Optimal Placement and Sizing of Reactive Power Compensation Devices in Power Grids with High Penetration of Distributed Generation
To address voltage stability challenges in power grids with high penetration of distributed generation (DG), this paper proposes an optimal configuration method for reactive power compensation devices. Voltage-weak nodes are first identified using a novel short-circuit ratio (SCR) index. An average...
Saved in:
| Published in | Processes Vol. 13; no. 9; p. 2953 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Basel
MDPI AG
16.09.2025
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2227-9717 2227-9717 |
| DOI | 10.3390/pr13092953 |
Cover
| Abstract | To address voltage stability challenges in power grids with high penetration of distributed generation (DG), this paper proposes an optimal configuration method for reactive power compensation devices. Voltage-weak nodes are first identified using a novel short-circuit ratio (SCR) index. An average electrical distance metric is then introduced to determine optimal installation nodes by computing distances between candidate nodes and weak nodes. Subject to constraints on maximum compensation capacity and allowable DG disconnection limits, MATLAB simulations validate the optimal configuration. Case studies on modified IEEE 9, 14 and 39 bus systems confirm the method’s efficacy: DG tripping due to low-/high-voltage ride-through failures is effectively mitigated, with minimum fault voltage increasing by 0.05–0.08 p.u. and voltage recovery time reduced by 0.15–0.8 s. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | To address voltage stability challenges in power grids with high penetration of distributed generation (DG), this paper proposes an optimal configuration method for reactive power compensation devices. Voltage-weak nodes are first identified using a novel short-circuit ratio (SCR) index. An average electrical distance metric is then introduced to determine optimal installation nodes by computing distances between candidate nodes and weak nodes. Subject to constraints on maximum compensation capacity and allowable DG disconnection limits, MATLAB simulations validate the optimal configuration. Case studies on modified IEEE 9, 14 and 39 bus systems confirm the method’s efficacy: DG tripping due to low-/high-voltage ride-through failures is effectively mitigated, with minimum fault voltage increasing by 0.05–0.08 p.u. and voltage recovery time reduced by 0.15–0.8 s. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Niu, Tao Feng, Yuyao Yan, Jun Zhang, Yufan Lei, Yuli Feng, Nan |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nan surname: Feng fullname: Feng, Nan – sequence: 2 givenname: Tao surname: Niu fullname: Niu, Tao – sequence: 3 givenname: Jun surname: Yan fullname: Yan, Jun – sequence: 4 givenname: Yufan surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Yufan – sequence: 5 givenname: Yuyao surname: Feng fullname: Feng, Yuyao – sequence: 6 givenname: Yuli surname: Lei fullname: Lei, Yuli |
| BookMark | eNp9kd9LwzAQx4NMcE5f_AsCvimdadM27eOYOgVhwx_PJU2uW0aX1CTbmI_-5UYq6JO5h4R8P3fc9-4UDbTRgNBFTMaUluSmszElZVJm9AgNkyRhUcliNvjzPkHnzq1JOGVMiywfos9559WGt3jRcgEb0B5zLfGL-lB6iU2Dn4ELr3aAF2YPFk_NpgPtuFdG41vYKQEOK_2jzqySDu-VX-EHtVzhBWjwtodDrVvlvFX11oPEsyD1yhk6bnjr4PznHqG3-7vX6UP0NJ89TidPkQiWfCQpr3kaSyKzMqcANcQir6ngCeOSE17URDSxTHieCgll2uSkZnnaABBG6yKjI3Td193qjh_2vG2rzgbv9lDFpPqeYPU7wUBf9nRnzfsWnK_WZmt1aLCiSZbmNC2yJFDjnlryFiqlGxPsihASNkqE9TQq_E-KjDFSFiwNCVd9grDGOQvNfz18ATb8keE |
| Cites_doi | 10.1109/ACFPE63443.2024.10801064 10.1109/ACPEE56931.2023.10135829 10.1109/TPWRS.2021.3062218 10.1109/EPDC59105.2023.10218402 10.1049/ein2.12002 10.1109/TPWRS.2021.3133358 10.1049/ein2.12022 10.1109/TSTE.2024.3380605 10.1109/PEDG54999.2022.9923155 10.1109/TSG.2022.3154023 10.1109/TPWRS.2022.3158306 10.1109/TWC.2021.3102626 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG – notice: 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7SR 8FD 8FE 8FG 8FH ABJCF ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI CCPQU D1I DWQXO GNUQQ HCIFZ JG9 KB. LK8 M7P PDBOC PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PKEHL PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS ADTOC UNPAY |
| DOI | 10.3390/pr13092953 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Engineered Materials Abstracts Technology Research Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest Natural Science Journals Materials Science & Engineering Collection (subscription) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials Biological Science Database (Proquest) ProQuest Central Technology Collection Natural Science Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Materials Science Collection ProQuest Central ProQuest Central Student SciTech Premium Collection Materials Research Database Materials Science Database ProQuest Biological Science Collection Biological Science Database Materials Science Collection ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Unpaywall for CDI: Periodical Content Unpaywall |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database Materials Research Database ProQuest Central Student Technology Collection Technology Research Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials Materials Science Collection ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences Engineered Materials Abstracts Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Biological Science Collection Materials Science Database ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Materials Science Collection ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Technology Collection Biological Science Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Materials Science & Engineering Collection ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) |
| DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: UNPAY name: Unpaywall url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://unpaywall.org/ sourceTypes: Open Access Repository – sequence: 2 dbid: 8FG name: ProQuest Technology Collection url: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1 sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering Sciences (General) |
| EISSN | 2227-9717 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10.3390/pr13092953 A857709874 10_3390_pr13092953 |
| GeographicLocations | China |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: China |
| GroupedDBID | 5VS 8FE 8FG 8FH AADQD AAFWJ AAYXX ABJCF ACIWK ACPRK ADBBV ADMLS AFKRA AFZYC ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BBNVY BCNDV BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI CCPQU CITATION D1I HCIFZ IAO IGS ITC KB. KQ8 LK8 M7P MODMG M~E OK1 PDBOC PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PQGLB PROAC RNS 7SR 8FD ABUWG AZQEC DWQXO GNUQQ JG9 PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PUEGO ADTOC IPNFZ RIG UNPAY |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c295t-d3aba41d0d5963eebe1c6b3ca27ada0a8b0cf1d2a64cde94f60b764fee073b853 |
| IEDL.DBID | UNPAY |
| ISSN | 2227-9717 |
| IngestDate | Fri Sep 19 05:57:39 EDT 2025 Fri Sep 26 22:32:38 EDT 2025 Tue Oct 07 10:03:21 EDT 2025 Thu Oct 16 04:46:59 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 9 |
| Language | English |
| License | cc-by |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c295t-d3aba41d0d5963eebe1c6b3ca27ada0a8b0cf1d2a64cde94f60b764fee073b853 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/13/9/2953/pdf?version=1758025839 |
| PQID | 3254634852 |
| PQPubID | 2032344 |
| ParticipantIDs | unpaywall_primary_10_3390_pr13092953 proquest_journals_3254634852 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A857709874 crossref_primary_10_3390_pr13092953 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2025-09-16 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2025-09-16 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 09 year: 2025 text: 2025-09-16 day: 16 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Basel |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Basel |
| PublicationTitle | Processes |
| PublicationYear | 2025 |
| Publisher | MDPI AG |
| Publisher_xml | – name: MDPI AG |
| References | Ibrahim (ref_15) 2022; 37 Rayati (ref_23) 2022; 13 Shyamal (ref_1) 2022; 58 Zhang (ref_18) 2024; 52 Zhang (ref_5) 2024; 1 Huang (ref_20) 2024; 44 Hong (ref_12) 2024; 15 Zhu (ref_16) 2022; 21 ref_13 Fan (ref_6) 2024; 1 Li (ref_10) 2020; 44 Yin (ref_14) 2021; 36 ref_22 Yuan (ref_9) 2023; 50 Wang (ref_3) 2023; 47 Xue (ref_11) 2023; 47 ref_17 Hao (ref_4) 2023; 51 ref_8 Zhang (ref_19) 2023; 41 Dong (ref_21) 2024; 51 ref_7 Zhang (ref_2) 2022; 38 |
| References_xml | – volume: 44 start-page: 4513 year: 2020 ident: ref_10 article-title: Hierarchical multi-objective safety margin optimization of renewable energy island collecting delivery system by VSC-HVDC publication-title: Power Syst. Technol. – volume: 58 start-page: 5395 year: 2022 ident: ref_1 article-title: Distributed control of distributed energy resources in active power distribution system for local power balance with optimal spectralclustering publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Syst. – ident: ref_17 doi: 10.1109/ACFPE63443.2024.10801064 – ident: ref_13 doi: 10.1109/ACPEE56931.2023.10135829 – volume: 36 start-page: 2741 year: 2021 ident: ref_14 article-title: Analytical expression on transient overvoltage peak value of converter buscaused by DC faults publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Syst. doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2021.3062218 – volume: 41 start-page: 1658 year: 2023 ident: ref_19 article-title: Research on optimization method of new energy grid-connected output of the receiving power grid based on short-circuit ratio constraint publication-title: Renew. Energy Resour. – ident: ref_7 doi: 10.1109/EPDC59105.2023.10218402 – volume: 47 start-page: 3 year: 2023 ident: ref_3 article-title: Market mechanisms and implementation methodsfor distributed sources and loads participating in ancillary services publication-title: Autom. Electr. Power Syst. – volume: 1 start-page: 63 year: 2024 ident: ref_5 article-title: Analysis for integrated energy system: Benchmarking methods and implementation publication-title: Energy Internet doi: 10.1049/ein2.12002 – volume: 37 start-page: 3805 year: 2022 ident: ref_15 article-title: Alternating Optimization Approach for Voltage-Secure Multi-Period Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Syst. doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2021.3133358 – volume: 1 start-page: 123 year: 2024 ident: ref_6 article-title: Review of methodology and best practice of power system restoration plan publication-title: Energy Internet doi: 10.1049/ein2.12022 – volume: 15 start-page: 1834 year: 2024 ident: ref_12 article-title: MADRL-Based DSO-Customer Coordinated Bi-Level Volt/VAR Optimization Method for Power Distribution Networks publication-title: IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2024.3380605 – volume: 50 start-page: 11 year: 2023 ident: ref_9 article-title: Influence and Optimization of Low-voltage Distributed Photovoltaic Reactive Power in Active Distribution Network Based on the Power Flow Reverse Point publication-title: Shandong Electr. Power – ident: ref_8 doi: 10.1109/PEDG54999.2022.9923155 – volume: 51 start-page: 1 year: 2024 ident: ref_21 article-title: Urban Distribution Network Dynamic Reactive Power Optimization Considering Electrical Vehicle Station publication-title: Shandong Electr. Power – ident: ref_22 – volume: 13 start-page: 2920 year: 2022 ident: ref_23 article-title: Distributionally Robust Chance Constrained Optimization for Providing Flexibility in an Active Distribution Network publication-title: IEEE Trans. Smart Grid doi: 10.1109/TSG.2022.3154023 – volume: 47 start-page: 57 year: 2023 ident: ref_11 article-title: Master-Slave Cooperative Dynamic Reactive Power Optimization Method Considering Transient Voltage Security of High Proportion of Wind Power publication-title: Autom. Electr. Power Syst. – volume: 51 start-page: 23 year: 2023 ident: ref_4 article-title: Carrying capacity evaluation of multipledistributed power supply access to the distribution network with the background of a new power system publication-title: Power Syst. Prot. Control – volume: 38 start-page: 589 year: 2022 ident: ref_2 article-title: Distributed cooperative voltage control for grid-following and grid-forming DGs in islanded microgrids publication-title: IEEE Trans. Power Syst. doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2022.3158306 – volume: 21 start-page: 1156 year: 2022 ident: ref_16 article-title: Multi-Connection Based Scalable Video Streaming in UDNs: A Multi-Agent Multi-Armed Bandit Approach publication-title: IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2021.3102626 – volume: 52 start-page: 170 year: 2024 ident: ref_18 article-title: A simultaneous commutation failure assessment method considering reactive powerand voltage characteristics in multi-infeed HVDC systems publication-title: Power Syst. Prot. Control – volume: 44 start-page: 5960 year: 2024 ident: ref_20 article-title: A New Multi-Infeed Short Circuit Ratio Index Taking into Account the Amplitude and Phase Characteristics of New Energy publication-title: Proc. CSEE |
| SSID | ssj0000913856 |
| Score | 2.3059328 |
| Snippet | To address voltage stability challenges in power grids with high penetration of distributed generation (DG), this paper proposes an optimal configuration... |
| SourceID | unpaywall proquest gale crossref |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database |
| StartPage | 2953 |
| SubjectTerms | Alternative energy Alternative energy sources Case studies Compensation Configurations Distributed generation Nodes Optimization Reactive power Recovery time Renewable resources Short circuits Voltage Voltage stability Weak nodes |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: ProQuest Central dbid: BENPR link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1LSwMxEB60PagHsT6wvggoqIfFfSTZ7UHEVxXBWnyAtyWbpFDQbW0rokd_uTPbrK9DzyHJbr7Ml8kk-QZgBw0swa2s9uis0OMRz7wM11FPBCqQJjFCFwG365a8fOBXj-JxClrlWxi6VllyYkHUpqcpRn4QFcLtPBHhUf_Fo6xRdLpaptBQLrWCOSwkxqahGpIyVgWqJ-et9u131IVUMBMhxzqlEe73D_oDZHH0EUT0Z2X6z89zMPOa99X7m3p6-rUANRdg3nmO7HgMdQ2mbL4Ic7_0BBeh5ix1yPacnPT-EnzeICs8Y802RcwpGMhUbthd9wPrsF6H3VpVkB5rU8Y0RgyBe9sCMXZmCyZh3dyVXgy6ZsgoesvoighrYz9OeZfaOiMdXkqhZQ0bfwKVLMND8_z-9NJzmRc8jSMx8kykMsUD4xuBBmoR6EDLLNIqjJVRvkoyX3cCEyrJtbEN3pF-FkvesRYZI0MPYAUqeS-3q8BCoTQ6bVZEViA_NBKl49ggODLG5nSjDtvlqKf9scBGihsTwib9waYOuwRISlaHP6WVezyAfZB-VXqciDj2cdLxOmyUmKXOHIfpz-Spw843jhP6W5vcyjrMhpQHmFJJyA2ojAavdhOdk1G25WbcF6XO5ZQ priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | Optimal Placement and Sizing of Reactive Power Compensation Devices in Power Grids with High Penetration of Distributed Generation |
| URI | https://www.proquest.com/docview/3254634852 https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/13/9/2953/pdf?version=1758025839 |
| UnpaywallVersion | publishedVersion |
| Volume | 13 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVAFT databaseName: Open Access Digital Library customDbUrl: eissn: 2227-9717 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000913856 issn: 2227-9717 databaseCode: KQ8 dateStart: 20130101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://grweb.coalliance.org/oadl/oadl.html providerName: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries – providerCode: PRVEBS databaseName: Inspec with Full Text customDbUrl: eissn: 2227-9717 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000913856 issn: 2227-9717 databaseCode: ADMLS dateStart: 20150601 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.ebsco.com/products/research-databases/inspec-full-text providerName: EBSCOhost – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 2227-9717 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000913856 issn: 2227-9717 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20130101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518 eissn: 2227-9717 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000913856 issn: 2227-9717 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20130301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Technology Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 2227-9717 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0000913856 issn: 2227-9717 databaseCode: 8FG dateStart: 20130301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1 providerName: ProQuest |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwEB7R3QP0ALRQsVBWlqgEPaR5OHaSE1robiukLlFhpXJKHduRVpR0tQ8QPXDglzOTeKH0UCFxjBzbsWb8zSP2NwB7uMFSDGW1R_8KvZjHpVeiHfVEqEJpUiN0k3A7GcvjSfzuTJy5OqcLd6wSQ_FpA9J0T9PLMODwQ-5nfpQJ7s9M9fqrSyWh6UvRZqON34CuFOiMd6A7GeeDT1RSbt25JSXlGNz7szlCdkbj_GWGboLxJtxd1TP1_Zu6uLhmbUYP4Hz9ne0hk88Hq2V5oK9uUDj-x0Iewn3nibJBqzpbcMfW27B5jZ9wG7bczl-wV46eev8R_HyPKPMFe-aUgafkIlO1YR-mV9iHXVbs1KoGRFlOFdgYIQ7Gyo0GsEPbIBOb1q71aD41C0bZYEZHTliO8zgmXxrrkHh9qSSXNaz9BGp5DJPR8OPbY89VcvA0rnXpGa5KFYcmMCgkblFxQi1LrlWUKKMClZaBrkITKRlrY7O4kkGZyLiyFhGoRI9iBzr1ZW2fAIuE0ugEWsGtQLzJUqWTxIRRKBMcTmc9eLEWbDFrCTsKDHRI_MUf8ffgJcm8oF2Mi9LKXUbAOYgPqxikIkkCVOK4B7trtSjc9l4UvKkiEKci6sHeb1W5Zb6n__baM7gXUX1hKlEhd6GznK_sc3R6lmUfNtLRUR-6b4bj_BSfTn4M-07ZfwGRPgCY |
| linkProvider | Unpaywall |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1LT9wwEB4hOACHqjyqbkvBElRtDxGJYzvJAVWUBZbXdkVB4hYc2yutRLPb3UWIHvvD-G2dyTq8Dtw4W7bjzMsztr8PYAMNLMVU1gR0VhiIWBRBgXE0kJGOlE2tNFXB7aStWufi8EJeTMFd_RaGrlXWPrFy1LZvqEa-GVfA7SKV_PvgT0CsUXS6WlNoaE-tYLcqiDH_sOPI3d5gCjfaOmiivD9zvrd7ttMKPMtAYHgmx4GNdaFFZEMrURkdLioyqoiN5om2OtRpEZpuZLlWwliXia4Ki0SJrnNoHUVKrBEYAmZwmRkmfzM_dtud0_sqD6FuplJNcFHjOAs3B0OMGrgnkfGTSPg8HszD7HU50Lc3-urqUcDbewtv_E6VbU9UawGmXLkI84_wCxdhwXuGEfvq4au_LcG_n-iFfmPPDlXoqfjIdGnZr95f7MP6XXbqdOVkWYcY2hh5JMylKw1hTVd5LtYrfev-sGdHjKrFjK6ksA7O45F-aawm4f4SZZezbPIJ1LIM568ig3cwXfZL9x4Yl9rgJtHJ2En0R1mqTZLYiEcqweFM1oD1-q_ngwmgR46JEMkmf5BNA76QQHKyclyU0f6xAs5BeFn5diqTJEQlFw1YqWWWe_Mf5Q_K2oCNezm-MN-Hl0dZg9nW2clxfnzQPvoIc5w4iInGQq3A9Hh47T7hxmhcrHrtY3D52gr_HwzRJTE |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwEB5VRSr0gGgLYqEPS7QCDtEmju0khwpV3W6flBVQqbfg2I60Uskuu1tV5cjP4tcxkzh9cOitZ8t2nPn8jT22vwHYxAmW4lbWBHRWGIhYFEGBfjSQkY6UTa00dcDt86k6OBNH5_J8Dv62b2HoWmXLiTVR25GhGHk3roXbRSp5t_TXIga9_qfxr4AySNFJa5tOo4HIsbu-wu3bdPuwh7be4ry_9333IPAZBgLDMzkLbKwLLSIbWolAdDigyKgiNpon2upQp0VoyshyrYSxLhOlCotEidI5nBlFShkjkP6fJKTiTq_U-_s38R3S20ylahRR4zgLu-MJ-gtcjcj4ng_83xMswtPLaqyvr_TFxR1X138Bz_0ale00oFqCOVctw-Id5cJlWPKcMGUfvHD1xxX48wX55yfWHFBsnsKOTFeWfRv-xjpsVLKvTtf0ygaUm40RF-EuusYG67mas9iw8qX7k6GdMooTM7qMwgbYj9f4pbZ6pPhLybqcZc0nUMlLOHsUC7yC-WpUudfAuNQGl4dOxk4iE2WpNkliIx6pBJszWQfetX89HzdSHjlugcg2-a1tOvCeDJLT_MZBGe2fKWAfpJSV76QySUKEt-jAamuz3E_8aX4L0w5s3tjxgf7ePNzKBiwgzPOTw9Pjt_CMU_Jhyl-hVmF-Nrl0a7gimhXrNfQY_HhsrP8DIvMiyw |
| linkToUnpaywall | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LTxRBEK7oclAOKKhxAUknkKiHYR79mJmT2QhISICNugmexn5NshGHzT40cPSXWzXTq8jBmHju6Veq-qvHdNcHsIcHrMBQ1kb0rzASXJjIoB2NZKpT5QonbZtwOz1TxyNxciEvAs_pLFyrxFB83II0vdOMSgw44pTHZZyVkscTV7_5FlJJaPoKtNlo4-_DipLojPdgZXQ2HHwiSrll564oKcfgPp5MEbJLGucPM3QXjFfhwaKZ6Ovv-vLylrU5egSfl-vsLpl82V_Mzb69uVPC8T828hjWgifKBp3qrMM932zA6q36hBuwHk7-jL0K5alfP4Ef54gyX7HnkDLwlFxkunHsw_gG-7Crmr33ugVRNiQGNkaIg7FyqwHswLfIxMZNaH03HbsZo2wwoysnbIjzhEq-NNYB1fUlSi7vWLcEankKo6PDj2-Po8DkEFnc6zxyXBstUpc4FBL3qDipVYZbneXa6UQXJrF16jKthHW-FLVKTK5E7T0ikEGP4hn0mqvGPweWSW3RCfSSe4l4Uxba5rlLs1TlOJwt-7C7FGw16Qp2VBjokPir3-Lvw0uSeUWnGDdldXiMgHNQPaxqUMg8T1CJRR-2l2pRheM9q3jLIiAKmfVh75eq_GW-zX_7bAseZsQvTBQVaht68-nCv0CnZ252gmL_BLLP_Ng |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Optimal+Placement+and+Sizing+of+Reactive+Power+Compensation+Devices+in+Power+Grids+with+High+Penetration+of+Distributed+Generation&rft.jtitle=Processes&rft.au=Feng%2C+Nan&rft.au=Niu%2C+Tao&rft.au=Yan%2C+Jun&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yufan&rft.date=2025-09-16&rft.issn=2227-9717&rft.eissn=2227-9717&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2953&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fpr13092953&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_3390_pr13092953 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2227-9717&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2227-9717&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2227-9717&client=summon |