A review study of instantaneous electric energy transport theories and their novel implementations

• Published in: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews Vol. 57; pp. 1428 - 1439
• Main Authors: Beck, Y., Calamaro, N., Shmilovitz, D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2016
• Subjects: Active power; Energy metering; Harmonic distortion; Power transport theory; Reactive power; Reactive power; Power transport theory; Energy metering; Harmonic distortion; Active power
• ISSN: 1364-0321; 1879-0690
• DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.086

Electric energy transport theories are still a debatable subject regarding their validity and applicability in various aspects. This paper includes a comparative study of the group of theories which are categorized as instantaneous theories as opposed to periodic-averaged ones. As a preliminary review this paper presents first the three apparent power definitions in order to emphasize the difference between them. A discussion regarding their accuracy for energy metering of various conditions such as multiphase and non-sinusoidal environments is presented. Instantaneous theories are then reviewed and compared with periodic averaged theories. The review focuses mainly on p-q theory (PQT) and its derivative, instantaneous multi-phase theory. The legacy application of this theory for active filtering is briefly presented and the new idea of using the theory for multi-load and multi-source theory is presented as well. The comparison identifies the similarities and differences between the instantaneous and periodic averaging theories, and their inter-relations.