Mid-level data fusion of pleural effusion SERS spectra and serum CEA levels using machine learning algorithms for precise lung cancer detection - Wang, Lingna; Hong, Weihua; Fan, Dage; Lin, Jinyong; Liu, Zeyang; Fan, Min; Lin, Xueliang; Lin, Duo; Feng, Shangyuan (Nanoscale, 2025)
Keywords: Aged; Algorithms; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor - blood; Carcinoembryonic Antigen - blood; Data integration; Discriminant Analysis; Female; Humans; K-nearest neighbors algorithm; Lung cancer; Lung Neoplasms - blood; Lung Neoplasms - diagnosis; Machine Learning; Male; Middle Aged; Pleural effusion; Pleural Effusion, Malignant - blood; Pleural Effusion, Malignant - diagnosis; Principal Component Analysis; Principal components analysis; Raman spectroscopy; Spectra; Spectrum analysis; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Strategy; Support Vector Machine; Support vector machines