Recognition of emotional expressions of a face depending on the professional activity of an observer: an experimental study

Context and relevance. In addition to the biological adaptive function, emotions have a significant socio-psychological and communicative role. Accurate recognition of facial expressions and gestures is of great importance for successful communication in social interactions. Objective. The research...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inPsihologičeskaâ nauka i obrazovanie Vol. 30; no. 3; pp. 59 - 71
Main Authors Todić Jakšić, T., Pavićević, M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Moscow State University of Psychology and Education 01.01.2025
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1814-2052
2311-7273
2311-7273
DOI10.17759/pse.2025300305

Cover

Abstract Context and relevance. In addition to the biological adaptive function, emotions have a significant socio-psychological and communicative role. Accurate recognition of facial expressions and gestures is of great importance for successful communication in social interactions. Objective. The research aimed to determine the differences in the accuracy of emotion recognition, based on facial expression, between students of the Faculty of Medicine (FM) and students of the Faculty of Technical Sciences (FTS). Hypothesis. It is assumed that faculty students from helping professions (FM) will recognize emotions more accurately than faculty students from the field of non-helping professions (FTS). Methods and materials. The sample consisted of students of both genders (N = 145, of which 74 were from the FM, and 71 from the FTS). The Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE) instrument was used in the research, which contains 56 photos, i.e. eight photos for each of the seven emotions: anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. Results. Respondents studying FM are more successful in accurately recognizing emotions such as anger, contempt, disgust, fear, and surprise compared to respondents studying FTS. However, subjects studying at FTS are more successful in the accuracy of recognizing the emotion of happiness compared to subjects studying FM. In the accuracy of recognizing the emotion of sadness, there is no statistically significant difference between these two groups of respondents. Conclusions. Based on the obtained data, it can be assumed that students who chose a faculty related to the provision of medical services are more interested in people, their emotional state and social interaction. Perhaps, such students have a deeper understanding of interpersonal interaction than students studying in the faculties of non-helping professions, which are more oriented towards working with objects. Контекст и актуальность. Помимо биологической адаптивной функции, эмоции имеют значимую социально-психологическую и коммуникативную роль. Точное распознавание лицевой экспрессии и жестов имеет большое значение для успешного общения в социальных взаимодействиях. Цель. Выявление различий в точности распознавания эмоций по лицевым экспрессиям между студентами медицинского факультета (МФ) и факультета технических наук (ФТН). Гипотеза. Предполагается, что студенты, обучающиеся в области помогающих профессий (МФ), распознают эмоции с большей точностью, чем студенты, представляющие непомогающие профессии (ФТН). Методы и материалы. В исследовании приняли участие 145 студентов обоих полов: 74 человека из МФ и 71 - из ФТН. В качестве инструмента использовался тест «Японские и кавказские выражения эмоций на лице» (The Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion, JACFEE), включающий 56 фотографий - по восемь изображений для каждой из семи эмоций: гнев, презрение, отвращение, страх, счастье, грусть и удивление. Результаты. Cтуденты МФ точнее распознают эмоции гнева, презрения, отвращения, страха и удивления. В то же время студенты ФТН успешнее идентифицируют эмоцию счастья. Между группами не выявлено статистически значимых различий в точности распознавания эмоции грусти. Выводы. Исходя из полученных данных, можно предположить, что студенты, выбравшие факультет, связанный с оказанием медицинских услуг, более заинтересованы в людях, их эмоциональном состоянии и социальном взаимодействии. Возможно, такие студенты имеют более глубокое понимание межличностного взаимодействия, чем студенты, обучающиеся на факультетах непомогающих профессий, которые в большей степени ориентированы на работу с предметами.
AbstractList Context and relevance. In addition to the biological adaptive function, emotions have a significant socio-psychological and communicative role. Accurate recognition of facial expressions and gestures is of great importance for successful communication in social interactions. Objective. The research aimed to determine the differences in the accuracy of emotion recognition, based on facial expression, between students of the Faculty of Medicine (FM) and students of the Faculty of Technical Sciences (FTS). Hypothesis. It is assumed that faculty students from helping professions (FM) will recognize emotions more accurately than faculty students from the field of non-helping professions (FTS). Methods and materials. The sample consisted of students of both genders (N = 145, of which 74 were from the FM, and 71 from the FTS). The Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE) instrument was used in the research, which contains 56 photos, i.e. eight photos for each of the seven emotions: anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. Results. Respondents studying FM are more successful in accurately recognizing emotions such as anger, contempt, disgust, fear, and surprise compared to respondents studying FTS. However, subjects studying at FTS are more successful in the accuracy of recognizing the emotion of happiness compared to subjects studying FM. In the accuracy of recognizing the emotion of sadness, there is no statistically significant difference between these two groups of respondents. Conclusions. Based on the obtained data, it can be assumed that students who chose a faculty related to the provision of medical services are more interested in people, their emotional state and social interaction. Perhaps, such students have a deeper understanding of interpersonal interaction than students studying in the faculties of non-helping professions, which are more oriented towards working with objects. Контекст и актуальность. Помимо биологической адаптивной функции, эмоции имеют значимую социально-психологическую и коммуникативную роль. Точное распознавание лицевой экспрессии и жестов имеет большое значение для успешного общения в социальных взаимодействиях. Цель. Выявление различий в точности распознавания эмоций по лицевым экспрессиям между студентами медицинского факультета (МФ) и факультета технических наук (ФТН). Гипотеза. Предполагается, что студенты, обучающиеся в области помогающих профессий (МФ), распознают эмоции с большей точностью, чем студенты, представляющие непомогающие профессии (ФТН). Методы и материалы. В исследовании приняли участие 145 студентов обоих полов: 74 человека из МФ и 71 - из ФТН. В качестве инструмента использовался тест «Японские и кавказские выражения эмоций на лице» (The Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion, JACFEE), включающий 56 фотографий - по восемь изображений для каждой из семи эмоций: гнев, презрение, отвращение, страх, счастье, грусть и удивление. Результаты. Cтуденты МФ точнее распознают эмоции гнева, презрения, отвращения, страха и удивления. В то же время студенты ФТН успешнее идентифицируют эмоцию счастья. Между группами не выявлено статистически значимых различий в точности распознавания эмоции грусти. Выводы. Исходя из полученных данных, можно предположить, что студенты, выбравшие факультет, связанный с оказанием медицинских услуг, более заинтересованы в людях, их эмоциональном состоянии и социальном взаимодействии. Возможно, такие студенты имеют более глубокое понимание межличностного взаимодействия, чем студенты, обучающиеся на факультетах непомогающих профессий, которые в большей степени ориентированы на работу с предметами.
Context and relevance. In addition to the biological adaptive function, emotions have a significant socio-psychological and communicative role. Accurate recognition of facial expressions and gestures is of great importance for successful communication in social interactions. Objective. The research aimed to determine the differences in the accuracy of emotion recognition, based on facial expression, between students of the Faculty of Medicine (FM) and students of the Faculty of Technical Sciences (FTS). Hypothesis. It is assumed that faculty students from helping professions (FM) will recognize emotions more accurately than faculty students from the field of non-helping professions (FTS). Methods and materials. The sample consisted of students of both genders (N = 145, of which 74 were from the FM, and 71 from the FTS). The Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE) instrument was used in the research, which contains 56 photos, i.e. eight photos for each of the seven emotions: anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. Results. Respondents studying FM are more successful in accurately recognizing emotions such as anger, contempt, disgust, fear, and surprise compared to respondents studying FTS. However, subjects studying at FTS are more successful in the accuracy of recognizing the emotion of happiness compared to subjects studying FM. In the accuracy of recognizing the emotion of sadness, there is no statistically significant difference between these two groups of respondents. Conclusions. Based on the obtained data, it can be assumed that students who chose a faculty related to the provision of medical services are more interested in people, their emotional state and social interaction. Perhaps, such students have a deeper understanding of interpersonal interaction than students studying in the faculties of non-helping professions, which are more oriented towards working with objects.
Author Pavićević, M.
Todić Jakšić, T.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: T.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1060-568X
  surname: Todić Jakšić
  fullname: Todić Jakšić, T.
  organization: University of Priština in Kosovska Mitrovica
– sequence: 2
  givenname: M.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8685-2495
  surname: Pavićević
  fullname: Pavićević, M.
  organization: University of Priština in Kosovska Mitrovica
BookMark eNqFkc1qGzEUhUVxoU7qdbfzAhNf_Y1msguhSQ2BQGnXg0a6clXG0iCN3Zi8fGW7NMus9He-7wrOFVmEGJCQLxRuqFKyW08ZbxgwyQE4yA9kyTiltWKKL8iStlTUDCT7RFY5-wGAtQwawZbk9TuauA1-9jFU0VW4i6etHit8mRKWdAz59KArpw1WFicM1odtVfLzL6ymFN0lVhhtZn_w8_EMFN-QMR0w3Z4OxYfJ7zDMJZjnvT1-Jh-dHjOu_q3X5OfD1x_33-qn58fN_d1TbTiIuaYahe0GK2zbamTCSDTMSN1JaxXYoW06GJyxg5aMucYpAyDACsqVY2gtvyabi9dG_bufyid0OvZR-_58EdO212n2ZsReoMJB8cY0HZZBpjNUdoqrMpvZlpvigotrHyZ9_KPH8b-QQn_uoi9d9G9dFGR9QUyKOSd07xJ_AU94kSk
Cites_doi 10.19090/pp.2020.3.293-309
10.1002/0470013494.ch16
10.3758/s13423-022-02219-5
10.17759/exppsy.2021140204
10.1080/0142159X.2024.2402559
10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00382
10.1080/1359432X.2016.1225040
10.1037/bul0000219
10.1177/1745691615596992
10.1016/j.paid.2020.110370
10.1037//0003-066X.46.9.913
10.1037/a0028807
10.1002/hrm.21663
10.1016/S0191-3085(00)22002-9
10.5465/amj.2005.18803926
10.17759/exppsy.2019120103
10.1016/j.paid.2020.110587
10.1037/a0017286
10.1001/archpedi.154.10.1009
10.1037//0033-2909.128.2.203
10.1080/00224545.1970.9922450
10.17759/psylaw.2021110203
10.17759/cpse.2022110201
10.4324/9780203808498
10.1002/0470013494.ch3
10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.000245
10.1111/1467-9280.00147
10.3389/fpsyg.2021.669432
10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42002-X
10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01242.x
10.1007/s10919-007-0033-7
10.1093/oso/9780195130072.003.0004
ContentType Journal Article
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
ADTOC
UNPAY
DOA
DOI 10.17759/pse.2025300305
DatabaseName CrossRef
Unpaywall for CDI: Periodical Content
Unpaywall
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList CrossRef

Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: UNPAY
  name: Unpaywall
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://unpaywall.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Access Repository
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Psychology
EISSN 2311-7273
EndPage 71
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_4e7eb736c69e4c5c9c1597374d82d83c
10.17759/pse.2025300305
10_17759_pse_2025300305
GroupedDBID 5VS
642
AAYXX
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
CITATION
GROUPED_DOAJ
ADTOC
IPNFZ
RIG
UNPAY
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c304t-1ae4d9bd4d88ae24c5ec2c5a95dd70db8690bfcdba522f6f7c0040d4137f2edd3
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISSN 1814-2052
2311-7273
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:11:39 EDT 2025
Tue Aug 19 23:47:34 EDT 2025
Wed Oct 01 05:52:27 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed false
IsScholarly true
Issue 3
Language English
License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
cc-by-nc
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c304t-1ae4d9bd4d88ae24c5ec2c5a95dd70db8690bfcdba522f6f7c0040d4137f2edd3
ORCID 0000-0002-8685-2495
0000-0003-1060-568X
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/4e7eb736c69e4c5c9c1597374d82d83c
PageCount 13
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_4e7eb736c69e4c5c9c1597374d82d83c
unpaywall_primary_10_17759_pse_2025300305
crossref_primary_10_17759_pse_2025300305
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2025-01-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2025-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 01
  year: 2025
  text: 2025-01-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationTitle Psihologičeskaâ nauka i obrazovanie
PublicationYear 2025
Publisher Moscow State University of Psychology and Education
Publisher_xml – name: Moscow State University of Psychology and Education
References 22
44
23
45
24
46
25
47
26
48
27
28
29
30
31
10
32
11
33
12
34
13
35
14
36
15
37
16
38
17
39
18
19
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
40
41
20
42
21
43
References_xml – ident: 26
  doi: 10.19090/pp.2020.3.293-309
– ident: 39
– ident: 11
  doi: 10.1002/0470013494.ch16
– ident: 4
– ident: 5
  doi: 10.3758/s13423-022-02219-5
– ident: 36
  doi: 10.17759/exppsy.2021140204
– ident: 12
– ident: 23
  doi: 10.1080/0142159X.2024.2402559
– ident: 37
– ident: 6
  doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00382
– ident: 7
  doi: 10.1080/1359432X.2016.1225040
– ident: 32
  doi: 10.1037/bul0000219
– ident: 33
– ident: 16
  doi: 10.1177/1745691615596992
– ident: 27
  doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110370
– ident: 14
  doi: 10.1037//0003-066X.46.9.913
– ident: 21
  doi: 10.1037/a0028807
– ident: 34
  doi: 10.1002/hrm.21663
– ident: 24
– ident: 35
  doi: 10.1016/S0191-3085(00)22002-9
– ident: 44
  doi: 10.5465/amj.2005.18803926
– ident: 31
  doi: 10.17759/exppsy.2019120103
– ident: 45
– ident: 28
  doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110587
– ident: 41
– ident: 3
– ident: 22
  doi: 10.1037/a0017286
– ident: 2
  doi: 10.1001/archpedi.154.10.1009
– ident: 8
  doi: 10.1037//0033-2909.128.2.203
– ident: 1
– ident: 20
  doi: 10.1080/00224545.1970.9922450
– ident: 38
  doi: 10.17759/psylaw.2021110203
– ident: 13
– ident: 18
  doi: 10.17759/cpse.2022110201
– ident: 29
– ident: 17
  doi: 10.4324/9780203808498
– ident: 10
  doi: 10.1002/0470013494.ch3
– ident: 30
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.000245
– ident: 15
  doi: 10.1111/1467-9280.00147
– ident: 19
  doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.669432
– ident: 48
– ident: 47
  doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(10)42002-X
– ident: 46
– ident: 42
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01242.x
– ident: 9
  doi: 10.1007/s10919-007-0033-7
– ident: 25
– ident: 40
– ident: 43
  doi: 10.1093/oso/9780195130072.003.0004
SSID ssib002820642
ssib038074823
ssib050737097
ssj0002140299
Score 2.2821736
Snippet Context and relevance. In addition to the biological adaptive function, emotions have a significant socio-psychological and communicative role. Accurate...
SourceID doaj
unpaywall
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Index Database
StartPage 59
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Unpaywall
  dbid: UNPAY
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwEB6V7YFyKG-xUJAPHOCQbDZ24oRbi6iqSlQV6krlZPwYV6hVEu1DsPTEP8eTx2rhgjhwiBQ_4mQ8Y8-MY38D8LrMMp0m3kcY1F0kykJHOrcisjrRPvXoZXvK9eNZfjITp5fZ5Q58Gc7CNIt134mLeL6aYDUZkqEIJ7qDYyWXPVMVpzzV36uL2n216lRfB_LUuaaBFq7A_bhx_g7s5vQLagS7s7Pzw8_khxVTEYSkDcoTrJxpRKq8R_-RMiup8Zga562h_ZviavH978HdVdXo9Td9c7OllI7vw88NOe1elOt4tTSx_fEH0uP_pPcB7PcWLTvsRPAh7GD1CPY2E-v6Mdx-GnYp1RWrPcMudFB4CL_3-3CrBRVo5rVF1gXmDTqVhfrBQGXNFn4Io5MYFPCifSC0Z2hdGefvKLEdr4C1yLlPYHb84eL9SdQHfYgsT8QymmoUrjROuKLQmAqboU1tpsvMOZk4QxG0jLfO6GA5-txLS_OQC7pY-hSd409hVNUVPgMm0Jo8OOA-MUKY3GgnUvRaWy5Tzl0xhjcDR1XTYXso8omI-Wro6Y75Yzgijm-qESh3m1HPr1Q_xpVAiUby3OYlhu-2pQ22ouQykJK6gtsxvN3Iy99e-Pwf6r6APUp0C0MHMFrOV_gymEpL86qX9l9ozxox
  priority: 102
  providerName: Unpaywall
Title Recognition of emotional expressions of a face depending on the professional activity of an observer: an experimental study
URI https://psyjournals.ru/en/journals/pse/archive/2025_n3/pse_2025_n3_Todic_Jaksic_Pavicevic_en.pdf
https://doaj.org/article/4e7eb736c69e4c5c9c1597374d82d83c
UnpaywallVersion publishedVersion
Volume 30
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAFT
  databaseName: Open Access Digital Library
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2311-7273
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssib002820642
  issn: 1814-2052
  databaseCode: KQ8
  dateStart: 20150101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html
  providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries
– providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2311-7273
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0002140299
  issn: 2311-7273
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20150101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2311-7273
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssib050737097
  issn: 1814-2052
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 0
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LT9tAEF5VcCgcEG1BBEq0hx7agxWzD6_dW0BFUatGBREpnKx9zJ6QE4VEgPjzzNhOMCcuvVhaex_yeLTfzHr3-xj7VmhtRRpjAgh3iSpym9jMq8Tb1EYRIZr6lOvfcTaaqN9TPe1IfdGesIYeuDHcQIEBZ2TmswKU177wCMBGGhVyEXLpafZFGOskU20iQZH1ukys6ip_BUIMgqRJ2_9nNGcLzDNELTaJiKfQdbRoeYCM0cVgfk-MmkLLOuR-A2E10_8u-7iq5vbpwd7ddeDpcp_ttXElHzbv84l9WKw-s53N9Pb0hT1fr_cKzSo-ixwaAR9sBI_tbtjqnh5YHq0H3sjjIrJxrI9hIp93WDw4nYcg2Ym6AfbnaHUXFj-p0FUN4DV_7QGbXP66uRglrfRC4mWqlsmZBRUKF9DKuQWBhgcvvLaFDsGkwZGOlYs-OIvxW8yi8TQbBEREEwWEIA_ZVjWr4IhxBd5lmAbH1CnlMmeDEhCt9dIIKUPeY9_X1iznDcNGSZkJGb5Ew5evhu-xc7L2phpRY9c30GHK1mHK9xymx35svtV7Ax7_jwFP2A712KzbfGVby8UKTjGSWbp-7bR4_XOV99n2ZPxvePsC2M7vhQ
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
linkToUnpaywall http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwEB6V7YFyKG-xUJAPHOCQbDZ24oRbi6iqSlQV6krlZPwYV6hVEu1DsPTEP8eTx2rhgjhwiBQ_4mQ8Y8-MY38D8LrMMp0m3kcY1F0kykJHOrcisjrRPvXoZXvK9eNZfjITp5fZ5Q58Gc7CNIt134mLeL6aYDUZkqEIJ7qDYyWXPVMVpzzV36uL2n216lRfB_LUuaaBFq7A_bhx_g7s5vQLagS7s7Pzw8_khxVTEYSkDcoTrJxpRKq8R_-RMiup8Zga562h_ZviavH978HdVdXo9Td9c7OllI7vw88NOe1elOt4tTSx_fEH0uP_pPcB7PcWLTvsRPAh7GD1CPY2E-v6Mdx-GnYp1RWrPcMudFB4CL_3-3CrBRVo5rVF1gXmDTqVhfrBQGXNFn4Io5MYFPCifSC0Z2hdGefvKLEdr4C1yLlPYHb84eL9SdQHfYgsT8QymmoUrjROuKLQmAqboU1tpsvMOZk4QxG0jLfO6GA5-txLS_OQC7pY-hSd409hVNUVPgMm0Jo8OOA-MUKY3GgnUvRaWy5Tzl0xhjcDR1XTYXso8omI-Wro6Y75Yzgijm-qESh3m1HPr1Q_xpVAiUby3OYlhu-2pQ22ouQykJK6gtsxvN3Iy99e-Pwf6r6APUp0C0MHMFrOV_gymEpL86qX9l9ozxox
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Recognition+of+emotional+expressions+of+a+face+depending+on+the+professional+activity+of+an+observer%3A+an+experimental+study&rft.jtitle=Psihologi%C4%8Deska%C3%A2+nauka+i+obrazovanie&rft.au=Todi%C4%87+Jak%C5%A1i%C4%87%2C+T.&rft.au=Pavi%C4%87evi%C4%87%2C+M.&rft.date=2025-01-01&rft.issn=1814-2052&rft.eissn=2311-7273&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=59&rft.epage=71&rft_id=info:doi/10.17759%2Fpse.2025300305&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_17759_pse_2025300305
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1814-2052&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1814-2052&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1814-2052&client=summon