Bandwidth-Aware Event-Triggered Load Frequency Control For Power Systems Under Time-Varying Delays

Networked Load frequency control (LFC) inevitably subjects to constrained bandwidth and time delays. However, the network traffic essentially varies from time to time and then the bandwidth status may be only busy during some specific peak periods but idle during others. This paper proposes a bandwi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inIEEE transactions on power systems Vol. 38; no. 5; pp. 4530 - 4541
Main Authors Zhao, Xin, Zou, Suli, Wang, Peng, Ma, Zhongjing
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York IEEE 01.09.2023
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects
Bandwidth
Bandwidths
Co-design
Communications traffic
Control systems
Data systems
Data transmission
Delays
Event-triggered control
Frequency control
load frequency control
Load modeling
Mathematical models
Parameters
Peak periods
Phasor measurement units
Power system stability
Regulation
Sampled data systems
sampled-data control
Time lag
Time varying control
time-varying delays
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0885-8950
1558-0679
DOI10.1109/TPWRS.2022.3213784

Cover

Abstract Networked Load frequency control (LFC) inevitably subjects to constrained bandwidth and time delays. However, the network traffic essentially varies from time to time and then the bandwidth status may be only busy during some specific peak periods but idle during others. This paper proposes a bandwidth-aware event-triggered load frequency control (ETLFC) scheme for multi-area power systems under time-varying delays by incorporating bandwidth-aware adaptive regulation scheme into decentralized ETLFC scheme. Different from existing time-delay ETLFC model, a model of aperiodic sampled-data system with time delay is constructed for the ETLFC scheme to obtain less conservative stability and co-design conditions based on looped Lyapunov functional. The regulation scheme is designed to adaptively adjust the threshold parameter of the ETLFC scheme based on variable bandwidth status and system output change in order to lessen communication burden while ensuring desired control performance. For fixed output change, a better bandwidth status generates a smaller threshold parameter to raise the triggering frequency in order to utilize available communication resources to improve control performance rather than unilaterally reduce data transmissions in the existing research. Case studies are undertaken by an IEEE 39-bus test system to show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed scheme.
AbstractList Networked Load frequency control (LFC) inevitably subjects to constrained bandwidth and time delays. However, the network traffic essentially varies from time to time and then the bandwidth status may be only busy during some specific peak periods but idle during others. This paper proposes a bandwidth-aware event-triggered load frequency control (ETLFC) scheme for multi-area power systems under time-varying delays by incorporating bandwidth-aware adaptive regulation scheme into decentralized ETLFC scheme. Different from existing time-delay ETLFC model, a model of aperiodic sampled-data system with time delay is constructed for the ETLFC scheme to obtain less conservative stability and co-design conditions based on looped Lyapunov functional. The regulation scheme is designed to adaptively adjust the threshold parameter of the ETLFC scheme based on variable bandwidth status and system output change in order to lessen communication burden while ensuring desired control performance. For fixed output change, a better bandwidth status generates a smaller threshold parameter to raise the triggering frequency in order to utilize available communication resources to improve control performance rather than unilaterally reduce data transmissions in the existing research. Case studies are undertaken by an IEEE 39-bus test system to show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed scheme.
Author Wang, Peng
Zou, Suli
Zhao, Xin
Ma, Zhongjing
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Xin
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8243-1538
  surname: Zhao
  fullname: Zhao, Xin
  email: xinzhaofir@163.com
  organization: School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Suli
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1508-8458
  surname: Zou
  fullname: Zou, Suli
  email: sulizou@bit.edu.cn
  organization: School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Peng
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6639-5322
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Peng
  email: wangpeng2020@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
  organization: School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Zhongjing
  orcidid: 0000-0002-1617-7201
  surname: Ma
  fullname: Ma, Zhongjing
  email: mazhongjing@bit.edu.cn.
  organization: School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
BookMark eNp9kE9PAjEQxRujiYB-Ab008bzYP3S3PSKCmpBIBPS4qdtZLIEW20Wy395FiAcPniaTeW_ey6-NTp13gNAVJV1KibqdTd5epl1GGOtyRnkmeyeoRYWQCUkzdYpaREqRSCXIOWrHuCSEpM2hhd7vtDM7a6qPpL_TAfDwC1yVzIJdLCCAwWOvDR4F-NyCK2o88K4KfoVHPuCJ30HA0zpWsI547kyzzewaklcdausW-B5Wuo4X6KzUqwiXx9lB89FwNnhMxs8PT4P-OCmYElUCRlMqmChKmXJqFEDWE0JRZrgxaZFpowqV8kJrxTmATNOSiV6WKtBAS0N5B90c_m6Cb9rGKl_6bXBNZM6k4IRxxbNGxQ6qIvgYA5T5Jth1UzinJN-zzH9Y5nuW-ZFlY5J_TIWtdGX3MLRd_W-9PlgtAPxmKUUzzhT_Bq_nhPQ
CODEN ITPSEG
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1109_TII_2024_3390549
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jfranklin_2024_107427
crossref_primary_10_1002_asjc_3147
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2024_3365473
crossref_primary_10_3390_smartcities8020039
crossref_primary_10_1098_rspa_2023_0585
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2023_3338219
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2024_3382146
crossref_primary_10_1360_SSI_2024_0086
Cites_doi 10.1007/978-3-319-07278-4
10.1109/TIE.2015.2399394
10.1007/s11633-021-1306-z
10.1016/j.automatica.2019.108764
10.1109/JETCAS.2022.3141108
10.1109/TPWRS.2016.2633540
10.1109/TSG.2011.2105287
10.1109/TPWRS.2011.2172821
10.1109/TSG.2022.3168440
10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2228281
10.1109/TCST.2021.3070861
10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2816814
10.1016/j.automatica.2020.109479
10.1016/j.rser.2017.02.064
10.1109/TPWRS.2020.2999488
10.1109/JAS.2019.1911651
10.1109/TFUZZ.2021.3112232
10.1109/TSG.2020.3022094
10.1109/TII.2020.3026336
10.1109/TCST.2021.3061556
10.1109/TCST.2016.2535400
10.1109/TII.2015.2479558
10.1109/TII.2011.2166794
10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.139
10.1109/TIE.2017.2726965
10.1109/TSTE.2015.2496970
10.1109/TPWRS.2021.3056594
10.1016/j.automatica.2011.09.033
10.1109/TCSI.2021.3117048
10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118294
10.1109/TPWRS.2020.2980883
10.1109/TII.2017.2751510
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2023
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2023
DBID 97E
RIA
RIE
AAYXX
CITATION
7SP
7TB
8FD
FR3
KR7
L7M
DOI 10.1109/TPWRS.2022.3213784
DatabaseName Accès INSA - IEEE Xplore ASPP 2005
IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
CrossRef
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Engineering Research Database
Civil Engineering Abstracts
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Civil Engineering Abstracts
Engineering Research Database
Technology Research Database
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
DatabaseTitleList
Civil Engineering Abstracts
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: RIE
  name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 1558-0679
EndPage 4541
ExternalDocumentID 10_1109_TPWRS_2022_3213784
9917329
Genre orig-research
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China
  grantid: 61873303
  funderid: 10.13039/501100001809
– fundername: International Coorperation Research Program of Beijing Institute of Technology
  grantid: GZ2019065101
GroupedDBID -~X
.DC
0R~
29I
3EH
4.4
5GY
5VS
6IK
85S
97E
AAJGR
AARMG
AASAJ
AAWTH
ABAZT
ABFSI
ABQJQ
ABVLG
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACIWK
ACKIV
AENEX
AETIX
AGQYO
AGSQL
AHBIQ
AI.
AIBXA
AKJIK
AKQYR
ALLEH
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ASUFR
ATWAV
BEFXN
BFFAM
BGNUA
BKEBE
BPEOZ
CS3
DU5
E.L
EBS
EJD
HZ~
H~9
ICLAB
IFIPE
IFJZH
IPLJI
JAVBF
LAI
M43
MS~
O9-
OCL
P2P
RIA
RIE
RNS
TAE
TN5
VH1
VJK
AAYXX
CITATION
7SP
7TB
8FD
FR3
KR7
L7M
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-eda11525cf8631d9ee7455912d3dd6c7ad9c963caa933ee866f254769eae1fd13
IEDL.DBID RIE
ISSN 0885-8950
IngestDate Fri Jul 25 18:56:43 EDT 2025
Wed Oct 01 02:20:57 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:04:47 EDT 2025
Wed Aug 27 02:18:15 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 5
Language English
License https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html
https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029
https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c295t-eda11525cf8631d9ee7455912d3dd6c7ad9c963caa933ee866f254769eae1fd13
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0000-0002-1617-7201
0000-0003-1508-8458
0000-0002-8243-1538
0000-0001-6639-5322
PQID 2853023937
PQPubID 85441
PageCount 12
ParticipantIDs proquest_journals_2853023937
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2022_3213784
crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_TPWRS_2022_3213784
ieee_primary_9917329
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2023-Sept.
2023-9-00
20230901
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2023-09-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 09
  year: 2023
  text: 2023-Sept.
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace New York
PublicationPlace_xml – name: New York
PublicationTitle IEEE transactions on power systems
PublicationTitleAbbrev TPWRS
PublicationYear 2023
Publisher IEEE
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher_xml – name: IEEE
– name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
References ref13
ref12
ref15
ref14
ref30
ref11
ref33
ref10
ref32
ref2
ref1
ref17
ref16
ref19
ref18
hiskens (ref31) 2013
ref24
ref23
ref26
ref25
ref20
ref22
ref21
ref28
ref27
ref29
ref8
ref7
ref9
ref4
ref3
ref6
ref5
References_xml – ident: ref1
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-07278-4
– ident: ref17
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2015.2399394
– ident: ref16
  doi: 10.1007/s11633-021-1306-z
– ident: ref32
  doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2019.108764
– ident: ref4
  doi: 10.1109/JETCAS.2022.3141108
– ident: ref5
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2016.2633540
– ident: ref11
  doi: 10.1109/TSG.2011.2105287
– ident: ref13
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2011.2172821
– ident: ref10
  doi: 10.1109/TSG.2022.3168440
– ident: ref30
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2228281
– ident: ref24
  doi: 10.1109/TCST.2021.3070861
– ident: ref28
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2018.2816814
– ident: ref20
  doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2020.109479
– ident: ref14
  doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.02.064
– ident: ref19
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2020.2999488
– ident: ref15
  doi: 10.1109/JAS.2019.1911651
– year: 2013
  ident: ref31
  article-title: IEEE PES task force on benchmark systems for stability controls
– ident: ref9
  doi: 10.1109/TFUZZ.2021.3112232
– ident: ref22
  doi: 10.1109/TSG.2020.3022094
– ident: ref3
  doi: 10.1109/TII.2020.3026336
– ident: ref7
  doi: 10.1109/TCST.2021.3061556
– ident: ref6
  doi: 10.1109/TCST.2016.2535400
– ident: ref12
  doi: 10.1109/TII.2015.2479558
– ident: ref8
  doi: 10.1109/TII.2011.2166794
– ident: ref21
  doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.139
– ident: ref23
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2017.2726965
– ident: ref2
  doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2015.2496970
– ident: ref27
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2021.3056594
– ident: ref33
  doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2011.09.033
– ident: ref18
  doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2021.3117048
– ident: ref26
  doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118294
– ident: ref25
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2020.2980883
– ident: ref29
  doi: 10.1109/TII.2017.2751510
SSID ssj0006679
Score 2.4983525
Snippet Networked Load frequency control (LFC) inevitably subjects to constrained bandwidth and time delays. However, the network traffic essentially varies from time...
SourceID proquest
crossref
ieee
SourceType Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 4530
SubjectTerms Bandwidth
Bandwidths
Co-design
Communications traffic
Control systems
Data systems
Data transmission
Delays
Event-triggered control
Frequency control
load frequency control
Load modeling
Mathematical models
Parameters
Peak periods
Phasor measurement units
Power system stability
Regulation
Sampled data systems
sampled-data control
Time lag
Time varying control
time-varying delays
Title Bandwidth-Aware Event-Triggered Load Frequency Control For Power Systems Under Time-Varying Delays
URI https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9917329
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2853023937
Volume 38
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVIEE
  databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1558-0679
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0006679
  issn: 0885-8950
  databaseCode: RIE
  dateStart: 19860101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  providerName: IEEE
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1NT9wwEB0Bp_YAbSligVY-9AZekjjxx5FSVqgqFaJL4Rb5YwxV0S4KWSH662s72RVtEapyycGWLL2xPZO8eQ_gg_W-8syF4DWC0ZJJQ5XXFc1QGGW8NryM_c4nX_nxefn5srpcgr1FLwwiJvIZDuNr-pfvpnYWP5Xth1xGsEItw7KQvOvVWpy6nHe6elJWVKoqmzfIZGp_fHpx9i2UgkUxZEXOhCz_uISSq8o_R3G6X0ZrcDJfWUcr-TmctWZof_0l2vi_S38Fq32iSQ66yHgNSzh5Ay8fyQ-ug_moJ-7-h2uv6cG9bpAcRfIjHYeC_SpaeJIvU-3IqOnY1g_ksKO1k9G0IafRXY30euckuSeR2E5Cv-smdk6RT3ijH-7ewvnoaHx4THvPBWoLVbUUnc6jJZL1krPcKURRhqIjLxxzjluhnbJhz1qtFWOIknMfSkzBFWrMvcvZBqxMphPcBOIyJaL0gFRlFR_NrdQh38l15U3m9QDyOQi17QXJoy_GTZ0Kk0zVCbg6Alf3wA1gdzHntpPjeHb0ekRiMbIHYQA7c6zrfsfe1YVM_kkhW9t6etY2vIhW8x2_bAdW2maG70JC0pr3KRJ_A9d-3Xw
linkProvider IEEE
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3LbtQwFL0qZQEs2kJBnb7wgh14msSP2MvSdjTATFXBFLqL_KSIagalGVXt12M7mVF5CKFssrAlS-favjc59xyAV8Z75okNwatLgikRGkuvGM5cqaX2SnMa-53Hp3x4Tt9fsIsVeLPshXHOJfKZ68fX9C_fzsw8fio7CLlMSQr5AB4ySilru7WW5y7nrbKeEAwLybJFi0wmDyZnXz5-CsVgUfRJkZNS0F-uoeSr8sdhnG6YwTqMF2triSXf-_NG983db7KN_7v4DVjrUk102MbGU1hx02fw5J4A4Sbot2pqb77Z5hIf3qjaoZNIf8STULJ_jSaeaDRTFg3qlm99i45aYjsazGp0Fv3VUKd4jpJ_EooNJfizqmPvFDp2V-r2-jmcD04mR0PcuS5gU0jWYGdVHk2RjBec5FY6V9JQduSFJdZyUyorTdi1RilJiHOCcx-KzJJLp1zubU5ewOp0NnVbgGwmyyg-ICRl8VHcCBUynlwxrzOvepAvQKhMJ0kenTGuqlSaZLJKwFURuKoDrgevl3N-tIIc_xy9GZFYjuxA6MHuAuuq27PXVSGSg1LI17b_PuslPBpOxqNq9O70ww48jsbzLdtsF1abeu72QnrS6P0UlT8BmIfgyQ
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bandwidth-Aware+Event-Triggered+Load+Frequency+Control+For+Power+Systems+Under+Time-Varying+Delays&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+power+systems&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Xin&rft.au=Zou%2C+Suli&rft.au=Wang%2C+Peng&rft.au=Ma%2C+Zhongjing&rft.date=2023-09-01&rft.issn=0885-8950&rft.eissn=1558-0679&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=4530&rft.epage=4541&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTPWRS.2022.3213784&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1109_TPWRS_2022_3213784
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0885-8950&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0885-8950&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0885-8950&client=summon