Accurate band gap determination of chemically synthesized cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

[Display omitted] •Cuboidal shaped CoFe2O4 Nanoparticle powder synthesized using wet chemical synthesis technique.•High value of magnetic moment per formula unit confirms the partially inverse spinel crystal structure.•Optical properties studied through Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy of the nanopo...

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Published in	Advanced powder technology : the international journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan Vol. 32; no. 10; pp. 3706 - 3716
Main Authors	Lakshmi, B., Joe Thomas, Babitto, Gopinath, Pramod
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Elsevier B.V 01.10.2021
Subjects	Band gap algorithm Cobalt Ferrite Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Schuster-Kubelka-Munk Formalism Spinel structure Band gap algorithm Schuster-Kubelka-Munk Formalism Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Spinel structure Cobalt Ferrite
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ISSN	0921-8831 1568-5527
DOI	10.1016/j.apt.2021.08.028

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Abstract	[Display omitted] •Cuboidal shaped CoFe2O4 Nanoparticle powder synthesized using wet chemical synthesis technique.•High value of magnetic moment per formula unit confirms the partially inverse spinel crystal structure.•Optical properties studied through Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy of the nanopowder and SKM formalism.•Direct and indirect band gaps accurately determined by applying a detailed band gap estimation algorithm. Optical band gap of cuboidal Cobalt ferrite (CoF) Nanoparticles (NP), synthesized using wet chemical method, was accurately determined, by combining Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) of the nanopowder, Schuster-Kubelka-Munk (SKM) formalism and the application of a detailed band gap estimation algorithm, using which absorption onsets and corresponding base line segments from the Tauc plots were precisely identified. Structural and compositional characterizations such as XRD, FE-SEM, TEM and EDX, were used to conclude that the NP exhibited cubic crystal structure with an average crystallite size of 14 nm. The values of indirect and direct band gaps were calculated to be 0.79 ± 0.01 eV and 1.5 ± 0.01 eV, respectively. The band gap shift for the nanocrystallites, from the bulk band gap, estimated using the effective mass model, came up to a value of 0.084 eV, which corresponded well to the experimentally obtained direct band gap of CoF NP. The direct and indirect band gap values were found to be well consistent with the partially inverse spinel crystal structure of the NP, emphasized using magnetization measurement.
AbstractList	[Display omitted] •Cuboidal shaped CoFe2O4 Nanoparticle powder synthesized using wet chemical synthesis technique.•High value of magnetic moment per formula unit confirms the partially inverse spinel crystal structure.•Optical properties studied through Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy of the nanopowder and SKM formalism.•Direct and indirect band gaps accurately determined by applying a detailed band gap estimation algorithm. Optical band gap of cuboidal Cobalt ferrite (CoF) Nanoparticles (NP), synthesized using wet chemical method, was accurately determined, by combining Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) of the nanopowder, Schuster-Kubelka-Munk (SKM) formalism and the application of a detailed band gap estimation algorithm, using which absorption onsets and corresponding base line segments from the Tauc plots were precisely identified. Structural and compositional characterizations such as XRD, FE-SEM, TEM and EDX, were used to conclude that the NP exhibited cubic crystal structure with an average crystallite size of 14 nm. The values of indirect and direct band gaps were calculated to be 0.79 ± 0.01 eV and 1.5 ± 0.01 eV, respectively. The band gap shift for the nanocrystallites, from the bulk band gap, estimated using the effective mass model, came up to a value of 0.084 eV, which corresponded well to the experimentally obtained direct band gap of CoF NP. The direct and indirect band gap values were found to be well consistent with the partially inverse spinel crystal structure of the NP, emphasized using magnetization measurement.
Author	Lakshmi, B. Joe Thomas, Babitto Gopinath, Pramod
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: B. surname: Lakshmi fullname: Lakshmi, B. organization: International School of Photonics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682022, India – sequence: 2 givenname: Babitto surname: Joe Thomas fullname: Joe Thomas, Babitto organization: School of Pure and Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India – sequence: 3 givenname: Pramod surname: Gopinath fullname: Gopinath, Pramod email: pramod@cusat.ac.in organization: International School of Photonics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682022, India
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Snippet	[Display omitted] •Cuboidal shaped CoFe2O4 Nanoparticle powder synthesized using wet chemical synthesis technique.•High value of magnetic moment per formula...
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SubjectTerms	Band gap algorithm Cobalt Ferrite Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Schuster-Kubelka-Munk Formalism Spinel structure
Title	Accurate band gap determination of chemically synthesized cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
URI	https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2021.08.028
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