A Novel Optimization Method for Conventional Primary and Secondary School Classrooms in Southern China Considering Energy Demand, Thermal Comfort and Daylighting
The classroom environment is of great significance for the health of primary and secondary school students, but a comfortable indoor environment often requires higher energy consumption. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization method based on an artificial neural network (ANN) model, whic...
Saved in:
| Published in | Sustainability Vol. 13; no. 23; p. 13119 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Basel
MDPI AG
01.12.2021
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2071-1050 2071-1050 |
| DOI | 10.3390/su132313119 |
Cover
| Abstract | The classroom environment is of great significance for the health of primary and secondary school students, but a comfortable indoor environment often requires higher energy consumption. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization method based on an artificial neural network (ANN) model, which can help designers efficiently optimize the design of primary and secondary school classrooms in southern China. In this optimization method, first, the optimization objectives and variables are determined according to building characteristics, and the physical model is established through simulation software (EnergyPlus) to generate the sample space. Second, sensitivity analysis is carried out for each optimization variable, and the physical model is modified according to the results to regenerate the sample space. Third, the ANN model is trained by using the regenerated sample space, and the Pareto optimal solution is generated through the use of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). Finally, the effectiveness of the multi-objective optimization method is proven through a typical case of primary and secondary school classrooms in Nanjing, China. The results show that, compared with the benchmark scheme, TES decreased by 810.8 kWh at most, PT increased by 47.8% at most and DI increased by 4.2% at most. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The classroom environment is of great significance for the health of primary and secondary school students, but a comfortable indoor environment often requires higher energy consumption. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization method based on an artificial neural network (ANN) model, which can help designers efficiently optimize the design of primary and secondary school classrooms in southern China. In this optimization method, first, the optimization objectives and variables are determined according to building characteristics, and the physical model is established through simulation software (EnergyPlus) to generate the sample space. Second, sensitivity analysis is carried out for each optimization variable, and the physical model is modified according to the results to regenerate the sample space. Third, the ANN model is trained by using the regenerated sample space, and the Pareto optimal solution is generated through the use of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). Finally, the effectiveness of the multi-objective optimization method is proven through a typical case of primary and secondary school classrooms in Nanjing, China. The results show that, compared with the benchmark scheme, TES decreased by 810.8 kWh at most, PT increased by 47.8% at most and DI increased by 4.2% at most. |
| Author | Sun, Liang Xu, Yizhe Qian, Hao Wang, Gang Yan, Chengchu Jiang, Yanlong |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yizhe surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Yizhe – sequence: 2 givenname: Chengchu orcidid: 0000-0003-2413-6466 surname: Yan fullname: Yan, Chengchu – sequence: 3 givenname: Hao surname: Qian fullname: Qian, Hao – sequence: 4 givenname: Liang surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Liang – sequence: 5 givenname: Gang surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Gang – sequence: 6 givenname: Yanlong surname: Jiang fullname: Jiang, Yanlong |
| BookMark | eNp9kMtOAyEUhonRRK1d-QIkLrXKgbYzszRjvSTekup6wgDtYBiowGjq2_im0taFMVE2wMnHzznfPtq2ziqEDoGcMlaQs9ABowwYQLGF9ijJYABkRLZ_nHdRP4QXkhZjUMB4D32e43v3pgx-WETd6g8etbP4TsXGSTxzHpfOvim7qnKDH71uuV9ibiWeKuGsXN2monHO4NLwELxzbcDa4qnrYqO8xWWjLV_FBC2V13aOJ1b5-RJfqDblnOCnhLUpvHRt-jCuwy_40uh5ExN-gHZm3ATV_9576Ply8lReD24frm7K89uBoEUeB1TmAEAUHeVDAVmuMs4lSUNLKmQGuSCFpEUSBcOCK1HzuqayHnM2lDWps5z10Mkmt7MLvnznxlSLzbgVkGpluPphOOFHG3zh3WunQqxeXOeTpFDRMclhmI0S2UOwoYR3SY6aVULHtePouTZ_JB__evNfH1_jOpzF |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3390_buildings14123947 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enbuild_2023_113468 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enbuild_2024_114769 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_solener_2022_08_035 crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_3226001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2023_e21598 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enbuild_2023_113001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enbuild_2023_113562 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_enbuild_2024_114188 crossref_primary_10_54033_cadpedv21n12_011 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_buildenv_2024_112147 crossref_primary_10_1007_s41024_024_00425_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jobe_2022_104487 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106543 10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.033 10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80079-9 10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.06.005 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.056 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102369 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.022 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116723 10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111056 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.924 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115984 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.10.102 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.10.031 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114614 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.02.227 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120885 10.1016/j.rser.2017.06.018 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.013 10.1016/j.egyr.2020.06.008 10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.109972 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.007 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114356 10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.03.004 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.11.063 10.3390/atmos11010090 10.1016/S0169-7161(03)22009-5 10.1016/j.ceh.2020.11.002 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.01.048 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106841 10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.04.033 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.06.009 10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.04.004 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.11.008 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116046 10.1016/j.rser.2012.12.014 10.1016/j.renene.2018.09.024 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106920 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.070 10.1109/ChiCC.2016.7553789 10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.182 10.1016/j.asej.2018.04.003 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.09.192 10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.04.025 10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.09.043 10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101413 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 4U- ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS ADTOC UNPAY |
| DOI | 10.3390/su132313119 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef University Readers ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Unpaywall for CDI: Periodical Content Unpaywall |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database University Readers ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) |
| DatabaseTitleList | Publicly Available Content Database CrossRef |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: UNPAY name: Unpaywall url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://unpaywall.org/ sourceTypes: Open Access Repository – sequence: 2 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518 sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Economics Environmental Sciences Architecture |
| EISSN | 2071-1050 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10.3390/su132313119 10_3390_su132313119 |
| GeographicLocations | China |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: China |
| GroupedDBID | 29Q 2WC 2XV 4P2 5VS 7XC 8FE 8FH A8Z AAHBH AAYXX ACHQT ADBBV ADMLS AENEX AFKRA AFMMW ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BCNDV BENPR CCPQU CITATION E3Z ECGQY ESTFP FRS GX1 IAO IEP ISR ITC KQ8 ML. MODMG M~E OK1 P2P PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PROAC PUEGO TR2 4U- ABUWG AZQEC DWQXO PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS ADTOC C1A IPNFZ RIG UNPAY |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c298t-2d81110e2584c178e7aad0105d2cd718c09d29339149aecbabb2db6a34db0b783 |
| IEDL.DBID | BENPR |
| ISSN | 2071-1050 |
| IngestDate | Tue Aug 19 23:21:40 EDT 2025 Mon Jun 30 07:29:13 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:01:47 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 01 03:16:56 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 23 |
| Language | English |
| License | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 cc-by |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c298t-2d81110e2584c178e7aad0105d2cd718c09d29339149aecbabb2db6a34db0b783 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2413-6466 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2608147531?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%&accountid=15518 |
| PQID | 2608147531 |
| PQPubID | 2032327 |
| ParticipantIDs | unpaywall_primary_10_3390_su132313119 proquest_journals_2608147531 crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_su132313119 crossref_primary_10_3390_su132313119 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2021-12-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2021-12-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 12 year: 2021 text: 2021-12-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Basel |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Basel |
| PublicationTitle | Sustainability |
| PublicationYear | 2021 |
| Publisher | MDPI AG |
| Publisher_xml | – name: MDPI AG |
| References | Day (ref_18) 2020; 178 Chen (ref_41) 2003; Volume 22 Roman (ref_42) 2020; 217 ref_14 ref_36 Zhai (ref_12) 2019; 134 Zhu (ref_15) 2020; 176 Yan (ref_3) 2012; 55 Bakmohammadi (ref_24) 2020; 6 ref_32 Zhou (ref_30) 2007; 39 Monsef (ref_45) 2019; 10 Ascione (ref_23) 2017; 144 Flannery (ref_40) 2006; 79 Zhou (ref_31) 2008; 40 Pilechiha (ref_34) 2020; 261 Zhang (ref_21) 2017; 139 Chen (ref_27) 2019; 188 Hu (ref_11) 2015; 121 (ref_22) 2020; 169 Li (ref_6) 2020; 1 Ma (ref_4) 2019; 158 Barrett (ref_19) 2015; 89 Yan (ref_25) 2017; 205 Ciardiello (ref_37) 2020; 280 Jihad (ref_47) 2020; 44 Li (ref_16) 2020; 259 Zomorodian (ref_33) 2016; 59 Tian (ref_39) 2013; 20 ref_46 Asadi (ref_29) 2014; 81 Konstantzos (ref_35) 2015; 87 Leccese (ref_7) 2021; 245 Attia (ref_2) 2020; 263 Desai (ref_43) 2021; 4 Skene (ref_5) 2020; 10 Wang (ref_26) 2020; 192 Yu (ref_28) 2015; 88 Fan (ref_8) 2018; 159 Pannier (ref_38) 2018; 199 Jensen (ref_44) 2018; 211 Ascione (ref_10) 2019; 174 Rikard (ref_17) 1992; 12 Sun (ref_9) 2015; 86 Chang (ref_13) 2020; 32 Doulos (ref_20) 2019; 194 Xu (ref_1) 2020; 62 Chen (ref_48) 2018; 82 |
| References_xml | – volume: 169 start-page: 106543 year: 2020 ident: ref_22 article-title: Optimal design of classroom spaces in naturally-ventilated buildings to maximize occupant satisfaction with human bioeffluents/body odor levels publication-title: Build. Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106543 – volume: 59 start-page: 895 year: 2016 ident: ref_33 article-title: Thermal comfort in educational buildings: A review article publication-title: Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.033 – volume: 12 start-page: 305 year: 1992 ident: ref_17 article-title: Health and behavior of children in classrooms with and without windows publication-title: J. Environ. Psychol. doi: 10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80079-9 – volume: 39 start-page: 212 year: 2007 ident: ref_30 article-title: Energy simulation in the variable refrigerant flow air-conditioning system under cooling conditions publication-title: Energy Build. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.06.005 – ident: ref_32 – volume: 144 start-page: 303 year: 2017 ident: ref_23 article-title: Energy retrofit of educational buildings: Transient energy simulations, model calibration and multi-objective optimization towards nearly zero-energy performance publication-title: Energy Build. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.056 – volume: 62 start-page: 102369 year: 2020 ident: ref_1 article-title: Smart energy systems: A critical review on design and operation optimization publication-title: Sustain. Cities Soc. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102369 – volume: 205 start-page: 635 year: 2017 ident: ref_25 article-title: Quantitative evaluation of the impact of building load characteristics on energy performance of district cooling systems publication-title: Appl. Energy doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.022 – volume: 192 start-page: 116723 year: 2020 ident: ref_26 article-title: A three-stage optimization methodology for envelope design of passive house considering energy demand, thermal comfort and cost publication-title: Energy doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116723 – volume: 245 start-page: 111056 year: 2021 ident: ref_7 article-title: Towards a holistic approach to indoor environmental quality assessment: Weighting schemes to combine effects of multiple environmental factors publication-title: Energy Build. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111056 – volume: 158 start-page: 3476 year: 2019 ident: ref_4 article-title: Analysis of school building energy consumption in Tianjin, China publication-title: Energy Procedia doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.924 – volume: 280 start-page: 115984 year: 2020 ident: ref_37 article-title: Multi-objective approach to the optimization of shape and envelope in building energy design publication-title: Appl. Energy doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115984 – volume: 211 start-page: 89 year: 2018 ident: ref_44 article-title: A comparison of six metamodeling techniques applied to building performance simulations publication-title: Appl. Energy doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.10.102 – volume: 86 start-page: 464 year: 2015 ident: ref_9 article-title: Sensitivity analysis of macro-parameters in the system design of net zero energy building publication-title: Energy Build. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.10.031 – volume: 263 start-page: 114614 year: 2020 ident: ref_2 article-title: Developing two benchmark models for nearly zero energy schools publication-title: Appl. Energy doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114614 – volume: 44 start-page: 237 year: 2020 ident: ref_47 article-title: Daylight and Energy Performance Optimization in Hot-Arid Regions: Application and adaptation guide for designers in the UAE publication-title: Procedia Manufacturing doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2020.02.227 – volume: 259 start-page: 120885 year: 2020 ident: ref_16 article-title: A review for presenting building information modeling education and research in China publication-title: J. Clean. Prod. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120885 – volume: 82 start-page: 1712 year: 2018 ident: ref_48 article-title: Simulation-based approach to optimize passively designed buildings: A case study on a typical architectural form in hot and humid climates publication-title: Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.06.018 – volume: 89 start-page: 118 year: 2015 ident: ref_19 article-title: The impact of classroom design on pupils’ learning: Final results of a holistic, multi-level analysis publication-title: Build. Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.013 – volume: 6 start-page: 1590 year: 2020 ident: ref_24 article-title: Optimization of the design of the primary school classrooms in terms of energy and daylight performance considering occupants’ thermal and visual comfort publication-title: Energy Rep. doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2020.06.008 – volume: 217 start-page: 109972 year: 2020 ident: ref_42 article-title: Application and characterization of metamodels based on artificial neural networks for building performance simulation: A systematic review publication-title: Energy Build. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.109972 – volume: 87 start-page: 244 year: 2015 ident: ref_35 article-title: Experimental and simulation analysis of daylight glare probability in offices with dynamic window shades publication-title: Build. Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.007 – volume: 261 start-page: 114356 year: 2020 ident: ref_34 article-title: Multi-objective optimisation framework for designing office windows: Quality of view, daylight and energy efficiency publication-title: Appl. Energy doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114356 – volume: 79 start-page: 469 year: 2006 ident: ref_40 article-title: Partial adjustment toward target capital structures publication-title: J. Financ. Econ. doi: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.03.004 – volume: 88 start-page: 135 year: 2015 ident: ref_28 article-title: Application of multi-objective genetic algorithm to optimize energy efficiency and thermal comfort in building design publication-title: Energy Build. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.11.063 – ident: ref_36 doi: 10.3390/atmos11010090 – volume: Volume 22 start-page: 231 year: 2003 ident: ref_41 article-title: A review of design and modeling in computer experiments publication-title: Handbook of Statistics doi: 10.1016/S0169-7161(03)22009-5 – volume: 4 start-page: 1 year: 2021 ident: ref_43 article-title: An anatomization on breast cancer detection and diagnosis employing multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLP) and Convolutional neural network (CNN) publication-title: Clin. eHealth doi: 10.1016/j.ceh.2020.11.002 – volume: 139 start-page: 371 year: 2017 ident: ref_21 article-title: Optimization of thermal and daylight performance of school buildings based on a multi-objective genetic algorithm in the cold climate of China publication-title: Energy Build. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.01.048 – volume: 10 start-page: 114304 year: 2020 ident: ref_5 article-title: The relevance of daylight for humans publication-title: Biochem. Pharmacol. – volume: 176 start-page: 106841 year: 2020 ident: ref_15 article-title: Multi-objective optimization for energy consumption, daylighting and thermal comfort performance of rural tourism buildings in north China publication-title: Build. Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106841 – volume: 194 start-page: 201 year: 2019 ident: ref_20 article-title: Minimizing energy consumption for artificial lighting in a typical classroom of a Hellenic public school aiming for near Zero Energy Building using LED DC luminaires and daylight harvesting systems publication-title: Energy Build. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.04.033 – ident: ref_46 – volume: 81 start-page: 444 year: 2014 ident: ref_29 article-title: Multi-objective optimization for building retrofit: A model using genetic algorithm and artificial neural network and an application publication-title: Energy Build. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.06.009 – volume: 1 start-page: 327 year: 2020 ident: ref_6 article-title: Energy consumption pattern and indoor thermal environment of residential building in rural China publication-title: Energy Built Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.enbenv.2020.04.004 – volume: 159 start-page: 296 year: 2018 ident: ref_8 article-title: Unsupervised data analytics in mining big building operational data for energy efficiency enhancement: A review publication-title: Energy Build. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.11.008 – volume: 188 start-page: 116046 year: 2019 ident: ref_27 article-title: A meta-model-based optimization approach for fast and reliable calibration of building energy models publication-title: Energy doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116046 – volume: 20 start-page: 411 year: 2013 ident: ref_39 article-title: A review of sensitivity analysis methods in building energy analysis publication-title: Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2012.12.014 – volume: 134 start-page: 1190 year: 2019 ident: ref_12 article-title: A multi-objective optimization methodology for window design considering energy consumption, thermal environment and visual performance publication-title: Renew. Energy doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.09.024 – volume: 178 start-page: 106920 year: 2020 ident: ref_18 article-title: A review of select human-building interfaces and their relationship to human behavior, energy use and occupant comfort publication-title: Build. Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106920 – volume: 199 start-page: 466 year: 2018 ident: ref_38 article-title: Comprehensive assessment of sensitivity analysis methods for the identification of influential factors in building life cycle assessment publication-title: J. Clean. Prod. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.070 – ident: ref_14 doi: 10.1109/ChiCC.2016.7553789 – volume: 174 start-page: 359 year: 2019 ident: ref_10 article-title: Building envelope design: Multi-objective optimization to minimize energy consumption, global cost and thermal discomfort. Application to different Italian climatic zones publication-title: Energy doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.182 – volume: 10 start-page: 103 year: 2019 ident: ref_45 article-title: Comparison of evolutionary multi objective optimization algorithms in optimum design of water distribution network publication-title: Ain Shams Eng. J. doi: 10.1016/j.asej.2018.04.003 – volume: 121 start-page: 1620 year: 2015 ident: ref_11 article-title: Analysis on the Influence of Building Envelope to Public Buildings Energy Consumption Based on DeST Simulation publication-title: Procedia Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.09.192 – volume: 40 start-page: 1041 year: 2008 ident: ref_31 article-title: Simulation and experimental validation of the variable-refrigerant-volume (VRV) air-conditioning system in EnergyPlus publication-title: Energy Build. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.04.025 – volume: 55 start-page: 563 year: 2012 ident: ref_3 article-title: A simplified energy performance assessment method for existing buildings based on energy bill disaggregation publication-title: Energy Build. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.09.043 – volume: 32 start-page: 101413 year: 2020 ident: ref_13 article-title: Decision support for retrofitting building envelopes using multi-objective optimization under uncertainties publication-title: J. Build. Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101413 |
| SSID | ssj0000331916 |
| Score | 2.3416297 |
| Snippet | The classroom environment is of great significance for the health of primary and secondary school students, but a comfortable indoor environment often requires... |
| SourceID | unpaywall proquest crossref |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database |
| StartPage | 13119 |
| SubjectTerms | Architecture Secondary schools Software Students Sustainability |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: Unpaywall dbid: UNPAY link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9NAEB5BeigXKIWKQFvNoVwQbuJdJ_aeUJSmqpAaKkEkOFn7ilTVcaLaKSr_hn_K7HrdpgghJI6WZ9ePHc9833oeAEeZTgdCxyzSIp5HCU8UfVKpiORQicE8lXHqgzHPp8OzWfLx66CNJqxCWCVR8UtvpBn5P7ITg34v5j3Ge640jOitzPzDTdhMIjSRClfARTyGraH7x9SBrdn0YvTNNZVrhzd5eZzoPS0v0S_uJ3roie7h5fa6XMnb77IoNjzN6TNQ7T02ASZXx-taHesfv5Vv_K-H2IGnAYfiqFGc5_DIlruw3aYpV7uwN7lPgSPBYAOqF_BzhNPljS3wE1mbRUjjxHPfiRoJAuN4I5AdL5pqFihLg58d-TbuqKn9ieMWuld4WaLv5mevS_Q9vbFtJUq-FSc-QxFP7ILmeY-k2-RPaPxyQRes_eQn8rZwGw0k_hJmp5Mv47MoNHqINBNZHTGTkcntW0ZoSJN22FRK41p3GqYNOU_dF4ZgCRdE56TVSirFjBpKnhjVV2nG96BTLkv7ClAwoxNGn4fQKmF0nhCXtDaJWWw4S7MuvGsXPdehCrprxlHkxIachuQbGtKFozvhVfO6_iy232pPHixAlRNPzOKEyGDchbd3GvW3aV7_o9wbeMJcYI2PqdmHTn29tgeEjGp1GHT_F4PPCWA priority: 102 providerName: Unpaywall |
| Title | A Novel Optimization Method for Conventional Primary and Secondary School Classrooms in Southern China Considering Energy Demand, Thermal Comfort and Daylighting |
| URI | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2608147531 https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/23/13119/pdf?version=1637928379 |
| UnpaywallVersion | publishedVersion |
| Volume | 13 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAFT databaseName: Open Access Digital Library customDbUrl: eissn: 2071-1050 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000331916 issn: 2071-1050 databaseCode: KQ8 dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries – providerCode: PRVEBS databaseName: Inspec with Full Text customDbUrl: eissn: 2071-1050 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000331916 issn: 2071-1050 databaseCode: ADMLS dateStart: 20091201 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.ebsco.com/products/research-databases/inspec-full-text providerName: EBSCOhost – providerCode: PRVFQY databaseName: GFMER Free Medical Journals customDbUrl: eissn: 2071-1050 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000331916 issn: 2071-1050 databaseCode: GX1 dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://www.gfmer.ch/Medical_journals/Free_medical.php providerName: Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 2071-1050 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000331916 issn: 2071-1050 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518 eissn: 2071-1050 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000331916 issn: 2071-1050 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20090301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3fSxtBEB40PliE0qYV01qZB_siPZrdu-RuH0TSGBXBa1AD6dOxvwThcklNbPHP8T91du8uSaH4eNzuHNzM7nyzOzMfwGGi447QjAdasLsgCiNFSyoWgewq0bmLJYt9MuZV2r0YRZfjzngD0roWxqVV1nui36jNVLsz8u-EuxMWEbhmJ7PfgWONcrerNYWGrKgVzLFvMbYJW9yxKjdg68cgHV4vT13aIZkc65aFeiHF-6RvisdC13RG_OuaVnhz-7GYyae_Ms_XXM_ZO3hbYUbslUp-Dxu2aMJOb-0KoAnbdYXxvAm7g1X1Gs2rlu_8Azz3MJ3-sTn-pI1iUlVg4pUnkUZCr9hfy0HHYdmIAmVh8MbFzcY9lW07sV-j7jneF-iJ-OxDgZ6OG2sWUHKLOPDFhXhqJyTnG5JZkiug-dMJfXDhhZ_Kp9ydEdDwjzA6G9z2L4KKoyHQXCSLgJuEdsu25QRkNCnWxlIax7ppuDbk93RbGEIUoaBITFqtpFLcqK4MI6PaKk7CXWgU08LuAQpudMTJsoVWEaf3BJaktRHjzIQ8TlpwVKsn01UDc8ejkWcUyDhdZmu6bMHhcvCs_F3_H7Zf6zmrFu88W5laC74udf-amE-vi_kMb7hLhfFZMPvQWDw82i-EZRbqoDLQA9g8HzN6GqXD3q8XmG75Aw |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3NbtNAEB6V9hCEhEqgIlDaObQXhIW9dmLvoUJpkiqlTaiglXoz-1cJyXFCnVLlcXgRno1Ze50ECfXWo-X12PL8787MB3CQqLjNVcA8xYMbLwojSSoVc090JG_fxCKIy2LM0bgzvIo-X7evN-BP3Qtjyyprm1gaaj1Vdo_8I8XdSRBRcB18mv30LGqUPV2tITSEg1bQR-WIMdfYcWYW95TCFUenfeL3IWMng8ve0HMoA55iPJl7TCek775h5IoVfZqJhdAWN1IzpclyK59r8okhp1xCGCWFlEzLjggjLX0ZJyHRfQJbFHaEpFVbx4PxxdflLo8fkogHnaoxkGj4JF-U_4V2yA3_1xWu4tvGXT4Ti3uRZWuu7mQbnrsYFbuVUL2ADZM34Vl37cihCY26o7lows5g1S1HzzlzUbyE310cT3-ZDL-QYZq4jk8claDVSNEy9tZq3vGiGnyBItf4zebp2l5VY0KxV0f5Bf7IsQT-M7c5lvDfWKOOkhvGQdnMiH0zITofkNSAXA89P53QC-cl8b5YZHZPgpa_gqtH4dYObObT3LwG5EyriJEmcSUjRvcpOBPGRAELdMjipAXva_akyg1Mt7gdWUqJk-VlusbLFhwsF8-q3_X_Zbs1n1NnLIp0JdotOFzy_iEybx4msw-N4eXoPD0_HZ-9hafMluGUFTi7sDm_vTPvKI6ayz0nrAjfH1s__gIfIzNQ |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9NAEB6VVKIICUGgIqXAHNoLwqq9dmLvoUIhD7WUhgio1JvZVyQkx0nrlCo_h7_Dr2LWXidBQr31aHk9tjzv3Zn5AA4SFbe5CpineDDxojCSpFIx90RH8vYkFkFcFmOejzonF9Gny_blFvype2FsWWVtE0tDrWfK7pEfUdydBBEF18HRxJVFjPvDD_MrzyJI2ZPWGk5DOJgFfVyOG3NNHmdmeUvpXHF82ifeHzI2HHzvnXgOccBTjCcLj-mEdN83jNyyos80sRDaYkhqpjRZceVzTf4x5JRXCKOkkJJp2RFhpKUv4yQkug9gO7b9og3Y_jgYjb-udnz8kMQ96FRNgkTDJ1mjXDC0A2_4v25xHevu3ORzsbwVWbbh9oZP4YmLV7FbCdgz2DJ5Ex53N44fmrBTdzcXTdgdrDvn6DlnOorn8LuLo9kvk-EXMlJT1_2J5yWANVLkjL2N-nccV0MwUOQav9mcXduramQo9uqIv8CfOZYggOY6xxIKHGsEUnLJOCgbG7FvpkTnPZJKkBui52dTeuGiJN4Xy8zuT9DyF3BxL9zahUY-y81LQM60ihhpFVcyYnSfAjVhTBSwQIcsTlrwrmZPqtzwdIvhkaWURFlephu8bMHBavG8-l3_X7Zf8zl1hqNI12LegsMV7-8is3c3mbfwkPQk_Xw6OnsFj5ityCmLcfahsbi-Ma8ppFrIN05WEX7ct3r8BTNfN4o |
| linkToUnpaywall | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9NAEB5BeigXKIWKQFvNoVwQbuJdJ_aeUJSmqpAaKkEkOFn7ilTVcaLaKSr_hn_K7HrdpgghJI6WZ9ePHc9833oeAEeZTgdCxyzSIp5HCU8UfVKpiORQicE8lXHqgzHPp8OzWfLx66CNJqxCWCVR8UtvpBn5P7ITg34v5j3Ge640jOitzPzDTdhMIjSRClfARTyGraH7x9SBrdn0YvTNNZVrhzd5eZzoPS0v0S_uJ3roie7h5fa6XMnb77IoNjzN6TNQ7T02ASZXx-taHesfv5Vv_K-H2IGnAYfiqFGc5_DIlruw3aYpV7uwN7lPgSPBYAOqF_BzhNPljS3wE1mbRUjjxHPfiRoJAuN4I5AdL5pqFihLg58d-TbuqKn9ieMWuld4WaLv5mevS_Q9vbFtJUq-FSc-QxFP7ILmeY-k2-RPaPxyQRes_eQn8rZwGw0k_hJmp5Mv47MoNHqINBNZHTGTkcntW0ZoSJN22FRK41p3GqYNOU_dF4ZgCRdE56TVSirFjBpKnhjVV2nG96BTLkv7ClAwoxNGn4fQKmF0nhCXtDaJWWw4S7MuvGsXPdehCrprxlHkxIachuQbGtKFozvhVfO6_iy232pPHixAlRNPzOKEyGDchbd3GvW3aV7_o9wbeMJcYI2PqdmHTn29tgeEjGp1GHT_F4PPCWA |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Novel+Optimization+Method+for+Conventional+Primary+and+Secondary+School+Classrooms+in+Southern+China+Considering+Energy+Demand%2C+Thermal+Comfort+and+Daylighting&rft.jtitle=Sustainability&rft.au=Xu%2C+Yizhe&rft.au=Chengchu+Yan&rft.au=Qian%2C+Hao&rft.au=Sun%2C+Liang&rft.date=2021-12-01&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=2071-1050&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=13119&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fsu132313119&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2071-1050&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2071-1050&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2071-1050&client=summon |