Dijkstra’s algorithm-based ray tracing method for total focusing method imaging of CFRP laminates
Accurate determination of ultrasonic travel time from a start point to an end point with known positions is fundamental to the application of total focusing method (TFM) to ultrasonic array imaging. However, this is particularly challenging for CFRP laminates whose wave propagation is complex due to...
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| Published in | Composite structures Vol. 215; pp. 298 - 304 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
01.05.2019
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0263-8223 1879-1085 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.02.086 |
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| Abstract | Accurate determination of ultrasonic travel time from a start point to an end point with known positions is fundamental to the application of total focusing method (TFM) to ultrasonic array imaging. However, this is particularly challenging for CFRP laminates whose wave propagation is complex due to material anisotropy and refractive ply interfaces. In this paper, a ray tracing method using Dijkstra’s path-finding algorithm is presented and used to calculate time delays of TFM. This modified TFM, termed ray tracing TFM, was demonstrated by post-processing full matrix capture (FMC) data from a 5.79-mm-thick multidirectional CFRP laminate containing three 1.5 mm diameter side-drilled holes (SDHs) at 3 mm depth. It shows that the ray tracing TFM enables the FMC signals to be accurately delayed and coherently summed to synthesize a focus at every image point. Consequently, peak amplitudes of the SDHs were increased by up to 49.74 dB and 2.69 dB with respect to those from paintbrush acquisition and the isotropic TFM with a constant velocity, respectively. Ray tracing results have also confirmed that use of a coupling layer is a simple way to minimize the anisotropic effect of CFRP and to reduce the structural noise from reflections at ply interfaces. |
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| AbstractList | Accurate determination of ultrasonic travel time from a start point to an end point with known positions is fundamental to the application of total focusing method (TFM) to ultrasonic array imaging. However, this is particularly challenging for CFRP laminates whose wave propagation is complex due to material anisotropy and refractive ply interfaces. In this paper, a ray tracing method using Dijkstra’s path-finding algorithm is presented and used to calculate time delays of TFM. This modified TFM, termed ray tracing TFM, was demonstrated by post-processing full matrix capture (FMC) data from a 5.79-mm-thick multidirectional CFRP laminate containing three 1.5 mm diameter side-drilled holes (SDHs) at 3 mm depth. It shows that the ray tracing TFM enables the FMC signals to be accurately delayed and coherently summed to synthesize a focus at every image point. Consequently, peak amplitudes of the SDHs were increased by up to 49.74 dB and 2.69 dB with respect to those from paintbrush acquisition and the isotropic TFM with a constant velocity, respectively. Ray tracing results have also confirmed that use of a coupling layer is a simple way to minimize the anisotropic effect of CFRP and to reduce the structural noise from reflections at ply interfaces. |
| Author | Cao, Huanqing Luo, Zhongbing Lin, Li |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Li surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Li – sequence: 2 givenname: Huanqing surname: Cao fullname: Cao, Huanqing – sequence: 3 givenname: Zhongbing surname: Luo fullname: Luo, Zhongbing email: zhbluo@dlut.edu.cn |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.08.119 10.1063/1.4914713 10.1121/1.3372724 10.1109/TUFFC.2014.3035 10.1190/1.1442958 10.1007/s10443-012-9250-2 10.1063/1.2184630 10.1016/j.ndteint.2011.10.006 10.1016/j.ndteint.2015.12.009 10.1016/j.ndteint.2013.08.002 10.1016/j.ndteint.2018.03.011 10.1016/j.ndteint.2018.01.008 10.1007/s10921-012-0140-1 10.1016/S0020-7683(02)00500-0 10.1016/j.ultras.2009.08.014 10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.12.026 10.1109/TUFFC.2013.2778 10.1016/j.ndteint.2012.07.006 10.1784/insi.2012.55.9.477 10.1016/j.ultras.2013.08.007 |
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| Keywords | Elastic anisotropy Ray tracing Ultrasonic phased array Total focusing method Carbon fiber reinforced plastics Multilayered structure |
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| SubjectTerms | Carbon fiber reinforced plastics Elastic anisotropy Multilayered structure Ray tracing Total focusing method Ultrasonic phased array |
| Title | Dijkstra’s algorithm-based ray tracing method for total focusing method imaging of CFRP laminates |
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