Generic power flow algorithm for bipolar DC microgrids based on Newton–Raphson method
This paper proposes a generic power flow algorithm for bipolar DC microgrids based on the Newton–Raphson (NR) method. The bipolar DC microgrid has gained considerable attention for its effectiveness and reliability with regard to power supply. To date, however, power flow algorithms for bipolar DC n...
Saved in:
| Published in | International journal of electrical power & energy systems Vol. 142; p. 108357 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
01.11.2022
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0142-0615 1879-3517 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357 |
Cover
| Abstract | This paper proposes a generic power flow algorithm for bipolar DC microgrids based on the Newton–Raphson (NR) method. The bipolar DC microgrid has gained considerable attention for its effectiveness and reliability with regard to power supply. To date, however, power flow algorithms for bipolar DC networks have not been fully investigated and generalized, although power flow analysis is an essential tool, with diverse applications ranging from network design to real-time control. In this study, a current injection-based power flow algorithm is established that considers the grounding scheme and voltage control method of energy source. Six bus types are defined, depending on the grounding scheme and voltage control combination. The unknown pole voltages and equations to be iteratively solved are identified. Afterwards, the unknown pole voltages are updated via a single NR method, which makes the proposed method straightforward and efficient. The case study validates that the proposed power flow algorithm can find the bus voltages of each pole sufficiently close to the simulation results of PSCAD/EMTDC, while having a low computational burden.
•Generic power flow algorithm for bipolar DC microgrids is proposed.•Proposed algorithm considers grounding schemes and control modes of energy sources.•Proposed algorithm aids various power system applications for bipolar DC microgrids.•Developed method has high accuracy and low computation time with single NR method. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | This paper proposes a generic power flow algorithm for bipolar DC microgrids based on the Newton–Raphson (NR) method. The bipolar DC microgrid has gained considerable attention for its effectiveness and reliability with regard to power supply. To date, however, power flow algorithms for bipolar DC networks have not been fully investigated and generalized, although power flow analysis is an essential tool, with diverse applications ranging from network design to real-time control. In this study, a current injection-based power flow algorithm is established that considers the grounding scheme and voltage control method of energy source. Six bus types are defined, depending on the grounding scheme and voltage control combination. The unknown pole voltages and equations to be iteratively solved are identified. Afterwards, the unknown pole voltages are updated via a single NR method, which makes the proposed method straightforward and efficient. The case study validates that the proposed power flow algorithm can find the bus voltages of each pole sufficiently close to the simulation results of PSCAD/EMTDC, while having a low computational burden.
•Generic power flow algorithm for bipolar DC microgrids is proposed.•Proposed algorithm considers grounding schemes and control modes of energy sources.•Proposed algorithm aids various power system applications for bipolar DC microgrids.•Developed method has high accuracy and low computation time with single NR method. |
| ArticleNumber | 108357 |
| Author | Kim, Yun-Su Jeon, Jin-Hong Lee, Jin-Oh |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jin-Oh orcidid: 0000-0002-2566-7720 surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Jin-Oh organization: Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Gwangju 61751, Republic of Korea – sequence: 2 givenname: Yun-Su orcidid: 0000-0002-6803-929X surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Yun-Su email: yunsukim@gist.ac.kr organization: Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea – sequence: 3 givenname: Jin-Hong surname: Jeon fullname: Jeon, Jin-Hong organization: Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Gwangju 61751, Republic of Korea |
| BookMark | eNqFkMFKxDAURYMoODP6By7yAx2TtE1aF4KMOgqDgiguQ5K-zqR0mpIEB3f-g3_ol9ihrlzo6sGFc7nvTNFh5zpA6IySOSWUnzdz20APYc4IY0NUpLk4QBNaiDJJcyoO0YTQjCWE0_wYTUNoCCGizNgEvS6hA28N7t0OPK5bt8OqXTtv42aLa-extr1rlcfXC7y1xru1t1XAWgWosOvwA-yi674-Pp9UvwlDsIW4cdUJOqpVG-D0587Qy-3N8-IuWT0u7xdXq8SkhMcEhDJE51ldpLQcNhrKNGhdGFoLxqkYXqAVS3lRZVxzBSXTpVFpDkwYwssinaGLsXdYFoKHWhobVbSui17ZVlIi94pkI0dFcq9IjooGOPsF995ulX__D7scMRgee7PgZTAWOgOV9WCirJz9u-AblK-GEA |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3390_a15080277 crossref_primary_10_3390_en16041729 crossref_primary_10_3390_en17081822 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12667_023_00633_9 crossref_primary_10_3390_electronics11132034 crossref_primary_10_1049_gtd2_13080 crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2024_3352661 crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2023_3275083 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSII_2023_3264843 crossref_primary_10_3390_a15100341 crossref_primary_10_3390_en16093755 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11071_025_10880_3 crossref_primary_10_3390_en17081969 crossref_primary_10_3390_s23156704 crossref_primary_10_19053_uptc_01217488_v15_n2_2024_16851 crossref_primary_10_1049_rpg2_70003 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1109/TSG.2014.2308365 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2294198 10.1109/TPEL.2010.2077682 10.1109/TSG.2021.3121773 10.1109/MPE.2012.2212610 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2789522 10.3390/app9061074 10.3390/en13051053 10.1109/TSTE.2018.2864938 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2720666 10.1109/TPWRS.2011.2177867 10.1109/TSG.2017.2768392 10.1109/MELE.2016.2544238 10.1109/MELE.2013.2297033 10.1109/TPWRS.2020.3020039 10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2820430 10.1109/TSG.2020.2967353 10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106439 10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2866817 10.1109/ICDCM45535.2019.9232893 10.1109/TSG.2017.2754551 10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106558 10.1109/TSG.2017.2749435 10.1109/TPWRS.2020.3012815 10.1109/MPER.1989.4310642 10.1109/TSTE.2015.2502482 10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2504461 10.1109/TSG.2019.2927455 10.1109/59.387902 10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2236366 10.1109/TPWRS.2020.2986706 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2897640 10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2195785 10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106048 10.1109/TSG.2015.2478278 10.3390/en9121070 10.1109/TSG.2021.3064656 10.1109/TIA.2019.2928278 10.1109/TSG.2020.3046733 10.1109/JESTPE.2019.2915166 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2022 Elsevier Ltd |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2022 Elsevier Ltd |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 1879-3517 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_j_ijepes_2022_108357 S0142061522003738 |
| GroupedDBID | --K --M .~1 0R~ 0SF 1B1 1~. 1~5 29J 4.4 457 4G. 5GY 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JN AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAHCO AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AARJD AAXUO AAYFN ABBOA ABFNM ABJNI ABMAC ABTAH ABXDB ABYKQ ACDAQ ACGFS ACNNM ACRLP ACZNC ADBBV ADEZE ADJOM ADMUD ADTZH AEBSH AECPX AEKER AENEX AFKWA AFTJW AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AHIDL AHJVU AHZHX AI. AIALX AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ AOUOD ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BELTK BJAXD BKOJK BLXMC CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q GBLVA GBOLZ HVGLF HZ~ IHE J1W JARJE JJJVA K-O KOM LY6 LY7 M41 MO0 O-L O9- OAUVE OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- RIG ROL RPZ SAC SDF SDG SDP SES SET SEW SPC SPCBC SSR SST SSV SSZ T5K VH1 WUQ ZMT ZY4 ~02 ~G- AATTM AAXKI AAYWO AAYXX ABWVN ACLOT ACRPL ACVFH ADCNI ADNMO ADVLN AEIPS AEUPX AFJKZ AFPUW AGQPQ AIGII AIIUN AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ANKPU APXCP CITATION EFKBS GROUPED_DOAJ ~HD |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c306t-e7ac0b54f8319014c12bebb8c1f726171871d2368d46b6ae92b9ca35e27c06983 |
| IEDL.DBID | .~1 |
| ISSN | 0142-0615 |
| IngestDate | Thu Apr 24 23:16:11 EDT 2025 Thu Oct 02 04:26:06 EDT 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:39:03 EST 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | Power flow analysis Grounding Voltage balancer Bipolar DC microgrid Droop control Newton–Raphson |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c306t-e7ac0b54f8319014c12bebb8c1f726171871d2368d46b6ae92b9ca35e27c06983 |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2566-7720 0000-0002-6803-929X |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_ijepes_2022_108357 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2022_108357 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_ijepes_2022_108357 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | November 2022 2022-11-00 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2022-11-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 11 year: 2022 text: November 2022 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | International journal of electrical power & energy systems |
| PublicationYear | 2022 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd |
| References | Liu, Liu, Zhang, Su, Sun, Han (b27) 2021 Liu, Liu, Zhang, Su, Sun, Han (b29) 2020; 11 Pompodakis, Kryonidis, Demoulias, Alexiadis (b36) 2020; 36 Mackay, Guarnotta, Dimou, Morales-España, Ramirez-Elizondo, Bauer (b43) 2018; 6 Montoya, Grisales-Noreña, Gil-González (b24) 2019; 67 Zubieta (b3) 2016; 4 (b38) 2005 Vilaisarn, Abdelaziz (b15) 2020; 121 Xia, Su, Liu, Zheng, Zhang, Wang (b28) 2021; 13 Liu, Su, Sun, Zhang, Liang, Zheng (b30) 2021 Montoya, Garrido, Gil-González, Grisales-Noreña (b23) 2019; 66 Baran, Wu (b48) 1989; 9 Chandra, Singh, Pant (b40) 2020; 187 Zhang, Liang, Tang, Li, Cai, Sheng (b2) 2018; 10 Bergen (b10) 2009 Diaz, Gomez-Aleixandre, Coto (b11) 2015; 7 Hameed, Hosani, Zeineldin (b14) 2017; 10 Zhang, Meng, Shotorbani, Wang (b21) 2020; 36 Abdelaziz, Farag, El-Saadany, Mohamed (b12) 2012; 28 Aprilia, Meng, Hosani, Zeineldin, Dong (b34) 2017; 10 Hamad, Azzouz, Saadany (b31) 2015; 31 Li, Wang, Liu, Li, Wen (b35) 2021; 126 Lee, Kim, Moon (b37) 2020; 12 Dragicevic, Vasquez, Guerrero, Skrlec (b4) 2014; 2 Liao, Zhou, Wang, Chi (b41) 2021 Cho J, Kim H, Cho Y, Kim H, Kim J. Demonstration of a DC Microgrid with Central Operation Strategies on an Island. In: 2019 IEEE Third international conference on DC microgrids. 2019, p. 1–5. Nuutinen, Kaipia, Peltoniemi, Lana, Pinomaa, Mattsson (b7) 2014; 5 Liu, Zhang, Su, Sun, Han, Wang (b26) 2020; 35 Cheng, Shirmohammadi (b9) 1995; 10 Kakigano, Miura, Ise (b5) 2010; 25 Wang, Barnes (b19) 2014; 29 Li, He, Zhang, Zhang (b17) 2020; 13 Mohammadi, Ajaei, Stevens (b39) 2019; 55 Dutto, Masetti, Chiaradonna, Giandomenico (b44) 2019; 34 Purgat, Shekhar, Qin, Bauer (b46) 2022 Kumar, Das, Mallipeddi (b16) 2021 Purgat, Blij, Qin, Bauer (b45) 2019; 8 Kim, Kim, Cho, Kim, Cho (b8) 2019; 9 Baradar, Ghandhari (b20) 2013; 28 Mumtaz, Syed, Hosani, Zeineldin (b13) 2015; 7 Beerten, Cole, Belmans (b18) 2012; 27 Allam, Hamad, Kazerani (b33) 2018; 10 Ahmed, Eltantawy, Salama (b32) 2017; 33 Patterson (b1) 2012; 10 Taheri, Kekatos (b22) 2019; 11 Hwang, Kim, Kim (b47) 2016; 9 Garcés (b25) 2018; 33 Chew, Xu, Wu (b42) 2018; 34 Beerten (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b18) 2012; 27 Liu (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b30) 2021 Patterson (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b1) 2012; 10 Liu (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b27) 2021 Abdelaziz (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b12) 2012; 28 Purgat (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b45) 2019; 8 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b6 Kumar (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b16) 2021 Pompodakis (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b36) 2020; 36 Dragicevic (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b4) 2014; 2 Aprilia (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b34) 2017; 10 Lee (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b37) 2020; 12 Purgat (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b46) 2022 Diaz (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b11) 2015; 7 Montoya (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b23) 2019; 66 Zubieta (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b3) 2016; 4 Dutto (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b44) 2019; 34 Kim (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b8) 2019; 9 Wang (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b19) 2014; 29 Mumtaz (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b13) 2015; 7 Zhang (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b2) 2018; 10 Zhang (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b21) 2020; 36 Hwang (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b47) 2016; 9 (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b38) 2005 Hameed (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b14) 2017; 10 Baran (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b48) 1989; 9 Bergen (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b10) 2009 Xia (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b28) 2021; 13 Chandra (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b40) 2020; 187 Hamad (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b31) 2015; 31 Taheri (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b22) 2019; 11 Li (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b35) 2021; 126 Mohammadi (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b39) 2019; 55 Vilaisarn (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b15) 2020; 121 Garcés (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b25) 2018; 33 Nuutinen (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b7) 2014; 5 Liu (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b26) 2020; 35 Cheng (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b9) 1995; 10 Li (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b17) 2020; 13 Mackay (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b43) 2018; 6 Ahmed (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b32) 2017; 33 Allam (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b33) 2018; 10 Chew (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b42) 2018; 34 Kakigano (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b5) 2010; 25 Liu (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b29) 2020; 11 Montoya (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b24) 2019; 67 Liao (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b41) 2021 Baradar (10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b20) 2013; 28 |
| References_xml | – volume: 9 start-page: 1070 year: 2016 ident: b47 article-title: A decentralized control method for distributed generations in an islanded dc microgrid considering voltage drop compensation and durable state of charge publication-title: Energies – volume: 10 start-page: 1248 year: 2018 end-page: 1261 ident: b33 article-title: A sequence-component-based power-flow analysis for unbalanced droop-controlled hybrid AC/DC microgrids publication-title: IEEE Trans Sustain Energy – volume: 8 start-page: 2430 year: 2019 end-page: 2444 ident: b45 article-title: Partially rated power flow control converter modeling for low-voltage DC grids publication-title: IEEE J Emerg Sel Top Power Electr – volume: 67 start-page: 1094 year: 2019 end-page: 1098 ident: b24 article-title: Triangular matrix formulation for power flow analysis in radial DC resistive grids with CPLs publication-title: IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs – volume: 29 start-page: 1721 year: 2014 end-page: 1730 ident: b19 article-title: Power flow algorithms for multi-terminal VSC-HVDC with droop control publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst – volume: 28 start-page: 2376 year: 2013 end-page: 2383 ident: b20 article-title: A multi-option unified power flow approach for hybrid AC/DC grids incorporating multi-terminal VSC-HVDC publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst – volume: 36 start-page: 744 year: 2020 end-page: 756 ident: b21 article-title: Minimization of AC-DC grid transmission loss and DC voltage deviation using adaptive droop control and improved AC-DC power flow algorithm publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst – volume: 7 start-page: 2208 year: 2015 end-page: 2217 ident: b11 article-title: Direct backward/forward sweep algorithm for solving load power flows in AC droop-regulated microgrids publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid – volume: 66 start-page: 1865 year: 2019 end-page: 1869 ident: b23 article-title: Power flow analysis in DC grids: Two alternative numerical methods publication-title: IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs – volume: 28 start-page: 190 year: 2012 end-page: 201 ident: b12 article-title: A novel and generalized three-phase power flow algorithm for islanded microgrids using a newton trust region method publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst – volume: 27 start-page: 821 year: 2012 end-page: 829 ident: b18 article-title: Generalized steady-state VSC MTDC model for sequential AC/DC power flow algorithms publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst – year: 2021 ident: b30 article-title: A comprehensive study on existence and stability of equilibria of DC distribution networks with constant power loads publication-title: IEEE Trans Autom Control – volume: 9 start-page: 101 year: 1989 end-page: 102 ident: b48 article-title: Network reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing publication-title: IEEE Power Eng Rev – start-page: 2 year: 2022 end-page: 16 ident: b46 article-title: Low-voltage dc system building blocks: Integrated power flow control and short circuit protection publication-title: IEEE Ind Electr Mag – volume: 10 start-page: 60 year: 2012 end-page: 69 ident: b1 article-title: Dc come home: Dc microgrids and the birth of the enernet publication-title: IEEE Power Energy Mag – volume: 11 start-page: 2771 year: 2020 end-page: 2781 ident: b29 article-title: Feasible power-flow solution analysis of DC microgrids under droop control publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid – volume: 11 start-page: 634 year: 2019 end-page: 643 ident: b22 article-title: Power flow solvers for direct current networks publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid – year: 2021 ident: b41 article-title: Load-switching strategy for voltage balancing of bipolar DC distribution networks based on optimal automatic commutation algorithm publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid – volume: 4 start-page: 37 year: 2016 end-page: 44 ident: b3 article-title: Are microgrids the future of energy?: DC microgrids from concept to demonstration to deployment publication-title: IEEE Electr Mag – year: 2005 ident: b38 article-title: Low-voltage electrical installations–part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of general characteristics, definitions – volume: 12 start-page: 1918 year: 2020 end-page: 1928 ident: b37 article-title: Current injection power flow analysis and optimal generation dispatch for bipolar DC microgrids publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid – reference: Cho J, Kim H, Cho Y, Kim H, Kim J. Demonstration of a DC Microgrid with Central Operation Strategies on an Island. In: 2019 IEEE Third international conference on DC microgrids. 2019, p. 1–5. – volume: 9 start-page: 1074 year: 2019 ident: b8 article-title: Application of a DC distribution system in Korea: A case study of the LVDC project publication-title: Appl Sci – volume: 55 start-page: 4490 year: 2019 end-page: 4499 ident: b39 article-title: Grounding the DC microgrid publication-title: IEEE Trans Ind Appl – volume: 10 start-page: 1477 year: 2018 end-page: 1487 ident: b2 article-title: Converting AC distribution lines to DC to increase transfer capacities and DG penetration publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid – volume: 33 start-page: 5770 year: 2018 end-page: 5777 ident: b25 article-title: On the convergence of Newton’s method in power flow studies for DC microgrids publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst – volume: 31 start-page: 3961 year: 2015 end-page: 3970 ident: b31 article-title: A sequential power flow algorithm for islanded hybrid AC/DC microgrids publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst – year: 2021 ident: b27 article-title: Further results on Newton–Raphson method in feasible power-flow for DC distribution networks publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Deliv – volume: 34 start-page: 2577 year: 2019 end-page: 2587 ident: b44 article-title: On extending and comparing newton–raphson variants for solving power-flow equations publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst – volume: 34 start-page: 28 year: 2018 end-page: 39 ident: b42 article-title: Voltage balancing for bipolar DC distribution grids: A power flow based binary integer multi-objective optimization approach publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst – volume: 2 start-page: 54 year: 2014 end-page: 65 ident: b4 article-title: Advanced LVDC electrical power architectures and microgrids: A step toward a new generation of power distribution networks publication-title: IEEE Electr Mag – year: 2009 ident: b10 article-title: Power systems analysis – volume: 5 start-page: 2574 year: 2014 end-page: 2582 ident: b7 article-title: Research site for low-voltage direct current distribution in a utility network—structure, functions, and operation publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid – volume: 25 start-page: 3066 year: 2010 end-page: 3075 ident: b5 article-title: Low-voltage bipolar-type DC microgrid for super high quality distribution publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Electr – volume: 10 start-page: 671 year: 1995 end-page: 679 ident: b9 article-title: A three-phase power flow method for real-time distribution system analysis publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst – volume: 10 start-page: 910 year: 2017 end-page: 918 ident: b14 article-title: A modified backward/forward sweep load flow method for islanded radial microgrids publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid – volume: 10 start-page: 639 year: 2017 end-page: 649 ident: b34 article-title: Unified power flow algorithm for standalone AC/DC hybrid microgrids publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid – volume: 7 start-page: 493 year: 2015 end-page: 503 ident: b13 article-title: A novel approach to solve power flow for islanded microgrids using modified Newton raphson with droop control of DG publication-title: IEEE Trans Sustain Energy – volume: 6 start-page: 5199 year: 2018 end-page: 5207 ident: b43 article-title: Optimal power flow for unbalanced bipolar DC distribution grids publication-title: IEEE Access – volume: 121 year: 2020 ident: b15 article-title: An inversion-free sparse zbus power flow algorithm for large-scale droop controlled islanded microgrids publication-title: Int J Electr Power Energy Syst – volume: 187 year: 2020 ident: b40 article-title: Protection techniques for DC microgrid-A review publication-title: Electr Power Syst Res – volume: 13 start-page: 1053 year: 2020 ident: b17 article-title: Universal power flow algorithm for bipolar multi-terminal VSC-HVDC publication-title: Energies – volume: 126 year: 2021 ident: b35 article-title: Research on power flow calculation method of true bipolar VSC-HVDC grids with different operation modes and control strategies publication-title: Int J Electr Power Energy Syst – year: 2021 ident: b16 article-title: An inversion-free robust power flow algorithm for microgrids publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid – volume: 33 start-page: 2117 year: 2017 end-page: 2127 ident: b32 article-title: A generalized approach to the load flow analysis of AC–DC hybrid distribution systems publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst – volume: 36 start-page: 1107 year: 2020 end-page: 1120 ident: b36 article-title: A generic power flow algorithm for unbalanced islanded hybrid ac/dc microgrids publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst – volume: 35 start-page: 4100 year: 2020 end-page: 4103 ident: b26 article-title: Convergence analysis of Newton-raphson method in feasible power-flow for DC network publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst – volume: 13 start-page: 139 year: 2021 end-page: 148 ident: b28 article-title: Feasible power-flow solution analysis of DC microgrid considering distributed generations under MPPT control publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid – year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b38 – volume: 5 start-page: 2574 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b7 article-title: Research site for low-voltage direct current distribution in a utility network—structure, functions, and operation publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid doi: 10.1109/TSG.2014.2308365 – volume: 29 start-page: 1721 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b19 article-title: Power flow algorithms for multi-terminal VSC-HVDC with droop control publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2294198 – volume: 25 start-page: 3066 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b5 article-title: Low-voltage bipolar-type DC microgrid for super high quality distribution publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Electr doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2010.2077682 – volume: 13 start-page: 139 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b28 article-title: Feasible power-flow solution analysis of DC microgrid considering distributed generations under MPPT control publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid doi: 10.1109/TSG.2021.3121773 – year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b27 article-title: Further results on Newton–Raphson method in feasible power-flow for DC distribution networks publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Deliv – volume: 10 start-page: 60 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b1 article-title: Dc come home: Dc microgrids and the birth of the enernet publication-title: IEEE Power Energy Mag doi: 10.1109/MPE.2012.2212610 – volume: 6 start-page: 5199 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b43 article-title: Optimal power flow for unbalanced bipolar DC distribution grids publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2789522 – volume: 9 start-page: 1074 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b8 article-title: Application of a DC distribution system in Korea: A case study of the LVDC project publication-title: Appl Sci doi: 10.3390/app9061074 – volume: 13 start-page: 1053 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b17 article-title: Universal power flow algorithm for bipolar multi-terminal VSC-HVDC publication-title: Energies doi: 10.3390/en13051053 – volume: 10 start-page: 1248 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b33 article-title: A sequence-component-based power-flow analysis for unbalanced droop-controlled hybrid AC/DC microgrids publication-title: IEEE Trans Sustain Energy doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2018.2864938 – volume: 33 start-page: 2117 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b32 article-title: A generalized approach to the load flow analysis of AC–DC hybrid distribution systems publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2017.2720666 – year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b10 – volume: 27 start-page: 821 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b18 article-title: Generalized steady-state VSC MTDC model for sequential AC/DC power flow algorithms publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2011.2177867 – start-page: 2 year: 2022 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b46 article-title: Low-voltage dc system building blocks: Integrated power flow control and short circuit protection publication-title: IEEE Ind Electr Mag – volume: 10 start-page: 1477 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b2 article-title: Converting AC distribution lines to DC to increase transfer capacities and DG penetration publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid doi: 10.1109/TSG.2017.2768392 – volume: 4 start-page: 37 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b3 article-title: Are microgrids the future of energy?: DC microgrids from concept to demonstration to deployment publication-title: IEEE Electr Mag doi: 10.1109/MELE.2016.2544238 – volume: 2 start-page: 54 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b4 article-title: Advanced LVDC electrical power architectures and microgrids: A step toward a new generation of power distribution networks publication-title: IEEE Electr Mag doi: 10.1109/MELE.2013.2297033 – year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b30 article-title: A comprehensive study on existence and stability of equilibria of DC distribution networks with constant power loads publication-title: IEEE Trans Autom Control – volume: 36 start-page: 744 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b21 article-title: Minimization of AC-DC grid transmission loss and DC voltage deviation using adaptive droop control and improved AC-DC power flow algorithm publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2020.3020039 – volume: 66 start-page: 1865 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b23 article-title: Power flow analysis in DC grids: Two alternative numerical methods publication-title: IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs – volume: 33 start-page: 5770 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b25 article-title: On the convergence of Newton’s method in power flow studies for DC microgrids publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2820430 – volume: 11 start-page: 2771 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b29 article-title: Feasible power-flow solution analysis of DC microgrids under droop control publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid doi: 10.1109/TSG.2020.2967353 – volume: 187 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b40 article-title: Protection techniques for DC microgrid-A review publication-title: Electr Power Syst Res doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106439 – volume: 67 start-page: 1094 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b24 article-title: Triangular matrix formulation for power flow analysis in radial DC resistive grids with CPLs publication-title: IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs – volume: 34 start-page: 28 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b42 article-title: Voltage balancing for bipolar DC distribution grids: A power flow based binary integer multi-objective optimization approach publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2866817 – ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b6 doi: 10.1109/ICDCM45535.2019.9232893 – volume: 10 start-page: 910 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b14 article-title: A modified backward/forward sweep load flow method for islanded radial microgrids publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid doi: 10.1109/TSG.2017.2754551 – volume: 126 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b35 article-title: Research on power flow calculation method of true bipolar VSC-HVDC grids with different operation modes and control strategies publication-title: Int J Electr Power Energy Syst doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106558 – year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b41 article-title: Load-switching strategy for voltage balancing of bipolar DC distribution networks based on optimal automatic commutation algorithm publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid – volume: 10 start-page: 639 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b34 article-title: Unified power flow algorithm for standalone AC/DC hybrid microgrids publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid doi: 10.1109/TSG.2017.2749435 – volume: 36 start-page: 1107 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b36 article-title: A generic power flow algorithm for unbalanced islanded hybrid ac/dc microgrids publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2020.3012815 – volume: 9 start-page: 101 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b48 article-title: Network reconfiguration in distribution systems for loss reduction and load balancing publication-title: IEEE Power Eng Rev doi: 10.1109/MPER.1989.4310642 – volume: 7 start-page: 493 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b13 article-title: A novel approach to solve power flow for islanded microgrids using modified Newton raphson with droop control of DG publication-title: IEEE Trans Sustain Energy doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2015.2502482 – volume: 31 start-page: 3961 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b31 article-title: A sequential power flow algorithm for islanded hybrid AC/DC microgrids publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2504461 – volume: 11 start-page: 634 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b22 article-title: Power flow solvers for direct current networks publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid doi: 10.1109/TSG.2019.2927455 – volume: 10 start-page: 671 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b9 article-title: A three-phase power flow method for real-time distribution system analysis publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst doi: 10.1109/59.387902 – volume: 28 start-page: 2376 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b20 article-title: A multi-option unified power flow approach for hybrid AC/DC grids incorporating multi-terminal VSC-HVDC publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2236366 – volume: 35 start-page: 4100 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b26 article-title: Convergence analysis of Newton-raphson method in feasible power-flow for DC network publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2020.2986706 – volume: 34 start-page: 2577 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b44 article-title: On extending and comparing newton–raphson variants for solving power-flow equations publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2897640 – volume: 28 start-page: 190 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b12 article-title: A novel and generalized three-phase power flow algorithm for islanded microgrids using a newton trust region method publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Syst doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2195785 – volume: 121 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b15 article-title: An inversion-free sparse zbus power flow algorithm for large-scale droop controlled islanded microgrids publication-title: Int J Electr Power Energy Syst doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106048 – volume: 7 start-page: 2208 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b11 article-title: Direct backward/forward sweep algorithm for solving load power flows in AC droop-regulated microgrids publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid doi: 10.1109/TSG.2015.2478278 – volume: 9 start-page: 1070 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b47 article-title: A decentralized control method for distributed generations in an islanded dc microgrid considering voltage drop compensation and durable state of charge publication-title: Energies doi: 10.3390/en9121070 – year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b16 article-title: An inversion-free robust power flow algorithm for microgrids publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid doi: 10.1109/TSG.2021.3064656 – volume: 55 start-page: 4490 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b39 article-title: Grounding the DC microgrid publication-title: IEEE Trans Ind Appl doi: 10.1109/TIA.2019.2928278 – volume: 12 start-page: 1918 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b37 article-title: Current injection power flow analysis and optimal generation dispatch for bipolar DC microgrids publication-title: IEEE Trans Smart Grid doi: 10.1109/TSG.2020.3046733 – volume: 8 start-page: 2430 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357_b45 article-title: Partially rated power flow control converter modeling for low-voltage DC grids publication-title: IEEE J Emerg Sel Top Power Electr doi: 10.1109/JESTPE.2019.2915166 |
| SSID | ssj0007942 |
| Score | 2.480249 |
| Snippet | This paper proposes a generic power flow algorithm for bipolar DC microgrids based on the Newton–Raphson (NR) method. The bipolar DC microgrid has gained... |
| SourceID | crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 108357 |
| SubjectTerms | Bipolar DC microgrid Droop control Grounding Newton–Raphson Power flow analysis Voltage balancer |
| Title | Generic power flow algorithm for bipolar DC microgrids based on Newton–Raphson method |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108357 |
| Volume | 142 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Baden-Württemberg Complete Freedom Collection (Elsevier) customDbUrl: eissn: 1879-3517 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0007942 issn: 0142-0615 databaseCode: GBLVA dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier ScienceDirect customDbUrl: eissn: 1879-3517 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0007942 issn: 0142-0615 databaseCode: .~1 dateStart: 19950101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Complete Freedom Collection [SCCMFC] customDbUrl: eissn: 1879-3517 dateEnd: 20230930 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0007942 issn: 0142-0615 databaseCode: ACRLP dateStart: 19950201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier – providerCode: PRVESC databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals [SCFCJ] customDbUrl: eissn: 1879-3517 dateEnd: 20230930 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0007942 issn: 0142-0615 databaseCode: AIKHN dateStart: 19950201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com providerName: Elsevier – providerCode: PRVLSH databaseName: Elsevier Journals customDbUrl: mediaType: online eissn: 1879-3517 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0007942 issn: 0142-0615 databaseCode: AKRWK dateStart: 19790101 isFulltext: true providerName: Library Specific Holdings |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LS8NAEF5KvehBfGJ9lD14jU12k93kWKqlKvQgFnsL2c1um9ImoVa8if_Bf-gvcScPrSAKHrPZCeFjmG8GvplB6JwrX5tKg1k-9YVl-FpZwtCeJVyH64DaWupCbTFkg5F7M_bGDdSre2FAVlnF_jKmF9G6OulUaHbyJOmALIkAIRPQV3EKDb-uy2GLwcXLl8zD-BspZYwEthh4dftcofFKZipXMLSbEBDbUSCpn-hpjXL6O2i7yhVxt_ydXdRQ6R7aWpsguI8eirHRicQ5bDvDep4942g-yUzJP11gk5BikeRQveLLHl6A-G6yTOJHDOQV4yzFJsiZ7O_99e0uyqcm98blSukDNOpf3fcGVrUrwZIm6V9ZikfSFp6rfQoU70qHCCWELx3NYei6YwqjmFDmxy4TLFIBEYGMqKcIlzYLfHqImmmWqiOEufY8zVgAb13HXGURCbhtx-YTKoqcFqI1RKGsBonDPot5WCvGZmEJbAjAhiWwLWR9WuXlII0_7vMa_fCbQ4Qm1v9qefxvyxO0CU9lq-Epaq6WT-rM5Bwr0S6cqo02ute3g-EHuITWWw |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3JTsMwELVKOQAHxCrK6gPX0MRO7OSIClWB0gNqRW9R7Ng0VZeoFHFD_AN_yJfgyQJFQiBxjT1W9DSaNyO9mUHolCtfm0qDWT71hWX4WlnC0J4lXIfrgNpa6kxt0WGtnnvd9_oV1Ch7YUBWWcT-PKZn0br4Ui_QrKdJUgdZEgFCJqCv4tRfQsuuRzhUYGcvXzoP43Ak1zESWGPglf1zmcgrGapUwdRuQkBtR4GlfuKnBc5pbqD1IlnE5_n_bKKKmmyhtYURgtvoPpsbnUicwrozrEfTZxyNHqam5h-MsclIsUhSKF_xRQOPQX33MEviRwzsFePpBJsoZ9K_99e3uygdmOQb5zuld1CvedlttKxiWYIlTdY_txSPpC08V_sUON6VDhFKCF86msPUdcdURjGhzI9dJlikAiICGVFPES5tFvh0F1Un04naQ5hrz9OMBXDqOuYqi0jAbTs2T6gocmqIlhCFspgkDgstRmEpGRuGObAhABvmwNaQ9WmV5pM0_rjPS_TDbx4RmmD_q-X-vy1P0Eqre9sO21edmwO0Cid53-Ehqs5nT-rIJCBzcZw52AfUntfw |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Generic+power+flow+algorithm+for+bipolar+DC+microgrids+based+on+Newton%E2%80%93Raphson+method&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+electrical+power+%26+energy+systems&rft.au=Lee%2C+Jin-Oh&rft.au=Kim%2C+Yun-Su&rft.au=Jeon%2C+Jin-Hong&rft.date=2022-11-01&rft.issn=0142-0615&rft.volume=142&rft.spage=108357&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijepes.2022.108357&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1016_j_ijepes_2022_108357 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0142-0615&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0142-0615&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0142-0615&client=summon |