Modeling of anisotropic dual scale flow in RTM using the finite elements method
In Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) processes, a fabric reinforcement is placed in a closed cavity and resin is injected into the mold. Almost all reinforcements are dual scale containing fiber tows, which fill at a different rate than the region in between the fiber tows. Simulation of LCM processes...
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| Published in | Composites. Part B, Engineering Vol. 214; p. 108735 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
01.06.2021
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1359-8368 1879-1069 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108735 |
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| Abstract | In Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) processes, a fabric reinforcement is placed in a closed cavity and resin is injected into the mold. Almost all reinforcements are dual scale containing fiber tows, which fill at a different rate than the region in between the fiber tows. Simulation of LCM processes can help identify regions that fail to fill. However, the presence of dual scale flow is usually neglected. Here this phenomenon is modeled using Liquid Injection Molding Simulation (LIMS) software in which a complex network of one-dimensional elements is created. This allowed us to simulate transverse and longitudinal flow through the fiber tows taking into consideration the orientation and architecture of the reinforcement and, additionally, adding capillary effects to the model. A sensitivity study has been performed to investigate the effects of properties in non-dimensional form, allowing for comparison with experiments that were conducted to validate the model by visualization of the flow front position and dual scale area dimensions.
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•Dual scale flow simulation through complex one-dimensional elements network.•Simulation of anisotropic flow inside fiber tows with low computational effort.•Validation through experiments visualizing flow front and dual scale area.•Parametric study with non-dimensional properties showing model capability.•Study of tow compaction variability using experimental data. |
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| AbstractList | In Liquid Composite Molding (LCM) processes, a fabric reinforcement is placed in a closed cavity and resin is injected into the mold. Almost all reinforcements are dual scale containing fiber tows, which fill at a different rate than the region in between the fiber tows. Simulation of LCM processes can help identify regions that fail to fill. However, the presence of dual scale flow is usually neglected. Here this phenomenon is modeled using Liquid Injection Molding Simulation (LIMS) software in which a complex network of one-dimensional elements is created. This allowed us to simulate transverse and longitudinal flow through the fiber tows taking into consideration the orientation and architecture of the reinforcement and, additionally, adding capillary effects to the model. A sensitivity study has been performed to investigate the effects of properties in non-dimensional form, allowing for comparison with experiments that were conducted to validate the model by visualization of the flow front position and dual scale area dimensions.
[Display omitted]
•Dual scale flow simulation through complex one-dimensional elements network.•Simulation of anisotropic flow inside fiber tows with low computational effort.•Validation through experiments visualizing flow front and dual scale area.•Parametric study with non-dimensional properties showing model capability.•Study of tow compaction variability using experimental data. |
| ArticleNumber | 108735 |
| Author | Middendorf, Peter Advani, Suresh G. Simacek, Pavel Facciotto, Silvio |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Silvio orcidid: 0000-0002-9983-9257 surname: Facciotto fullname: Facciotto, Silvio email: facciotto@ifb.uni-stuttgart.de organization: Institute of Aircraft Design, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: Pavel surname: Simacek fullname: Simacek, Pavel organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center for Composite Materials, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Suresh G. surname: Advani fullname: Advani, Suresh G. organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center for Composite Materials, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Peter surname: Middendorf fullname: Middendorf, Peter organization: Institute of Aircraft Design, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany |
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| Keywords | Resin transfer molding (RTM) Capillary action Liquid composite molding (LCM) Dual scale flow modeling |
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