Soot and NOx Measurement in a Cyclone-Jet Combustor and Numerical Simulation on Flame Structure
In this study, we measured soot and NOx in a cyclone-jet combustor. A laser induced incandescence (LII) technique was applied to obtain instantaneous soot concentration. As for NOx emission, premixed and non-premixed combustion were examined with changing equivalence ratio. To discuss the flame stru...
Saved in:
| Published in | Nihon Kikai Gakkai rombunshuu. B hen Vol. 74; no. 738; pp. 505 - 512 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Japanese |
| Published |
The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
2008
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0387-5016 1884-8346 1884-8346 |
| DOI | 10.1299/kikaib.74.505 |
Cover
| Abstract | In this study, we measured soot and NOx in a cyclone-jet combustor. A laser induced incandescence (LII) technique was applied to obtain instantaneous soot concentration. As for NOx emission, premixed and non-premixed combustion were examined with changing equivalence ratio. To discuss the flame structure and flame characteristics in detail, numerical simulation on a jet diffusion flame was conducted. The location of ignition point was moved to discuss the effect of mixing between fuel (propane) and air in combustor. The flame index was obtained to estimate the premixed and non-premixed combustion region. The mixedness was also examined to distinguish the region of lean or rich premixed mixture. Results show that, when the air volume rate is increased, EINOx in non-premixed combustion is reduced to the level of premixed combustion. The soot is not detected when the equivalence ratio is less than 2. Based on numerical simulation, the degree of propane and air mixing is increased when the location of the ignition point is moved downstream. Resultantly, the local equivalence ratio is decreased with lower flame temperature. Hence, the low level of NOx emission in a cyclone-jet combustor is explained by this partial premixing effect of fuel and air. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | In this study, we measured soot and NOx in a cyclone-jet combustor. A laser induced incandescence (LII) technique was applied to obtain instantaneous soot concentration. As for NOx emission, premixed and non-premixed combustion were examined with changing equivalence ratio. To discuss the flame structure and flame characteristics in detail, numerical simulation on a jet diffusion flame was conducted. The location of ignition point was moved to discuss the effect of mixing between fuel (propane) and air in combustor. The flame index was obtained to estimate the premixed and non-premixed combustion region. The mixedness was also examined to distinguish the region of lean or rich premixed mixture. Results show that, when the air volume rate is increased, EINOx in non-premixed combustion is reduced to the level of premixed combustion. The soot is not detected when the equivalence ratio is less than 2. Based on numerical simulation, the degree of propane and air mixing is increased when the location of the ignition point is moved downstream. Resultantly, the local equivalence ratio is decreased with lower flame temperature. Hence, the low level of NOx emission in a cyclone-jet combustor is explained by this partial premixing effect of fuel and air. |
| Author | KANAGAWA, Yuji OSHIMA, Hisaharu YAMASHITA, Hiroshi UEJIMA, Mitsuhiro YAMAMOTO, Kazuhiro |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: KANAGAWA, Yuji organization: Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University – sequence: 1 fullname: UEJIMA, Mitsuhiro – sequence: 1 fullname: YAMAMOTO, Kazuhiro organization: Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University – sequence: 1 fullname: OSHIMA, Hisaharu organization: Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University – sequence: 1 fullname: YAMASHITA, Hiroshi organization: Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University |
| BookMark | eNqFkEFP3DAQRi1EJbaUI3efuGVrx3EcH6sVFBAth23P1sRMwMWxF9sR3X9PUIAr0kijkd77Rvq-ksMQAxJyytma11p_f3SP4Pq1ataSyQOy4l3XVJ1o2kOyYqJTlWS8PSInObueMaZFq4VaEbONsVAId_T37X_6CyFPCUcMhbpAgW721s9_qmssdBPHfsolpgWfRkzOgqdbN04eiouBznPhYUS6LWmyZY76Rr4M4DOevO1j8vfi_M_msrq5_Xm1-XFTWcFqWQ01SG1Ba8ugZ0pbiwNroG57lJLPZ6OU7JkYBou9UEzYQXUa-qGu21pqJo7Jesmdwg72z-C92SU3QtobzsxrQ2ZpyKjGzA3Nwtki7FJ8mjAXM7ps0XsIGKdshOCt5K2YwWoBbYo5Jxw-Db5e-H-5wD1-0JCKsx7faK6VfjWU6N7XLH9A9gGSwSBeAHiXk-A |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7TB 8FD FR3 ADTOC UNPAY |
| DOI | 10.1299/kikaib.74.505 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts Technology Research Database Engineering Research Database Unpaywall for CDI: Periodical Content Unpaywall |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Technology Research Database Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts Engineering Research Database |
| DatabaseTitleList | Technology Research Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: UNPAY name: Unpaywall url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://unpaywall.org/ sourceTypes: Open Access Repository |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 1884-8346 |
| EndPage | 512 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10.1299/kikaib.74.505 10_1299_kikaib_74_505 article_kikaib1979_74_738_74_738_505_article_char_en |
| GroupedDBID | ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS JSF KQ8 OK1 RJT AAYXX CITATION 7TB 8FD FR3 ADTOC UNPAY |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c3025-f2a59ca99c0ab079ccef04a26be5519cc4775b03ffceb3703cf789abf22625903 |
| IEDL.DBID | UNPAY |
| ISSN | 0387-5016 1884-8346 |
| IngestDate | Thu Aug 28 11:13:04 EDT 2025 Thu Oct 02 17:59:13 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 03:34:10 EDT 2025 Wed Sep 03 06:29:31 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | false |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 738 |
| Language | Japanese |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c3025-f2a59ca99c0ab079ccef04a26be5519cc4775b03ffceb3703cf789abf22625903 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/kikaib1979/74/738/74_738_505/_pdf |
| PQID | 33165163 |
| PQPubID | 23500 |
| PageCount | 8 |
| ParticipantIDs | unpaywall_primary_10_1299_kikaib_74_505 proquest_miscellaneous_33165163 crossref_primary_10_1299_kikaib_74_505 jstage_primary_article_kikaib1979_74_738_74_738_505_article_char_en |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2008-00-00 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2008-01-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – year: 2008 text: 2008-00-00 |
| PublicationDecade | 2000 |
| PublicationTitle | Nihon Kikai Gakkai rombunshuu. B hen |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | JSMET |
| PublicationYear | 2008 |
| Publisher | The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers |
| Publisher_xml | – name: The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers |
| References | (1) Sogo, S. et al., NOx and CO Formation Characteristics in Rich-Lean Combustion, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 64, No. 617 (1998), pp. 290-297. (25) JANAF thermochemical tables, Third Edition, (1985). (16) Yamamoto, K. et al., A Study on Highly Turbulent Premixed Flames in a Cyclone-Jet Combustor (3rd Report, Measurement of Turbulence Scale in Combus-tion Field by Slot-Correlation Method), Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 68, No. 666 (2002), pp. 603-609. (21) Kogure, T. et al., Premixing Combustion of Fuel Sprays by the Cyclone-Jet Combustor and NOx Reduction, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 72, No. 719 (2006), pp. 1812-1817. (9) Kegasa, A. et al., Application of Forced Oscillating Combustion of Burners for an Industrial Furnace (Evaluation of NOx Reduction Effect), Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 68, No. 675 (2002), pp. 3219-3224. (22) Yamashita, H. et al., A Numerical Study on Flame Stability at the Transition Point of Jet Diffusion Flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 26 (1996), pp. 27-34. (5) Claypole, T. C. and Syred, N., The Effect of Swirl Burner Aerodynamics on NOx Formation, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 18 (1981), pp. 81-89. (4) Yasuda, H. et al., Development of Rich-Lean Flame Burner of High Performance by Controlling Boundary Region between Rich and Lean Flames, Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan, Vol. 48, No. 145 (2006), pp. 241-249. (11) Hagiwara, R. et al., Combustion Characteristics of a Tubular Flame Burner for Methane, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 66, No. 652 (2000), pp. 3226-3232. (3) Yasuda, H. et al., Characteristics of Combustion of Rich and Lean Flames (1st Report, Effects of Velocity and Air Ratio of Mixture Supplied into Boundary Region on Stabilization of Rich and Lean Flames), Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 72, No. 716 (2006), pp. 1081-1088. (7) Nakano, K. et al., An Experimental Study of Flame Characteristics of Jet Diffusion Flames in Cylindrical Furnace (1st Report, The Effect of Inner Diameter of Furnace on NOx Emmision Property), Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 71, No. 701 (2005), pp. 303-309. (27) Westbrook, C. K. and Dryer, F. L., Simplified Reaction Mechanisms for the Oxidation of Hydrocarbon Fuels in Flames, Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 27 (1981), pp. 31-43. (17) Yamamoto, K. et al., Persistence of Laminar Flamelet Structure Under Highly Turbulent Combustion, JSME International Journal, Series B, Vol. 47, No. 6 (2003), pp. 408-415. (24) Patanker, S. V., Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, (1980), McGraw-Hill. (12) Munehiro, I. et al., Development of Tubular Flame Burner for By-Product Fuel Gases in Steel Works, Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan, Vol. 48, No. 145 (2006), pp. 250-256. (6) Terasaki, T. and Hayashi, S., The Effects of Fuel-Air Mixing on NOx Formation in Non-Premixed Swirl Burners, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 26 (1996), pp. 2733-2739. (18) Yamamoto, K. et al., PIV Measurement and Turbulence Scale in Turbulent Combustion, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 71, No. 711 (2005), pp. 2741-2747. (2) Watanabe, T. and Nakajima, T., NOx Formation Characteristics in Lean-Rich Combustion (Numerical Steady-State Analysis of Laminar Lean-Rich Combustion Flames), Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 66, No. 643 (2000), pp. 904-910. (13) Yamamoto, K. et al., A Study on Highly Turbulent Premixed Flames in a Cyclone-Jet Combustor (1st Report, Visualization of Flame Structure with Tomographic Images), Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 65, No. 637 (1999), pp. 3185-3190. (26) Smooke, M. D., Reduced Kinetic Mechanisms and Asymptotic Approximations for Methane-Air Flames, (1991), pp. 1-28, Springer-Verlag. (15) Yamamoto, K. and Nishizawa, Y., Flow Field and Structure of Highly Turbulent Premixed Flames, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 68, No. 665 (2002), pp. 238-245. (10) Ishizuka, S. et al., Combustion Characteristics of a Tubular Flame Burner, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 65, No. 639 (1999), pp. 3845-3852. (19) Onuma, Y. et al., Low NOx Combustion by a Cyclone-Jet Combustor, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 66, No. 642 (2000), pp. 579-584. (20) Kinoshita, Y. et al., The Influence of the Preheated Air on Low NOx Combustion Using the Cyclone-Jet Combustor, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 72, No. 716 (2006), pp. 1067-1072. (14) Yamamoto, K. et al., A Study on Highly Turbulent Premixed Flames in a Cyclone-Jet Combustor (2nd Report, Investigation on Flame Microstructure with an Electrostatic Probe), Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 66, No. 642 (2000), pp. 585-590. (8) Noda, S. et al., NOx Emission Characteristics of Confined Jet Non-Premixed Flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 31 (2007), pp. 1625-1632. (23) Yamashita, H. et al., Effects of Different Kinds of Fuel and Fuel Equivalence Ratio on Flame Structure of Triple Flame, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 65, No. 630 (1999), pp. 775-782. |
| References_xml | – reference: (8) Noda, S. et al., NOx Emission Characteristics of Confined Jet Non-Premixed Flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 31 (2007), pp. 1625-1632. – reference: (12) Munehiro, I. et al., Development of Tubular Flame Burner for By-Product Fuel Gases in Steel Works, Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan, Vol. 48, No. 145 (2006), pp. 250-256. – reference: (5) Claypole, T. C. and Syred, N., The Effect of Swirl Burner Aerodynamics on NOx Formation, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 18 (1981), pp. 81-89. – reference: (9) Kegasa, A. et al., Application of Forced Oscillating Combustion of Burners for an Industrial Furnace (Evaluation of NOx Reduction Effect), Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 68, No. 675 (2002), pp. 3219-3224. – reference: (21) Kogure, T. et al., Premixing Combustion of Fuel Sprays by the Cyclone-Jet Combustor and NOx Reduction, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 72, No. 719 (2006), pp. 1812-1817. – reference: (18) Yamamoto, K. et al., PIV Measurement and Turbulence Scale in Turbulent Combustion, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 71, No. 711 (2005), pp. 2741-2747. – reference: (25) JANAF thermochemical tables, Third Edition, (1985). – reference: (7) Nakano, K. et al., An Experimental Study of Flame Characteristics of Jet Diffusion Flames in Cylindrical Furnace (1st Report, The Effect of Inner Diameter of Furnace on NOx Emmision Property), Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 71, No. 701 (2005), pp. 303-309. – reference: (23) Yamashita, H. et al., Effects of Different Kinds of Fuel and Fuel Equivalence Ratio on Flame Structure of Triple Flame, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 65, No. 630 (1999), pp. 775-782. – reference: (6) Terasaki, T. and Hayashi, S., The Effects of Fuel-Air Mixing on NOx Formation in Non-Premixed Swirl Burners, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 26 (1996), pp. 2733-2739. – reference: (19) Onuma, Y. et al., Low NOx Combustion by a Cyclone-Jet Combustor, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 66, No. 642 (2000), pp. 579-584. – reference: (15) Yamamoto, K. and Nishizawa, Y., Flow Field and Structure of Highly Turbulent Premixed Flames, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 68, No. 665 (2002), pp. 238-245. – reference: (20) Kinoshita, Y. et al., The Influence of the Preheated Air on Low NOx Combustion Using the Cyclone-Jet Combustor, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 72, No. 716 (2006), pp. 1067-1072. – reference: (26) Smooke, M. D., Reduced Kinetic Mechanisms and Asymptotic Approximations for Methane-Air Flames, (1991), pp. 1-28, Springer-Verlag. – reference: (11) Hagiwara, R. et al., Combustion Characteristics of a Tubular Flame Burner for Methane, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 66, No. 652 (2000), pp. 3226-3232. – reference: (2) Watanabe, T. and Nakajima, T., NOx Formation Characteristics in Lean-Rich Combustion (Numerical Steady-State Analysis of Laminar Lean-Rich Combustion Flames), Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 66, No. 643 (2000), pp. 904-910. – reference: (3) Yasuda, H. et al., Characteristics of Combustion of Rich and Lean Flames (1st Report, Effects of Velocity and Air Ratio of Mixture Supplied into Boundary Region on Stabilization of Rich and Lean Flames), Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 72, No. 716 (2006), pp. 1081-1088. – reference: (24) Patanker, S. V., Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, (1980), McGraw-Hill. – reference: (27) Westbrook, C. K. and Dryer, F. L., Simplified Reaction Mechanisms for the Oxidation of Hydrocarbon Fuels in Flames, Combustion Science and Technology, Vol. 27 (1981), pp. 31-43. – reference: (14) Yamamoto, K. et al., A Study on Highly Turbulent Premixed Flames in a Cyclone-Jet Combustor (2nd Report, Investigation on Flame Microstructure with an Electrostatic Probe), Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 66, No. 642 (2000), pp. 585-590. – reference: (13) Yamamoto, K. et al., A Study on Highly Turbulent Premixed Flames in a Cyclone-Jet Combustor (1st Report, Visualization of Flame Structure with Tomographic Images), Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 65, No. 637 (1999), pp. 3185-3190. – reference: (10) Ishizuka, S. et al., Combustion Characteristics of a Tubular Flame Burner, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 65, No. 639 (1999), pp. 3845-3852. – reference: (16) Yamamoto, K. et al., A Study on Highly Turbulent Premixed Flames in a Cyclone-Jet Combustor (3rd Report, Measurement of Turbulence Scale in Combus-tion Field by Slot-Correlation Method), Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 68, No. 666 (2002), pp. 603-609. – reference: (4) Yasuda, H. et al., Development of Rich-Lean Flame Burner of High Performance by Controlling Boundary Region between Rich and Lean Flames, Journal of the Combustion Society of Japan, Vol. 48, No. 145 (2006), pp. 241-249. – reference: (1) Sogo, S. et al., NOx and CO Formation Characteristics in Rich-Lean Combustion, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol. 64, No. 617 (1998), pp. 290-297. – reference: (17) Yamamoto, K. et al., Persistence of Laminar Flamelet Structure Under Highly Turbulent Combustion, JSME International Journal, Series B, Vol. 47, No. 6 (2003), pp. 408-415. – reference: (22) Yamashita, H. et al., A Numerical Study on Flame Stability at the Transition Point of Jet Diffusion Flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 26 (1996), pp. 27-34. |
| SSID | ssib000936937 ssib012348312 ssib002218961 ssib006634345 ssib002223791 ssib003171063 ssib020472910 ssib023160639 ssib002222543 ssj0000608106 ssib061582750 |
| Score | 1.6946635 |
| Snippet | In this study, we measured soot and NOx in a cyclone-jet combustor. A laser induced incandescence (LII) technique was applied to obtain instantaneous soot... |
| SourceID | unpaywall proquest crossref jstage |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 505 |
| SubjectTerms | Burner Combustion Products Diffusion combustion Gaseour Fuel Pollutant |
| Title | Soot and NOx Measurement in a Cyclone-Jet Combustor and Numerical Simulation on Flame Structure |
| URI | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/kikaib1979/74/738/74_738_505/_article/-char/en https://www.proquest.com/docview/33165163 https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/kikaib1979/74/738/74_738_505/_pdf |
| UnpaywallVersion | publishedVersion |
| Volume | 74 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| ispartofPNX | Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B, 2008/02/25, Vol.74(738), pp.505-512 |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAFT databaseName: Open Access Digital Library customDbUrl: eissn: 1884-8346 dateEnd: 20081231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000608106 issn: 0387-5016 databaseCode: KQ8 dateStart: 19790101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3db9MwED9tHRLwML5FGQw_IHhK4s5OHD9O1appaAVUKo0ny3btqmtJKtEIxl_PeU4_4AEhIUWyLF0c--fL-c4-3wG88b2y1D2pE02pSbjjPjGszLHKjJSe0Zgz8nJYnI_5xVV-tQeD9V2Y4FZ5jXrR1IUindbp9TJrQczms7memZ4UMhM8E6zEQmGhcBnP1HLi9-GgyFEn78DBePjx9EuwtsqSJyXjRRtgE8Vv204qeJqHtHU7C9Kd-O3f1M27TbXUN9_1YrGz8gwewHTd5-hwMk-blUntzz_COf7_oB7CYaucktP4ziPYc9VjuL8TsvAJqFFdr4iuJmT44Qe53O4wkllFNOnf2EVdueTCrQiKGtME58tI3sSzoQUZzb62OcMIPgNkSUdGt2FssamnMB6cfe6fJ22ShsSykArXn-hcWi2lpdpQIa11nnJ9UhiHyhhWuRC5ocx7i3Y7yhfrRSm18aj3oelF2TPoVNix50DoxDDtceiGa87zEOs-Z9wLK4Q0htMuvF3PlFrGWBwq2DA4pSqiqBA6hK0L_Qj3hqwFW23BVi3KW7A3ROG-GwqNLrxeM4HCfy4cpOjK1c03xVivyFGR7cK7DW_8vUcv_pnyCO5Fl5Swy_MSOgi_e4V6z8ocw_77T-Vxy9q_APpLBP8 |
| linkProvider | Unpaywall |
| linkToUnpaywall | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3dixMxEB_OnqA--C3WzzyIPu1uesluNo9HsRwHV4VaOJ9Ckial17pbsIuef70Tk37ogwjCQgjMZpNfZiczyWQG4I0f1LUeSJ1pSk3GHfeZYXWJVWak9IzGnJEX4-psys8vy8sjGG3vwgS3yivUi-YuFPm8za_WRQKxWC6WemEGUshC8EKwGguFhcJlvFDrmb8Bx1WJOnkPjqfjj6efg7VV1zyrGa9SgE0Uv6mdXPC8DGnrDhakm_Hbv6mbt7pmra-_6dXqYOUZ3YP5ts_R4WSZdxuT2x9_hHP8_0Hdh7tJOSWn8Z0HcOSah3DnIGThI1CTtt0Q3czI-MN3crHfYSSLhmgyvLartnHZudsQFDWmC86XkbyLZ0MrMll8STnDCD4jZElHJr_C2GJTj2E6ev9peJalJA2ZZSEVrj_RpbRaSku1oUJa6zzl-qQyDpUxrHIhSkOZ9xbtdpQv1otaauNR70PTi7In0GuwY0-B0Jlh2uPQDdeclyHWfcm4F1YIaQynfXi7nSm1jrE4VLBhcEpVRFEhdAhbH4YR7h1ZAlvtwVYJ5T3YO6Jw3w2FRh9eb5lA4T8XDlJ049ruq2JsUJWoyPbh3Y43_t6jZ_9M-RxuR5eUsMvzAnoIv3uJes_GvEpM_RPiDAQK |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Soot+and+NOx+Measurement+in+a+Cyclone-Jet+Combustor+and+Numerical+Simulation+on+Flame+Structure&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Japan+Society+of+Mechanical+Engineers+Series+B&rft.au=KANAGAWA%2C+Yuji&rft.au=UEJIMA%2C+Mitsuhiro&rft.au=YAMAMOTO%2C+Kazuhiro&rft.au=OSHIMA%2C+Hisaharu&rft.date=2008&rft.pub=The+Japan+Society+of+Mechanical+Engineers&rft.issn=0387-5016&rft.eissn=1884-8346&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=738&rft.spage=505&rft.epage=512&rft_id=info:doi/10.1299%2Fkikaib.74.505&rft.externalDocID=article_kikaib1979_74_738_74_738_505_article_char_en |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0387-5016&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0387-5016&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0387-5016&client=summon |