Nessie: A rust-powered, fast, flexible, and generalized friends-of-friends galaxy-group finder in R and Python
We introduce Nessie, a galaxy group finder implemented in Rust and distributed as both a Python and R package. Nessie employs the friends-of-friends (FoF) algorithm and requires only on-sky position and redshift as input, making it immediately applicable to surveys that lack a well-defined luminosit...
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| Published in | Astronomy and computing Vol. 54; p. 101011 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier B.V
01.01.2026
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2213-1337 2213-1345 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ascom.2025.101011 |
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| Abstract | We introduce Nessie, a galaxy group finder implemented in Rust and distributed as both a Python and R package. Nessie employs the friends-of-friends (FoF) algorithm and requires only on-sky position and redshift as input, making it immediately applicable to surveys that lack a well-defined luminosity function. We implement several algorithmic optimizations – including binary search and k-d tree pre-selection – that significantly improve performance by reducing unnecessary galaxy pair checks. To validate the accuracy of Nessie, we tune its parameters using a suite of GALFORM mock lightcones and achieve a strong Figure of Merit. We further demonstrate its reliability by applying it to both the GAMA and SDSS surveys, where it produces group catalogues consistent with those in the literature. Additional functionality is included for comparison with simulations and mock catalogues. Benchmarking on a standard MacBook Pro (M3 chip with 11 cores) shows that version 1 of Nessie can process ∼1 million galaxies in ∼10 s, highlighting its speed and suitability for next-generation redshift surveys. |
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| AbstractList | We introduce Nessie, a galaxy group finder implemented in Rust and distributed as both a Python and R package. Nessie employs the friends-of-friends (FoF) algorithm and requires only on-sky position and redshift as input, making it immediately applicable to surveys that lack a well-defined luminosity function. We implement several algorithmic optimizations – including binary search and k-d tree pre-selection – that significantly improve performance by reducing unnecessary galaxy pair checks. To validate the accuracy of Nessie, we tune its parameters using a suite of GALFORM mock lightcones and achieve a strong Figure of Merit. We further demonstrate its reliability by applying it to both the GAMA and SDSS surveys, where it produces group catalogues consistent with those in the literature. Additional functionality is included for comparison with simulations and mock catalogues. Benchmarking on a standard MacBook Pro (M3 chip with 11 cores) shows that version 1 of Nessie can process ∼1 million galaxies in ∼10 s, highlighting its speed and suitability for next-generation redshift surveys. |
| ArticleNumber | 101011 |
| Author | d’Hautefort, A. Aufan Stoffels Lambert, Trystan S. Tobar, R. Robotham, A.S.G. Bravo, M. Lagos, C. del P. Driver, S. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Trystan S. orcidid: 0000-0001-6263-0970 surname: Lambert fullname: Lambert, Trystan S. email: TrystanScottLambert@gmail.com organization: International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), M468, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Perth, 6009, WA, Australia – sequence: 2 givenname: A.S.G. orcidid: 0000-0003-0429-3579 surname: Robotham fullname: Robotham, A.S.G. organization: International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), M468, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Perth, 6009, WA, Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: M. orcidid: 0000-0001-5742-7927 surname: Bravo fullname: Bravo, M. organization: Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, L8S 4M1, ON, Canada – sequence: 4 givenname: C. del P. orcidid: 0000-0003-3021-8564 surname: Lagos fullname: Lagos, C. del P. organization: International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), M468, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Perth, 6009, WA, Australia – sequence: 5 givenname: R. orcidid: 0000-0002-1052-0611 surname: Tobar fullname: Tobar, R. organization: International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), M468, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Perth, 6009, WA, Australia – sequence: 6 givenname: S. orcidid: 0000-0001-9491-7327 surname: Driver fullname: Driver, S. organization: International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), M468, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Perth, 6009, WA, Australia – sequence: 7 givenname: A. Aufan Stoffels orcidid: 0009-0003-9019-1380 surname: d’Hautefort fullname: d’Hautefort, A. Aufan Stoffels organization: Astronomy Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, Falmer, UK |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10519.x 10.1088/0067-0049/219/1/12 10.1088/0004-6256/142/3/72 10.1086/510201 10.1051/0004-6361:20010071 10.1071/AS04050 10.1093/mnras/stx1976 10.1051/0004-6361/201527755 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.18188.x 10.1093/mnras/stab1576 10.1086/190860 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14150.x 10.1086/159646 10.1093/mnras/staa1946 10.1086/160000 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08560.x 10.1051/0004-6361/201423585 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19217.x 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18858.x 10.1038/nature03597 10.1086/522027 10.1093/mnras/sty1553 10.1093/mnras/stu378 10.1093/mnras/stae1024 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07408.x 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04137.x 10.1051/0004-6361/201730499 10.1088/0067-0049/199/2/26 10.1086/115487 10.1093/mnras/stv2075 |
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| Title | Nessie: A rust-powered, fast, flexible, and generalized friends-of-friends galaxy-group finder in R and Python |
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