Modified Axial Pullout Resistance Factors of Geostrip and Metal Strip Reinforcements in Sand Considering Transverse Pull Effects
The pullout resistance of reinforcement is an important parameter in the design of reinforced retaining structures. At incipient failure, the kinematics of failure in a reinforced retaining structure shows that the sliding mass of soil pulls the reinforcement obliquely along the slip surface. The re...
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| Published in | Geotechnical and geological engineering Vol. 41; no. 6; pp. 3847 - 3858 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Cham
Springer International Publishing
01.08.2023
Springer Nature B.V |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0960-3182 1573-1529 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s10706-023-02485-7 |
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| Abstract | The pullout resistance of reinforcement is an important parameter in the design of reinforced retaining structures. At incipient failure, the kinematics of failure in a reinforced retaining structure shows that the sliding mass of soil pulls the reinforcement obliquely along the slip surface. The response of reinforcement to oblique pull can be considered to be made up of equivalent axial and transverse components of the oblique pull. Accordingly, axial and transverse pullout tests were conducted on geostrip, and metal strip (both smooth and ribbed) reinforcements embedded in uniform sand. Ribbed metal strip reinforcement registered higher pullout resistance than smooth metal strip and geostrip reinforcements. The modified axial pullout resistance factors accounting for transverse pull ranged from 0.44 to 1.23, 1.4 to 3.5, and 2.0 to 5.2 for geostrip, smooth-metal-strip, and ribbed-metal-strip reinforcements, respectively. While the axial pullout resistance factors ranged from 0.34 to 0.65, 0.75 to 1.1, and 0.94 to 1.3. |
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| AbstractList | The pullout resistance of reinforcement is an important parameter in the design of reinforced retaining structures. At incipient failure, the kinematics of failure in a reinforced retaining structure shows that the sliding mass of soil pulls the reinforcement obliquely along the slip surface. The response of reinforcement to oblique pull can be considered to be made up of equivalent axial and transverse components of the oblique pull. Accordingly, axial and transverse pullout tests were conducted on geostrip, and metal strip (both smooth and ribbed) reinforcements embedded in uniform sand. Ribbed metal strip reinforcement registered higher pullout resistance than smooth metal strip and geostrip reinforcements. The modified axial pullout resistance factors accounting for transverse pull ranged from 0.44 to 1.23, 1.4 to 3.5, and 2.0 to 5.2 for geostrip, smooth-metal-strip, and ribbed-metal-strip reinforcements, respectively. While the axial pullout resistance factors ranged from 0.34 to 0.65, 0.75 to 1.1, and 0.94 to 1.3. |
| Author | Chennarapu, Hariprasad Karnamprabhakara, Bhargav Kumar Balunaini, Umashankar |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Bhargav Kumar surname: Karnamprabhakara fullname: Karnamprabhakara, Bhargav Kumar organization: Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Hyderabad – sequence: 2 givenname: Hariprasad surname: Chennarapu fullname: Chennarapu, Hariprasad organization: Ecole Centrale School of Engineering, Mahindra University – sequence: 3 givenname: Umashankar surname: Balunaini fullname: Balunaini, Umashankar email: buma@ce.iith.ac.in organization: Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Hyderabad |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/0266-1144(93)90003-7 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:11(1440) 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000665 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2019.103490 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001838 10.3328/IJGE.2009.03.01.39-50 10.1680/gein.3.0075 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000720 10.3328/IJGE.2008.02.02.143-151 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.02.002 10.1016/S0266-1144(99)00033-3 10.1016/S0266-1144(03)00002-5 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.03.003 10.1061/41128(384)51 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.09.018 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2021.04.003 10.1016/j.sandf.2012.05.007 10.1680/geot.14.P.233 10.1520/GTJ10838J 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003497 10.1680/jgein.19.00026 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1994)120:4(661) 10.1680/jgein.21.00005a 10.1680/jgein.18.00032 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2000)126:3(281) 10.1007/s10706-016-0064-0 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. |
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| Keywords | Metal strip Geostrip Axial pullout Transverse pullout Reinforced soil |
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| References | AASHTO (2020) LFRD Bridge Design, 9th edn. Washington, DC Khalid FarragYBAIlanJPull-out resistance of geogrid reinforcementsGeotext Geomembr19931213315910.1016/0266-1144(93)90003-7 MadhavMRUmashankarBAnalysis of inextensible sheet reinforcement subject to downward displacement/force: non- linear subgrade responseGeotext Geomembr200321698410.1016/S0266-1144(03)00002-5 ASTM D6706 (2006) Standard test method for measuring geosynthetic pullout resistance in soil, West Conshohocken, PA. Madhav MR, Manoj TP (2004) Reinforcement – Soil Interactions under Transverse and Oblique Forces. 12th ARC on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, C. F. Leung, et al., eds., World Scientific, Singapore, 1139–115 KarnamprabhakaraBKBalunainiUArulrajahADevelopment of a unique test apparatus to conduct axial and transverse pullout testing on geogrid reinforcementsJ Mater Civ Eng20213311110.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003497 PalmeiraEMSoil–geosynthetic interaction: modelling and analysisGeotext Geomembr20092736839010.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.03.003 ZornbergJGSitarNMitchellJKPerformance of geosynthetic reinforced slopes at failureJ Geotech Geoenviron Eng199812467068310.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2000)126:3(281) MiyataYBathurstRJAllenTMEvaluation of tensile load model accuracy for PET strap MSE wallsGeosynth Int20182565667110.1680/jgein.18.00032 PatraSShahuJTPasternak model for oblique pullout of inextensible reinforcementJ Geotech Geoenviron Eng20121381503151310.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000720 Anderson PL, Asce M, Gladstone RA, et al (2010) Coherent Gravity: the correct design method for steel-reinforced MSE walls, GSP208, ASCE, https://doi.org/10.1061/41128(384)51 IngoldTSLaboratory pull-out testing of grid reinforcements in sandGeotech Test J1983610111110.1520/GTJ10838J KarnamprabhakaraBKUmashankarBArulrajahAEvansREvaluation of interaction properties of uniaxial geogrids with waste foundry sandGeosynth Int202210.1680/jgein.21.00005a Narasimha ReddyGVMadhavMRSaibaba ReddyEPseudo-static seismic analysis of reinforced soil wall-effect of oblique displacementGeotext Geomembr20082639340310.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.02.002 SobhiSWuJHTAn interface pullout formula for extensible sheet reinforcementGeosynth Int1996356558210.1680/gein.3.0075 BhowmikRShahuJTDattaMExperimental studies on inclined pullout behaviour of geosynthetic sheet Vis-À-Vis geogrid: effect of type of anchor and sandGeotext Geomembr20194776777910.1016/j.geotexmem.2019.103490 BergadoDTTeerawattanasukCLongPVLocalized mobilization of reinforcement force and its direction at the vicinity of failure surfaceGeotext Geomembr20001831133110.1016/S0266-1144(99)00033-3 HuangBBathurstRJAllenTMLRFD calibration for steel strip reinforced soil wallsJ Geotech Geoenviron Eng201213892293310.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000665 MiyataYBathurstRJAnalysis and calibration of default steel strip pullout models used in JapanSoils Found20125248149710.1016/j.sandf.2012.05.007 Elias V, Christopher B, Berg RyanR (2001) Mechanically stabilized earth walls and reinforced soil slopes design & construction guidelines. FHWA-NHI-00–043 Report PatraSShahuJTGeosyntheticsIBehaviour of extensible reinforcement resting on non-linear pasternak subgrade subjected to oblique pullGeotechnique2015277077910.1680/geot.14.P.233 HariprasadCUmashankarBTransverse pullout response of smooth-metal-strip reinforcements embedded in sandJ Geotech Geoenviron Eng20181440601702010.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001838 Narasimha ReddyGVMadhavMRSaibabaReddyEAnalysis of reinforced soil wall based on kinematics: effect of transverse displacementInt J Geotech Eng2008214315110.3328/IJGE.2008.02.02.143-151 AbdelouhabADiasDFreitagNPhysical and analytical modelling of geosynthetic strip pull-out behaviourGeotext Geomembr201028445310.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.09.018 FahmyRFWKoernerRMSansoneLJExperimental behavior of polymeric geogrids in pulloutJ Geotech Eng199412066167710.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1994)120:4(661) Narasimha ReddyGVMadhavMRSaibaba ReddyEKinematics and analysis of reinforced soil wall-linear backfill responseInt J Geotech Eng20093395010.3328/IJGE.2009.03.01.39-50 HariprasadCRajashekharMUmashankarBPreparation of uniform sand specimens using stationary pluviation and vibratory methodsGeotech Geol Eng2016341909192210.1007/s10706-016-0064-0 KarnamprabhakaraBKBalunainiUModified axial pullout resistance factors of geogrids embedded in pond ashGeotext Geomembr2021491245125510.1016/j.geotexmem.2021.04.003 MiyataYBathurstRJAllenTMCalibration of PET strap pullout models using a statistical approachGeosynth Int20192641342710.1680/jgein.19.00026 MadhavMRUmashankarBAnalysis of inextensible sheet reinforcement subject to transverse displacement/force: linear subgrade responseGeotext Geomembr200321698410.1016/S0266-1144(03)00002-5 ShahuJTPullout response of inextensible sheet reinforcement subject to oblique end forceJ Geotech Geoenviron Eng20071331440144810.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:11(1440) 2485_CR4 2485_CR3 GV Narasimha Reddy (2485_CR24) 2008; 26 S Patra (2485_CR28) 2015; 2 C Hariprasad (2485_CR9) 2018; 144 S Patra (2485_CR27) 2012; 138 Y Miyata (2485_CR21) 2018; 25 2485_CR1 MR Madhav (2485_CR19) 2003; 21 2485_CR7 DT Bergado (2485_CR5) 2000; 18 S Sobhi (2485_CR30) 1996; 3 GV Narasimha Reddy (2485_CR25) 2009; 3 YBA Khalid Farrag (2485_CR16) 1993; 12 2485_CR17 RFW Fahmy (2485_CR8) 1994; 120 MR Madhav (2485_CR18) 2003; 21 JG Zornberg (2485_CR31) 1998; 124 R Bhowmik (2485_CR6) 2019; 47 BK Karnamprabhakara (2485_CR15) 2022 Y Miyata (2485_CR22) 2019; 26 C Hariprasad (2485_CR10) 2016; 34 GV Narasimha Reddy (2485_CR23) 2008; 2 BK Karnamprabhakara (2485_CR14) 2021; 33 JT Shahu (2485_CR29) 2007; 133 A Abdelouhab (2485_CR2) 2010; 28 BK Karnamprabhakara (2485_CR13) 2021; 49 B Huang (2485_CR11) 2012; 138 EM Palmeira (2485_CR26) 2009; 27 TS Ingold (2485_CR12) 1983; 6 Y Miyata (2485_CR20) 2012; 52 |
| References_xml | – reference: AbdelouhabADiasDFreitagNPhysical and analytical modelling of geosynthetic strip pull-out behaviourGeotext Geomembr201028445310.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.09.018 – reference: MiyataYBathurstRJAllenTMCalibration of PET strap pullout models using a statistical approachGeosynth Int20192641342710.1680/jgein.19.00026 – reference: PalmeiraEMSoil–geosynthetic interaction: modelling and analysisGeotext Geomembr20092736839010.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.03.003 – reference: Narasimha ReddyGVMadhavMRSaibaba ReddyEPseudo-static seismic analysis of reinforced soil wall-effect of oblique displacementGeotext Geomembr20082639340310.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.02.002 – reference: MadhavMRUmashankarBAnalysis of inextensible sheet reinforcement subject to downward displacement/force: non- linear subgrade responseGeotext Geomembr200321698410.1016/S0266-1144(03)00002-5 – reference: FahmyRFWKoernerRMSansoneLJExperimental behavior of polymeric geogrids in pulloutJ Geotech Eng199412066167710.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1994)120:4(661) – reference: AASHTO (2020) LFRD Bridge Design, 9th edn. 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| SubjectTerms | Civil Engineering Design parameters Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences Hydrogeology Kinematics Metal strips Metals Pull out tests Pull-out resistance Reinforcement Resistance factors Sand Technical Note Terrestrial Pollution Waste Management/Waste Technology |
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| Title | Modified Axial Pullout Resistance Factors of Geostrip and Metal Strip Reinforcements in Sand Considering Transverse Pull Effects |
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