A 17 GHz direct digital synthesizer in a InP DHBT technology
Direct digital synthesizer (DDS) is an essential part of the multi-band digital phased array radar system due to its broad frequency generation ability. In this paper, a 17 GHz 8-bit ROM-less DDS in a 0.7 μm InP double hetero-junction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology is presented. The DDS adopts...
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| Published in | Sadhana (Bangalore) Vol. 46; no. 3 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
New Delhi
Springer India
01.09.2021
Springer Nature B.V |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0256-2499 0973-7677 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s12046-021-01710-4 |
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| Abstract | Direct digital synthesizer (DDS) is an essential part of the multi-band digital phased array radar system due to its broad frequency generation ability. In this paper, a 17 GHz 8-bit ROM-less DDS in a 0.7 μm InP double hetero-junction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology is presented. The DDS adopts a sin-weighted nonlinear Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) to achieve phase-to-amplitude conversion. A simplified pipelined phase accumulator is applied, and its adder is designed according to the majority decision algorithm to reduce power consumption. The DDS is fabricated in an in-house 0.7 μm InP DHBT technology. The measured results demonstrate that the maximum input clock frequency is 17 GHz, and it can synthesize sin-wave outputs from 66.41 MHz to 8.5 GHz in 66.41 MHz steps. The average Spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) for the output signal of the DDS is − 18.1 dBc. The chip integrates about 1700 transistors, consumes 7.4 W, and has a Figure of merit (FOM) of 2.3 GHz/W. |
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| AbstractList | Direct digital synthesizer (DDS) is an essential part of the multi-band digital phased array radar system due to its broad frequency generation ability. In this paper, a 17 GHz 8-bit ROM-less DDS in a 0.7 μm InP double hetero-junction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology is presented. The DDS adopts a sin-weighted nonlinear Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) to achieve phase-to-amplitude conversion. A simplified pipelined phase accumulator is applied, and its adder is designed according to the majority decision algorithm to reduce power consumption. The DDS is fabricated in an in-house 0.7 μm InP DHBT technology. The measured results demonstrate that the maximum input clock frequency is 17 GHz, and it can synthesize sin-wave outputs from 66.41 MHz to 8.5 GHz in 66.41 MHz steps. The average Spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) for the output signal of the DDS is − 18.1 dBc. The chip integrates about 1700 transistors, consumes 7.4 W, and has a Figure of merit (FOM) of 2.3 GHz/W. Direct digital synthesizer (DDS) is an essential part of the multi-band digital phased array radar system due to its broad frequency generation ability. In this paper, a 17 GHz 8-bit ROM-less DDS in a 0.7 μm InP double hetero-junction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology is presented. The DDS adopts a sin-weighted nonlinear Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) to achieve phase-to-amplitude conversion. A simplified pipelined phase accumulator is applied, and its adder is designed according to the majority decision algorithm to reduce power consumption. The DDS is fabricated in an in-house 0.7 μm InP DHBT technology. The measured results demonstrate that the maximum input clock frequency is 17 GHz, and it can synthesize sin-wave outputs from 66.41 MHz to 8.5 GHz in 66.41 MHz steps. The average Spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) for the output signal of the DDS is − 18.1 dBc. The chip integrates about 1700 transistors, consumes 7.4 W, and has a Figure of merit (FOM) of 2.3 GHz/W. |
| ArticleNumber | 182 |
| Author | Gao, Hao Zhang, Yi Li, Xiaopeng Zhang, Youtao Guo, Yufeng Zhang, Min |
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| References | Aitken A, Matsui J, Kaneshiro E, Oyama B, Sawdai D, Oki A and Streit D 2002 Ultrahigh-speed direct digital synthesizer using InP DHBT technology. IEEE J. Solid-St.Circ. 37:1115–1119 Turner S and Kotecki D 2006 Direct digital synthesizer with sine-weighted DAC at 32-GHz clock frequency in InP DHBT technology. IEEE J. Solid-St.Circ. 41:2284–2290 Zhang M, Meng Q, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang Y and Cheng W 2019 A broad-band 1:4 static frequency divider MMIC in InP HBT. In: 4th IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Microsystems, pp. 242–245 Ye Q, Zhang Y, Li X and Zhang Y 2017 A 12-bit 10GSps ultra high speed DAC in InP HBT technology. In: 2nd IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Microsystems, pp. 9–13 TierneyJRaderCGoldBA digital frequency synthesizerIEEE Trans. Acoust.1971194857 Elliott K 2005 Direct digital synthesis for enabling next generation RF systems. In: IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium, pp. 125–128 Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Liu Z and Gao H 2019 A 32.2-GHz Full Adder in InP DHBT Technology. In: 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Radio-Frequency Integration Technology, pp. 1–3 TurnerSKoteckiDDirect digital synthesizer with ROM-less architecture at 13-GHz clock frequency in InP DHBT technologyIEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett.20061629629810.1109/LMWC.2006.873490 Li X 2017 Direct digital frequency synthesizer based on InP DHBT process. PhD thesis, Southeast University, Nanjing, China HeGHowardJLeMPartykaPLiBKimGHessRBryieRLeeRRustomjiSPepperJKailMHelixMElderRJansenDHarffNPrairieJDanielJGilbertBSelf-aligned InP DHBT with ft and fmax over 300 GHz in a new manufactural technologyIEEE Electron Device Lett.20042552052210.1109/LED.2004.832528 Li X, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y and Zhang M 2018 A 13GS/s one-bit ADC with 18GHz analog bandwith based on InP DHBT technology. In: 14th IEEE International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology, pp. 1–3 Moll J, Hils B, Shrestha A, Ehlert A, Krozer V, Thurn K, Vossiek M, Horbak M, Hossain M, Heinrich W, Resch M and Bosse J 2017 Panel design of a MIMO imaging radar at W-band for space applications. In: European Radar Conference, pp. 126–129 Shrestha A, Moll J, Raemer A, Horbak M and Krozer V 2018 20 GHz Clock frequency ROM-less direct digital synthesizer comprising unique phase control unit in 0.25 μm SiGe technology. In: 13th European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference, pp. 206–209 Vankka J and Halonen K 2001 Direct Digital Synthesizers: Theory, Design and Applications. Boston, MA, USA, The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, pp. 48–62 J Tierney (1710_CR8) 1971; 19 1710_CR14 1710_CR13 1710_CR10 1710_CR11 1710_CR9 1710_CR7 1710_CR5 1710_CR6 1710_CR3 1710_CR1 1710_CR2 S Turner (1710_CR12) 2006; 16 G He (1710_CR4) 2004; 25 |
| References_xml | – reference: Vankka J and Halonen K 2001 Direct Digital Synthesizers: Theory, Design and Applications. Boston, MA, USA, The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, pp. 48–62 – reference: Moll J, Hils B, Shrestha A, Ehlert A, Krozer V, Thurn K, Vossiek M, Horbak M, Hossain M, Heinrich W, Resch M and Bosse J 2017 Panel design of a MIMO imaging radar at W-band for space applications. In: European Radar Conference, pp. 126–129 – reference: Zhang M, Meng Q, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang Y and Cheng W 2019 A broad-band 1:4 static frequency divider MMIC in InP HBT. In: 4th IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Microsystems, pp. 242–245 – reference: Aitken A, Matsui J, Kaneshiro E, Oyama B, Sawdai D, Oki A and Streit D 2002 Ultrahigh-speed direct digital synthesizer using InP DHBT technology. IEEE J. Solid-St.Circ. 37:1115–1119 – reference: Li X, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y and Zhang M 2018 A 13GS/s one-bit ADC with 18GHz analog bandwith based on InP DHBT technology. In: 14th IEEE International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology, pp. 1–3 – reference: Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Liu Z and Gao H 2019 A 32.2-GHz Full Adder in InP DHBT Technology. In: 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Radio-Frequency Integration Technology, pp. 1–3 – reference: TurnerSKoteckiDDirect digital synthesizer with ROM-less architecture at 13-GHz clock frequency in InP DHBT technologyIEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett.20061629629810.1109/LMWC.2006.873490 – reference: HeGHowardJLeMPartykaPLiBKimGHessRBryieRLeeRRustomjiSPepperJKailMHelixMElderRJansenDHarffNPrairieJDanielJGilbertBSelf-aligned InP DHBT with ft and fmax over 300 GHz in a new manufactural technologyIEEE Electron Device Lett.20042552052210.1109/LED.2004.832528 – reference: Li X 2017 Direct digital frequency synthesizer based on InP DHBT process. PhD thesis, Southeast University, Nanjing, China – reference: Turner S and Kotecki D 2006 Direct digital synthesizer with sine-weighted DAC at 32-GHz clock frequency in InP DHBT technology. IEEE J. Solid-St.Circ. 41:2284–2290 – reference: Shrestha A, Moll J, Raemer A, Horbak M and Krozer V 2018 20 GHz Clock frequency ROM-less direct digital synthesizer comprising unique phase control unit in 0.25 μm SiGe technology. In: 13th European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference, pp. 206–209 – reference: Elliott K 2005 Direct digital synthesis for enabling next generation RF systems. In: IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium, pp. 125–128 – reference: Ye Q, Zhang Y, Li X and Zhang Y 2017 A 12-bit 10GSps ultra high speed DAC in InP HBT technology. In: 2nd IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Microsystems, pp. 9–13 – reference: TierneyJRaderCGoldBA digital frequency synthesizerIEEE Trans. Acoust.1971194857 – ident: 1710_CR3 doi: 10.23919/EuMIC.2018.8539943 – volume: 16 start-page: 296 year: 2006 ident: 1710_CR12 publication-title: IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. doi: 10.1109/LMWC.2006.873490 – ident: 1710_CR2 doi: 10.23919/EURAD.2017.8249163 – ident: 1710_CR1 doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-3395-2_6 – volume: 25 start-page: 520 year: 2004 ident: 1710_CR4 publication-title: IEEE Electron Device Lett. doi: 10.1109/LED.2004.832528 – ident: 1710_CR10 doi: 10.1109/RFIT.2019.8929166 – ident: 1710_CR5 doi: 10.1109/ICSICT.2018.8564979 – ident: 1710_CR9 – ident: 1710_CR11 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2002.801174 – ident: 1710_CR7 doi: 10.1109/ICAM.2017.8242128 – ident: 1710_CR13 doi: 10.1109/CSICS.2005.1531783 – ident: 1710_CR14 doi: 10.1109/JSSC.2006.881552 – ident: 1710_CR6 doi: 10.1109/ICICM48536.2019.8977184 – volume: 19 start-page: 48 year: 1971 ident: 1710_CR8 publication-title: IEEE Trans. Acoust. |
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| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Digital to analog conversion Digital to analog converters Engineering Figure of merit Heterojunction bipolar transistors Phased arrays Power consumption Radar arrays Radar equipment Semiconductor devices Synthesis |
| Title | A 17 GHz direct digital synthesizer in a InP DHBT technology |
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