Microcomputed tomography (microCT) and histology of the mandibular canal in human and laboratory animals
[Display omitted] •The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) has an intra-bone path in the mandible inside the mandibular canal.•It is clinically important to know the constitution and microanatomy of this canal in maxilla-facial surgery and dental implantology.•The wall of the canal is made with thin plate...
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Published in | Morphologie Vol. 102; no. 339; pp. 263 - 275 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
France
Elsevier Masson SAS
01.12.2018
Elsevier Masson |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 1286-0115 |
DOI | 10.1016/j.morpho.2018.08.004 |
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Abstract | [Display omitted]
•The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) has an intra-bone path in the mandible inside the mandibular canal.•It is clinically important to know the constitution and microanatomy of this canal in maxilla-facial surgery and dental implantology.•The wall of the canal is made with thin plates of fenestrated trabecular bone (and not with cortical bone).•This was confirmed by microCT in both human and laboratory animals (mice, rats, rabbits) except in cats.•The IAN travels in the canal accompanied by lymphatic, venous and arterial vessels.•The wall of the canal are remodeled by bone cells as the trabecular bone of the mandible.
The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is a sensitive branch of the trigeminal nerve. It has an intra-bone path in the mandible, inside the mandibular canal, where it is accompanied by lymph, venous and arterial vessels. We have studied the mandibular canal in human mandibles and in some laboratory animals (mice, rats, rabbits and cats). Microcomputed tomography evidenced that the walls of the canal are made with thin plates of trabecular bone with numerous fenestrations. This aspect is evidenced in dentate subjects and become more evident in edentulous subjects with atrophy of the alveolar bone. In rats and mice, the wall of the canal is also clearly composed of trabecular plates coming from the surrounding alveolar bone of the mandible. In the rabbit, similar findings are also observed but the trajectory of the canal is more difficult to identify. In the cat, the floor of the canal is composed of the cortical bone from the basilar cortex of the mandible and the roof has a trabecular nature. Vascular injections of gelatin-barium evidenced the arterial trajectories inside the bone in rats and humans. Undecalcified bone sections in human evidenced the histological aspect of the IAN and its connective sheets. Some nervous bundles can be observed outside the epineurium. Bone remodeling is observed on the wall of the mandibular canal. These descriptive findings have a clinical relevance in dental implantology or mandibular surgery.
Le nerf alvéolaire inférieur (IAN) est une branche sensible du nerf trijumeau. Il a un trajet intra-osseux dans la mandibule, à l’intérieur du canal mandibulaire, où il est accompagné des vaisseaux lymphatiques, veineux et artériels. Nous avons étudié le canal mandibulaire dans des mandibules humaines et chez certains animaux de laboratoire (souris, rats, lapins et chats). La micro-tomodensitométrie aux rayons X montre que les parois du canal sont composées de fines plaques d’os trabéculaire avec de nombreuses perforations. Cet aspect est mis en évidence chez les sujets dentés et devient plus évident chez les sujets édentés qui ont une atrophie de l’os alvéolaire. Chez le rat et la souris, la paroi du canal est également clairement composée de plaques trabéculaires provenant de l’os alvéolaire environnant. Chez le lapin, des observations similaires sont également faites mais la trajectoire du canal est plus difficile à identifier. Chez le chat, le plancher du canal est composé d’os cortical du cortex basal de la mandibule et le toit présente une nature trabéculaire. Les injections intravasculaires de gélatine-baryum mettent en évidence les trajectoires artérielles à l’intérieur de l’os chez les rats et l’homme. Des coupes osseuses en histologie réalisée sans décalcification chez l’homme témoignent de l’aspect microscopique du IAN et de ses différentes enveloppes conjonctives. Certains faisceaux nerveux peuvent être observés en dehors de l’épinèvre. Le remodelage osseux est observé sur la paroi du canal mandibulaire. Ces résultats descriptifs ont une pertinence clinique en implantologie dentaire ou en chirurgie mandibulaire. |
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AbstractList | The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is a sensitive branch of the trigeminal nerve. It has an intra-bone path in the mandible, inside the mandibular canal, where it is accompanied by lymph, venous and arterial vessels. We have studied the mandibular canal in human mandibles and in some laboratory animals (mice, rats, rabbits and cats). Microcomputed tomography evidenced that the walls of the canal are made with thin plates of trabecular bone with numerous fenestrations. This aspect is evidenced in dentate subjects and become more evident in edentulous subjects with atrophy of the alveolar bone. In rats and mice, the wall of the canal is also clearly composed of trabecular plates coming from the surrounding alveolar bone of the mandible. In the rabbit, similar findings are also observed but the trajectory of the canal is more difficult to identify. In the cat, the floor of the canal is composed of the cortical bone from the basilar cortex of the mandible and the roof has a trabecular nature. Vascular injections of gelatin-barium evidenced the arterial trajectories inside the bone in rats and humans. Undecalcified bone sections in human evidenced the histological aspect of the IAN and its connective sheets. Some nervous bundles can be observed outside the epineurium. Bone remodeling is observed on the wall of the mandibular canal. These descriptive findings have a clinical relevance in dental implantology or mandibular surgery. The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is a sensitive branch of the trigeminal nerve. It has an intra-bone path in the mandible, inside the mandibular canal, where it is accompanied by lymph, venous and arterial vessels. We have studied the mandibular canal in human mandibles and in some laboratory animals (mice, rats, rabbits and cats). Microcomputed tomography evidenced that the walls of the canal are made with thin plates of trabecular bone with numerous fenestrations. This aspect is evidenced in dentate subjects and become more evident in edentulous subjects with atrophy of the alveolar bone. In rats and mice, the wall of the canal is also clearly composed of trabecular plates coming from the surrounding alveolar bone of the mandible. In the rabbit, similar findings are also observed but the trajectory of the canal is more difficult to identify. In the cat, the floor of the canal is composed of the cortical bone from the basilar cortex of the mandible and the roof has a trabecular nature. Vascular injections of gelatin-barium evidenced the arterial trajectories inside the bone in rats and humans. Undecalcified bone sections in human evidenced the histological aspect of the IAN and its connective sheets. Some nervous bundles can be observed outside the epineurium. Bone remodeling is observed on the wall of the mandibular canal. These descriptive findings have a clinical relevance in dental implantology or mandibular surgery.The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is a sensitive branch of the trigeminal nerve. It has an intra-bone path in the mandible, inside the mandibular canal, where it is accompanied by lymph, venous and arterial vessels. We have studied the mandibular canal in human mandibles and in some laboratory animals (mice, rats, rabbits and cats). Microcomputed tomography evidenced that the walls of the canal are made with thin plates of trabecular bone with numerous fenestrations. This aspect is evidenced in dentate subjects and become more evident in edentulous subjects with atrophy of the alveolar bone. In rats and mice, the wall of the canal is also clearly composed of trabecular plates coming from the surrounding alveolar bone of the mandible. In the rabbit, similar findings are also observed but the trajectory of the canal is more difficult to identify. In the cat, the floor of the canal is composed of the cortical bone from the basilar cortex of the mandible and the roof has a trabecular nature. Vascular injections of gelatin-barium evidenced the arterial trajectories inside the bone in rats and humans. Undecalcified bone sections in human evidenced the histological aspect of the IAN and its connective sheets. Some nervous bundles can be observed outside the epineurium. Bone remodeling is observed on the wall of the mandibular canal. These descriptive findings have a clinical relevance in dental implantology or mandibular surgery. The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is a sensitive branch of the trigeminal nerve. It has an intra-bone path in the mandible, inside the mandibular canal, where it is accompanied by lymph, venous and arterial vessels. We have studied the mandibular canal in human mandibles and in some laboratory animals (mice, rats, rabbits and cats). Microcomputed tomography evidenced that the walls of the canal are made with thin plates of trabecular bone with numerous fenestrations. This aspect is evidenced in dentate subjects and become more evident in edentulous subjects with atrophy of the alveolar bone. In rats and mice, the wall of the canal is also clearly composed of trabecular plates coming from the surrounding alveolar bone of the mandible. In the rabbit, similar findings are also observed but the trajectory of the canal is more difficult to identify. In the cat, the floor of the canal is composed of the cortical bone from the basilar cortex of the mandible and the roof has a trabecular nature. Vascular injections of gelatin-barium evidenced the arterial trajectories inside the bone in rats and humans. Undecalcified bone sections in human evidenced the histological aspect of the IAN and its connective sheets. Some nervous bundles can be observed outside the epineurium. Bone remodeling is observed on the wall of the mandibular canal. These descriptive findings have a clinical relevance in dental implantology or mandibular surgery. Le nerf alvéolaire inférieur (IAN) est une branche sensible du nerf trijumeau. Il a un trajet intra-osseux dans la mandibule, à l’intérieur du canal mandibulaire, où il est accompagné des vaisseaux lymphatiques, veineux et artériels. Nous avons étudié le canal mandibulaire dans des mandibules humaines et chez certains animaux de laboratoire (souris, rats, lapins et chats). La micro-tomodensitométrie aux rayons X montre que les parois du canal sont composées de fines plaques d’os trabéculaire avec de nombreuses perforations. Cet aspect est mis en évidence chez les sujets dentés et devient plus évident chez les sujets édentés qui ont une atrophie de l’os alvéolaire. Chez le rat et la souris, la paroi du canal est également clairement composée de plaques trabéculaires provenant de l’os alvéolaire environnant. Chez le lapin, des observations similaires sont également faites mais la trajectoire du canal est plus difficile à identifier. Chez le chat, le plancher du canal est composé d’os cortical du cortex basal de la mandibule et le toit présente une nature trabéculaire. Les injections intravasculaires de gélatine-baryum mettent en évidence les trajectoires artérielles à l’intérieur de l’os chez les rats et l’homme. Des coupes osseuses en histologie réalisée sans décalcification chez l’homme témoignent de l’aspect microscopique du IAN et de ses différentes enveloppes conjonctives. Certains faisceaux nerveux peuvent être observés en dehors de l’épinèvre. Le remodelage osseux est observé sur la paroi du canal mandibulaire. Ces résultats descriptifs ont une pertinence clinique en implantologie dentaire ou en chirurgie mandibulaire. [Display omitted] •The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) has an intra-bone path in the mandible inside the mandibular canal.•It is clinically important to know the constitution and microanatomy of this canal in maxilla-facial surgery and dental implantology.•The wall of the canal is made with thin plates of fenestrated trabecular bone (and not with cortical bone).•This was confirmed by microCT in both human and laboratory animals (mice, rats, rabbits) except in cats.•The IAN travels in the canal accompanied by lymphatic, venous and arterial vessels.•The wall of the canal are remodeled by bone cells as the trabecular bone of the mandible. The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is a sensitive branch of the trigeminal nerve. It has an intra-bone path in the mandible, inside the mandibular canal, where it is accompanied by lymph, venous and arterial vessels. We have studied the mandibular canal in human mandibles and in some laboratory animals (mice, rats, rabbits and cats). Microcomputed tomography evidenced that the walls of the canal are made with thin plates of trabecular bone with numerous fenestrations. This aspect is evidenced in dentate subjects and become more evident in edentulous subjects with atrophy of the alveolar bone. In rats and mice, the wall of the canal is also clearly composed of trabecular plates coming from the surrounding alveolar bone of the mandible. In the rabbit, similar findings are also observed but the trajectory of the canal is more difficult to identify. In the cat, the floor of the canal is composed of the cortical bone from the basilar cortex of the mandible and the roof has a trabecular nature. Vascular injections of gelatin-barium evidenced the arterial trajectories inside the bone in rats and humans. Undecalcified bone sections in human evidenced the histological aspect of the IAN and its connective sheets. Some nervous bundles can be observed outside the epineurium. Bone remodeling is observed on the wall of the mandibular canal. These descriptive findings have a clinical relevance in dental implantology or mandibular surgery. Le nerf alvéolaire inférieur (IAN) est une branche sensible du nerf trijumeau. Il a un trajet intra-osseux dans la mandibule, à l’intérieur du canal mandibulaire, où il est accompagné des vaisseaux lymphatiques, veineux et artériels. Nous avons étudié le canal mandibulaire dans des mandibules humaines et chez certains animaux de laboratoire (souris, rats, lapins et chats). La micro-tomodensitométrie aux rayons X montre que les parois du canal sont composées de fines plaques d’os trabéculaire avec de nombreuses perforations. Cet aspect est mis en évidence chez les sujets dentés et devient plus évident chez les sujets édentés qui ont une atrophie de l’os alvéolaire. Chez le rat et la souris, la paroi du canal est également clairement composée de plaques trabéculaires provenant de l’os alvéolaire environnant. Chez le lapin, des observations similaires sont également faites mais la trajectoire du canal est plus difficile à identifier. Chez le chat, le plancher du canal est composé d’os cortical du cortex basal de la mandibule et le toit présente une nature trabéculaire. Les injections intravasculaires de gélatine-baryum mettent en évidence les trajectoires artérielles à l’intérieur de l’os chez les rats et l’homme. Des coupes osseuses en histologie réalisée sans décalcification chez l’homme témoignent de l’aspect microscopique du IAN et de ses différentes enveloppes conjonctives. Certains faisceaux nerveux peuvent être observés en dehors de l’épinèvre. Le remodelage osseux est observé sur la paroi du canal mandibulaire. Ces résultats descriptifs ont une pertinence clinique en implantologie dentaire ou en chirurgie mandibulaire. |
Author | Guillaume, B. Kün-Darbois, J.-D. Aguado, E. Chappard, D. Mercier, P. |
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Keywords | MicroCT Nerve histology Vascular injection Mandibular canal Inferior alveolar nerve |
Language | English |
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•The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) has an intra-bone path in the mandible inside the mandibular canal.•It is clinically important to know the... The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is a sensitive branch of the trigeminal nerve. It has an intra-bone path in the mandible, inside the mandibular canal, where... |
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SubjectTerms | Animals Bone Remodeling Cancellous Bone - anatomy & histology Cancellous Bone - diagnostic imaging Cancellous Bone - physiology Cats Cortical Bone - anatomy & histology Cortical Bone - diagnostic imaging Cortical Bone - physiology Humans Imaging, Three-Dimensional Inferior alveolar nerve Life Sciences Mandible - diagnostic imaging Mandible - innervation Mandibular canal Mandibular Nerve - diagnostic imaging Mice MicroCT Models, Anatomic Nerve histology Rabbits Rats Rats, Wistar Vascular injection X-Ray Microtomography |
Title | Microcomputed tomography (microCT) and histology of the mandibular canal in human and laboratory animals |
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