afro-descendants show great similarity to other Amerindian and West African populations, respectively. This is the first comprehensive study reporting high-resolution HLA diversity in Central America, and its results will shed light into the genetic history of this region while also supporting the development of medical programs for organ and stem cell transplantation. |
Author | Vanegas‐Padilla, Y. Stein, J. E. Arrieta‐Bolaños, E. Madrigal‐Sánchez, J. J. Madrigal, J. A. Shaw, B. E. Órlich‐Pérez, P. Marsh, S. G. E. Moreira‐Espinoza, M. J. Paredes‐Carias, E. Salazar‐Sánchez, L. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: E. orcidid: 0000-0002-3696-5803 surname: Arrieta‐Bolaños fullname: Arrieta‐Bolaños, E. email: esteban.arrieta-bolanos@uk-essen.de organization: Universidad de Costa Rica – sequence: 2 givenname: J. J. surname: Madrigal‐Sánchez fullname: Madrigal‐Sánchez, J. J. organization: Universidad de Costa Rica – sequence: 3 givenname: J. E. surname: Stein fullname: Stein, J. E. organization: Royal Free Hospital – sequence: 4 givenname: P. surname: Órlich‐Pérez fullname: Órlich‐Pérez, P. organization: Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital San Juan de Dios – sequence: 5 givenname: M. J. surname: Moreira‐Espinoza fullname: Moreira‐Espinoza, M. J. organization: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua – sequence: 6 givenname: E. surname: Paredes‐Carias fullname: Paredes‐Carias, E. organization: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua – sequence: 7 givenname: Y. surname: Vanegas‐Padilla fullname: Vanegas‐Padilla, Y. organization: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua – sequence: 8 givenname: L. surname: Salazar‐Sánchez fullname: Salazar‐Sánchez, L. organization: Universidad de Costa Rica – sequence: 9 givenname: J. A. surname: Madrigal fullname: Madrigal, J. A. organization: University College London – sequence: 10 givenname: S. G. E. surname: Marsh fullname: Marsh, S. G. E. organization: University College London – sequence: 11 givenname: B. E. surname: Shaw fullname: Shaw, B. E. organization: Medical College of Wisconsin |
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Keywords | Nicaragua ancestry admixture ethnicity human leukocyte antigen frequencies Costa Rica population |
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Snippet | The HLA system shows the most extensive polymorphism in the human genome. Allelic and haplotypic frequencies of HLA genes vary dramatically across human... |
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SubjectTerms | admixture African Continental Ancestry Group Alleles ancestry Costa Rica ethnicity frequencies Gene Frequency Genotype HLA Antigens - genetics human leukocyte antigen Humans Indians, South American Linkage Disequilibrium Nicaragua Polymorphism, Genetic population Transplantation |
Title | High‐resolution HLA allele and haplotype frequencies in majority and minority populations of Costa Rica and Nicaragua: Differential admixture proportions in neighboring countries |
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