Breakdown characteristics of CF4 and CF4/N2 hybrid gas in refrigeration temperature range
Common insulation gas cannot normally work in refrigeration temperature range (153−243 K), especially in extremely cold regions. To solve this problem, this essay uses cubic equation combined with two-parameter model in theorem of corresponding states to estimate dew-point of hybrid gas. The influen...
Saved in:
| Published in | Journal of Central South University Vol. 24; no. 4; pp. 861 - 865 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Changsha
Central South University
01.04.2017
Springer Nature B.V |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2095-2899 2227-5223 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11771-017-3488-7 |
Cover
| Abstract | Common insulation gas cannot normally work in refrigeration temperature range (153−243 K), especially in extremely cold regions. To solve this problem, this essay uses cubic equation combined with two-parameter model in theorem of corresponding states to estimate dew-point of hybrid gas. The influence of temperature on mixing ratio is studied by using van der Waals equation. The result shows that the mixing ratio is stable during temperature-fall period. Insulation property of CF
4
and CF
4
/N
2
in refrigeration temperature range is studied through self-designed low-temperature test system. The result shows when the density of hybrid gas is invariable, temperature changing has less influence on breakdown voltage, and when the mixing ratio is 20%, CF
4
/N
2
is the greatest potential hybrid gas. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Common insulation gas cannot normally work in refrigeration temperature range (153−243 K), especially in extremely cold regions. To solve this problem, this essay uses cubic equation combined with two-parameter model in theorem of corresponding states to estimate dew-point of hybrid gas. The influence of temperature on mixing ratio is studied by using van der Waals equation. The result shows that the mixing ratio is stable during temperature-fall period. Insulation property of CF4 and CF4/N2 in refrigeration temperature range is studied through self-designed low-temperature test system. The result shows when the density of hybrid gas is invariable, temperature changing has less influence on breakdown voltage, and when the mixing ratio is 20%, CF4/N2 is the greatest potential hybrid gas. Common insulation gas cannot normally work in refrigeration temperature range (153−243 K), especially in extremely cold regions. To solve this problem, this essay uses cubic equation combined with two-parameter model in theorem of corresponding states to estimate dew-point of hybrid gas. The influence of temperature on mixing ratio is studied by using van der Waals equation. The result shows that the mixing ratio is stable during temperature-fall period. Insulation property of CF 4 and CF 4 /N 2 in refrigeration temperature range is studied through self-designed low-temperature test system. The result shows when the density of hybrid gas is invariable, temperature changing has less influence on breakdown voltage, and when the mixing ratio is 20%, CF 4 /N 2 is the greatest potential hybrid gas. |
| Author | Ouyang, Jie Hou, Meng-xi Li, Wei-guo Yang, Yi-xin Yuan, Chuang-ye |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Meng-xi surname: Hou fullname: Hou, Meng-xi organization: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University – sequence: 2 givenname: Wei-guo surname: Li fullname: Li, Wei-guo email: 18810102619@139.com organization: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University – sequence: 3 givenname: Chuang-ye surname: Yuan fullname: Yuan, Chuang-ye organization: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University – sequence: 4 givenname: Yi-xin surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Yi-xin organization: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University – sequence: 5 givenname: Jie surname: Ouyang fullname: Ouyang, Jie organization: Measuring Center of State Grid Hunan Electric Power Corp |
| BookMark | eNp9kLtOwzAUhi1UJErpA7BZYja1jxNfRqgoIFWwwMBkOY7TGtqk2KlQ356EMCAkmM4_nO9cvlM0qpvaI3TO6CWjVM4SY1IyQpkkPFOKyCM0BgBJcgA-6jLVOQGl9QmaphQKyhkILrQYo5fr6O1b2XzU2K1ttK71MaQ2uISbCs8XGbZ12dfZA-D1oYihxCubcKhx9FUMKx9tG5oat3676_M-ehxtvfJn6Liym-Sn33WCnhc3T_M7sny8vZ9fLYkDnXPCclGJSkonFEBBdVE6ldlSOxASSlYpXVnwNu9y5jhlRVb5DHLHgAoK4PkEXQxzd7F53_vUmtdmH-tupWFK5yJXXMmuiw1dLjYpdaebXQxbGw-GUdNLNINE00k0vUTTM_IX40L79W0bbdj8S8JApm5L5yL-uOlP6BPiu4ah |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1063_1_5134727 crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_6668_ad2fdb crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comptc_2021_113411 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comptc_2023_114347 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1109/94.971467 10.1109/TDEI.2009.5293955 10.1088/1674-1056/22/3/035101 10.1109/MPE.2016.2542645 10.1109/TDEI.2010.5539690 10.1109/TDEI.2008.4591222 10.1088/1009-0630/18/3/13 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Central South University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017 Copyright Springer Science & Business Media 2017 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Central South University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017 – notice: Copyright Springer Science & Business Media 2017 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11771-017-3488-7 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 2227-5223 |
| EndPage | 865 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1007_s11771_017_3488_7 |
| GroupedDBID | -03 -0C -EM -SC -S~ .VR 06D 0R~ 29~ 2B. 2C0 2J2 2JN 2JY 2KG 2KM 2LR 30V 4.4 406 408 40E 5VR 5VS 8UJ 92H 92I 92M 92R 93N 95- 95. 95~ 96X 9D9 9DC AABHQ AACDK AAHNG AAIAL AAJBT AAJKR AANZL AARHV AARTL AASML AATNV AATVU AAUYE AAWCG AAXDM AAYIU AAYQN AAYTO AAYZH ABAKF ABDZT ABECU ABFTV ABHQN ABJNI ABJOX ABKCH ABMQK ABNWP ABQBU ABSXP ABTEG ABTHY ABTKH ABTMW ABWNU ABXPI ACAOD ACBXY ACDTI ACGFS ACHSB ACHXU ACIWK ACKNC ACMDZ ACMLO ACOKC ACPIV ACSNA ACZOJ ADHIR ADINQ ADKNI ADKPE ADRFC ADTPH ADURQ ADYFF ADZKW AEBTG AEFQL AEGNC AEJHL AEJRE AEKMD AEMSY AENEX AEOHA AEPYU AESKC AETLH AEVLU AEXYK AFBBN AFLOW AFQWF AFUIB AFZKB AGAYW AGDGC AGJBK AGMZJ AGQEE AGQMX AGRTI AGWIL AGWZB AGYKE AHBYD AHKAY AHSBF AHYZX AIAKS AIGIU AIIXL AILAN AITGF AJBLW AJRNO ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALWAN AMKLP AMXSW AMYLF AOCGG ARCEE ARMRJ AXYYD B-. BA0 BDATZ BGNMA CAJEC CCEZO CEKLB CHBEP CSCUP DDRTE DNIVK DPUIP EBLON EBS EIOEI EJD ESBYG FA0 FERAY FFXSO FIGPU FINBP FNLPD FRRFC FSGXE FWDCC GGCAI GGRSB GJIRD GNWQR GQ6 GQ7 HF~ HG6 HMJXF HRMNR IKXTQ IWAJR IXD I~Z J-C JBSCW JUIAU JZLTJ KOV LLZTM M4Y MA- NPVJJ NQJWS NU0 O9J PF0 PT4 Q-- Q-2 R-C R89 ROL RPX RSV RT3 S16 S3B SAP SCL SCLPG SDH SEG SHX SISQX SJYHP SNE SNPRN SNX SOHCF SOJ SPISZ SRMVM SSLCW STPWE SZN T8S TCJ TGT TSG TUC U1F U1G U2A U5C U5M UG4 UOJIU UTJUX UZXMN VC2 VFIZW W48 YLTOR Z7R Z7V Z7X Z7Y Z7Z Z81 Z83 Z85 Z88 ZMTXR ~A9 AAPKM AAYXX ABBRH ABDBE ABFSG ABRTQ ACSTC AEZWR AFDZB AFHIU AFOHR AHPBZ AHWEU AIXLP ATHPR AYFIA CITATION |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c2953-156f6f77c6822b09bdc84ad9c2672d1f89fa2ea52d14c301b4fe425c1206022e3 |
| IEDL.DBID | U2A |
| ISSN | 2095-2899 |
| IngestDate | Wed Sep 17 13:42:07 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 01 00:56:32 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:05:29 EDT 2025 Fri Feb 21 02:34:56 EST 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 4 |
| Keywords | dew-point gas insulation CF refrigeration temperature range |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c2953-156f6f77c6822b09bdc84ad9c2672d1f89fa2ea52d14c301b4fe425c1206022e3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| PQID | 1895658387 |
| PQPubID | 2044301 |
| PageCount | 5 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_1895658387 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11771_017_3488_7 crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s11771_017_3488_7 springer_journals_10_1007_s11771_017_3488_7 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20170400 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2017-04-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 4 year: 2017 text: 20170400 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | Changsha |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Changsha – name: Heidelberg |
| PublicationSubtitle | Science & Technology of Mining and Metallurgy |
| PublicationTitle | Journal of Central South University |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | J. Cent. South Univ |
| PublicationYear | 2017 |
| Publisher | Central South University Springer Nature B.V |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Central South University – name: Springer Nature B.V |
| References | Kamarudin, Albano, Coventry, Harid, Haddad (CR13) 2010 Geng, Lin, Xu, Li, Lu, Yang (CR2) 2015 Christophorou, Olthoff, Green (CR7) 1998; 18 Yamamoto, Takuma, Hamada, Yamakawa (CR8) 2001; 8 Zhang, Xiao, Zhang, Wu (CR11) 2008; 23 Zhao, Li, Jia, Liu, Dong (CR19) 2013; 33 Hikita, Ohtsuka, Okabe, Ueta (CR23) 2009; 16 Zhao, Jiao, Li, Xiao (CR5) 2016; 18 Wu (CR9) 2007 Liu, Li, Hou (CR21) 2015; 43 Zhao, Wu, Xiao (CR12) 2007; 35 Kkieffel, Irwin (CR3) 2016; 2 Duan, Shi, Zhu, Han (CR16) 2000; 40 Chen, Widger, Kamarudin (CR18) 2016; 31 Kasuya, Kawamura, Mizoguchi, Nakamura, Yanabu, Nagasaki (CR15) 2010; 17 Zhang (CR10) 2007 Tu, Yuan, Wang (CR22) 2015; 41 Zhang, Zhou, Tang, Xiao, Han (CR14) 2014; 34 Tang, Liao, Yang (CR4) 2014; 47 Li, Deng, Xiao (CR6) 2015; 41 Deng, Xiao (CR17) 2013; 22 Li, Zhang, Qian (CR24) 2008 Hikita, Ohtsuka, Okabe, Kaneko (CR1) 2008; 15 Hwang, Lee, Huh, Kim, Chang (CR20) 2009 L-chun Zhang (3488_CR10) 2007 Y-y Duan (3488_CR16) 2000; 40 M Hikita (3488_CR23) 2009; 16 C Li (3488_CR24) 2008 M S Kamarudin (3488_CR13) 2010 O Yamamoto (3488_CR8) 2001; 8 Z Geng (3488_CR2) 2015 X-x Zhang (3488_CR14) 2014; 34 X-l Zhao (3488_CR5) 2016; 18 L G Christophorou (3488_CR7) 1998; 18 C H Hwang (3488_CR20) 2009 L-c Zhang (3488_CR11) 2008; 23 H Zhao (3488_CR12) 2007; 35 L Chen (3488_CR18) 2016; 31 H Kasuya (3488_CR15) 2010; 17 B Li (3488_CR6) 2015; 41 M Hikita (3488_CR1) 2008; 15 Y Kkieffel (3488_CR3) 2016; 2 Y-p Tu (3488_CR22) 2015; 41 H Zhao (3488_CR19) 2013; 33 B-tao Wu (3488_CR9) 2007 Y-k Deng (3488_CR17) 2013; 22 X Tang (3488_CR4) 2014; 47 F-h Liu (3488_CR21) 2015; 43 |
| References_xml | – volume: 33 start-page: 200 issue: 21 year: 2013 end-page: 202 ident: CR19 article-title: Study of dielectric breakdown properties in 50%SF -50%CF mixture at 1 atm [J] publication-title: Proceedings of the CSEE – volume: 8 start-page: 1075 issue: 6 year: 2001 end-page: 1081 ident: CR8 article-title: Applying a gas mixture containing c-C F as an insulation medium [J] publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation doi: 10.1109/94.971467 – start-page: 394 year: 2015 end-page: 397 ident: CR2 publication-title: Experimental study of CF insulation performance [C]// Electric Power Equipment Switching Technology – volume: 16 start-page: 1413 issue: 5 year: 2009 end-page: 1419 ident: CR23 article-title: Breakdown mechanism in C F /CO gas mixture under non-uniform field on the basis of partial discharge properties [J] publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2009.5293955 – year: 2007 ident: CR10 publication-title: Study on insulation characteristics of c-C F and its gas mixtures substituting SF [D] – volume: 31 start-page: 1 issue: 99 year: 2016 end-page: 1 ident: CR18 article-title: CF I gas mixtures: breakdown characteristics and potential for electrical insulation [J] publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery – year: 2007 ident: CR9 publication-title: Researchs on insulation characteristics of c-C F and its mixtures [D] – volume: 35 start-page: 44 issue: 10 year: 2007 end-page: 46 ident: CR12 article-title: AC insulation characteristics of c-C F and CF hybrid gas in extremely non-uniform electric fields [J] publication-title: East China Electric Power – volume: 22 start-page: 356 issue: 3 year: 2013 end-page: 361 ident: CR17 article-title: The effective ionization coefficients and electron drift velocities in gas mixtures of CF I with N and CO obtained from Boltzmann equation analysis [J] publication-title: Chinese Physics B doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/22/3/035101 – year: 2008 ident: CR24 publication-title: Thermology [M] – volume: 18 start-page: 31 issue: 6 year: 1998 end-page: 33 ident: CR7 article-title: Gases for electrical insulation and arc interruption: Possible present and future alternative to pure SF [J] publication-title: IEEE Power Engineering Review – volume: 43 start-page: 45 issue: 10 year: 2015 end-page: 48 ident: CR21 article-title: Design and analysis of experimental system for gas insulation characteristics at ambient and low temperature [J] publication-title: Superconductivity – volume: 2 start-page: 32 issue: 14 year: 2016 end-page: 39 ident: CR3 article-title: Green gas to replace SF in electrical grids [J] publication-title: IEEE Power and Energy Magazine doi: 10.1109/MPE.2016.2542645 – volume: 41 start-page: 1446 issue: 5 year: 2015 end-page: 1450 ident: CR22 article-title: Calculation on dew temperature of binary gas mixture SF /N and SF /CO under 0.4~ 0.8 MPa gas pressure [J] publication-title: High Voltage Engineering – volume: 41 start-page: 4150 issue: 12 year: 2015 end-page: 4157 ident: CR6 article-title: Insulation characteristics of C F and C F -N gas mixture using Boltzmann equation method [J] publication-title: High Voltage Engineering – volume: 23 start-page: 14 issue: 6 year: 2008 end-page: 18 ident: CR11 article-title: SST experimental analysis on the feasibility of c-C F /CF substituting SF as insulation medium [J] publication-title: Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society – volume: 34 start-page: 1948 issue: 12 year: 2014 end-page: 1956 ident: CR14 article-title: Experimental research onpotential of CF I gas as the PD insulation properties of CF I/CO and CF I/N gas mixtures [J] publication-title: Proceedings of the CSEE – volume: 40 start-page: 60 issue: 6 year: 2000 end-page: 63 ident: CR16 article-title: Thermophysical properties of trifluoroiod methane [J] publication-title: Journal of Tsinghua University: Science and Technology – volume: 17 start-page: 1196 issue: 4 year: 2010 end-page: 1203 ident: CR15 article-title: Interruption capability and decomposed gas density of CF I as a substitute for SF gas [J] publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2010.5539690 – volume: 47 start-page: 18 issue: 6 year: 2014 end-page: 22 ident: CR4 article-title: Research progress in Insulating property of SF Mixing/Substituting gas [J] publication-title: Insulation Materials – start-page: 1 year: 2010 end-page: 5 ident: CR13 publication-title: A survey on the an alternative for SF in high voltage applications [C]// Universities Power Engineering Conference – start-page: 1 year: 2009 end-page: 4 ident: CR20 publication-title: Breakdown characteristics of SF /CF mixtures in 25.8 kV [C]// Electrical Machines and Systems – volume: 15 start-page: 1015 issue: 4 year: 2008 end-page: 1022 ident: CR1 article-title: Insulation characteristics of gas mixtures including perfluorocarbon gas [J] publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2008.4591222 – volume: 18 start-page: 292 issue: 3 year: 2016 end-page: 298 ident: CR5 article-title: The electronegativity analysis of c-C_ F_ as a potential insulation substitute of SF_ [J] publication-title: Plasma Science and Technology doi: 10.1088/1009-0630/18/3/13 – volume: 15 start-page: 1015 issue: 4 year: 2008 ident: 3488_CR1 publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2008.4591222 – volume: 47 start-page: 18 issue: 6 year: 2014 ident: 3488_CR4 publication-title: Insulation Materials – volume: 23 start-page: 14 issue: 6 year: 2008 ident: 3488_CR11 publication-title: Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society – volume: 35 start-page: 44 issue: 10 year: 2007 ident: 3488_CR12 publication-title: East China Electric Power – volume-title: Thermology [M] year: 2008 ident: 3488_CR24 – volume: 41 start-page: 4150 issue: 12 year: 2015 ident: 3488_CR6 publication-title: High Voltage Engineering – volume: 31 start-page: 1 issue: 99 year: 2016 ident: 3488_CR18 publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery – start-page: 1 volume-title: Breakdown characteristics of SF6/CF4 mixtures in 25.8 kV [C]// Electrical Machines and Systems year: 2009 ident: 3488_CR20 – volume: 16 start-page: 1413 issue: 5 year: 2009 ident: 3488_CR23 publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2009.5293955 – volume: 43 start-page: 45 issue: 10 year: 2015 ident: 3488_CR21 publication-title: Superconductivity – volume-title: Study on insulation characteristics of c-C4F8 and its gas mixtures substituting SF6 [D] year: 2007 ident: 3488_CR10 – start-page: 1 volume-title: A survey on the an alternative for SF6 in high voltage applications [C]// Universities Power Engineering Conference year: 2010 ident: 3488_CR13 – volume: 33 start-page: 200 issue: 21 year: 2013 ident: 3488_CR19 publication-title: Proceedings of the CSEE – volume: 22 start-page: 356 issue: 3 year: 2013 ident: 3488_CR17 publication-title: Chinese Physics B – volume: 2 start-page: 32 issue: 14 year: 2016 ident: 3488_CR3 publication-title: IEEE Power and Energy Magazine doi: 10.1109/MPE.2016.2542645 – volume: 17 start-page: 1196 issue: 4 year: 2010 ident: 3488_CR15 publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation doi: 10.1109/TDEI.2010.5539690 – volume: 18 start-page: 31 issue: 6 year: 1998 ident: 3488_CR7 publication-title: IEEE Power Engineering Review – volume: 34 start-page: 1948 issue: 12 year: 2014 ident: 3488_CR14 publication-title: Proceedings of the CSEE – volume: 8 start-page: 1075 issue: 6 year: 2001 ident: 3488_CR8 publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation doi: 10.1109/94.971467 – volume-title: Researchs on insulation characteristics of c-C4F8 and its mixtures [D] year: 2007 ident: 3488_CR9 – volume: 41 start-page: 1446 issue: 5 year: 2015 ident: 3488_CR22 publication-title: High Voltage Engineering – volume: 18 start-page: 292 issue: 3 year: 2016 ident: 3488_CR5 publication-title: Plasma Science and Technology doi: 10.1088/1009-0630/18/3/13 – start-page: 394 volume-title: Experimental study of CF4 insulation performance [C]// Electric Power Equipment Switching Technology year: 2015 ident: 3488_CR2 – volume: 40 start-page: 60 issue: 6 year: 2000 ident: 3488_CR16 publication-title: Journal of Tsinghua University: Science and Technology |
| SSID | ssib031263696 ssib051367662 ssib026412149 ssib016993150 ssib024508231 ssj0001192107 ssib009883398 ssib016971650 |
| Score | 2.0671067 |
| Snippet | Common insulation gas cannot normally work in refrigeration temperature range (153−243 K), especially in extremely cold regions. To solve this problem, this... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref springer |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 861 |
| SubjectTerms | Breakdown Corresponding states Engineering Insulation Metallic Materials Refrigeration Repair & maintenance |
| Title | Breakdown characteristics of CF4 and CF4/N2 hybrid gas in refrigeration temperature range |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11771-017-3488-7 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1895658387 |
| Volume | 24 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVLSH databaseName: SpringerLink Journals customDbUrl: mediaType: online eissn: 2227-5223 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001192107 issn: 2095-2899 databaseCode: AFBBN dateStart: 19970301 isFulltext: true providerName: Library Specific Holdings – providerCode: PRVAVX databaseName: SpringerLINK - Czech Republic Consortium customDbUrl: eissn: 2227-5223 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001192107 issn: 2095-2899 databaseCode: AGYKE dateStart: 19970101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://link.springer.com providerName: Springer Nature – providerCode: PRVAVX databaseName: SpringerLink Journals (ICM) customDbUrl: eissn: 2227-5223 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: true ssIdentifier: ssj0001192107 issn: 2095-2899 databaseCode: U2A dateStart: 20120101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://www.springerlink.com/journals/ providerName: Springer Nature |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3NT8IwFG8ULnowfkYUSQ-eNI1r1w92RAISjZwkkdPSdS0azTCAB_97X8fG0KiJp61puzSvr93v9fX9HkLnCaBUrQUnRltOeKI00SFzxFKhgxA6qfwc8n4oByN--ygeizjueXnbvXRJ5jt1FexGlfKmLywK0DqiNlFdeDYvUOIR66yUKPLpcysbgkpPklS57qAchbQqMy6CdVcYAATKaGWThJTJVc47KIuc46zg2MsPcvwY8rBsBnCFeAOm9J7-NOqv_78K1H7zw-a_t_4u2ilwKe4sFWkPbdhsH22vsRUeoPE1AMyXFMx2bL7SPOOpw90-xzpL_fNqyPDThw8FwxM9x88ZhmHMnid2qW3Y02EVXM545oMbDtGo33voDkiRmYEYFomQgNHnpFPKSMAXSRAlqWlznUaGScVS6tqR08xqAe_cwBaScGdhczCUBRJAgw2PUC2bZvYYYZsK2dbGUA2GIWdaB9YlXqjSRWnkkgYKSnnFpqAt99kzXuOKcNmLOAYRx17EsWqgi1WXtyVnx1-Nm-UkxMXynce0DWajdyhD9WU5MWvVv33s5F-tT9EW84qR3wNqotpi9m7PAOIskhaqd27Gd71WrtqfngnmVg |
| linkProvider | Springer Nature |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV07T8MwELZ4DMCAeIry9MAEsogdx25GqKgKlE5UgilyHBsqUIpaGPj33KVJUxAgMSWW7cg6n53vfL7vCDlOAaUaE0lmjZNMptowEwrPHI9MEEInXZxD3vZUpy-v76P7Mo57XN12r1ySxU5dB7txrdH0hUUBWsf0PFlE_iokzO-L86kSxZg-t7YhuEKSpNp1B-U45HVZyCiYdYUBQOCC1zZJyIWa5ryDclRwnJUce8VBDjKKFWHZAuAKQwOm8p7-NOqv_78a1H7zwxa_t_YaWS1xKT2fKNI6mXP5BlmZYSvcJA8XADCfMzDbqf1K80yHnrbakpo8w-dZT9CnDwwFo49mTAc5hWGMBo9uom0U6bBKLmc6wuCGLdJvX961OqzMzMCsiKOQgdHnldfaKsAXaRCnmW1Kk8VWKC0y7puxN8KZCN6lhS0kld7B5mC5CBSABhduk4V8mLsdQl0WqaaxlhswDKUwJnA-RaEqH2exTxskqOSV2JK2HLNnvCQ14TKKOAERJyjiRDfIybTL64Sz46_G-9UkJOXyHSe8CWYjOpSh-rSamJnq3z62-6_WR2Spc3fbTbpXvZs9sixQSYo7Qftk4W307g4A7rylh4V6fwJRWeeu |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LS8QwEA66guhBfOLbHDwpYZs0TbZHX4vPxYMLeippmqgoddldD_57Z7rtdhUVPLUhaQiTSfNNJvMNIfspoFRjIsmscZLJVBtmQuGZ45EJQvhIF-eQNx113pWX99F9med0UN12r1ySo5gGZGnKh81e5pt14BvXGs1gWCCggUxPkxmJPAmg0F1xNFaoGFPp1vYEV0iYVLvxoByHvC4LGQWTbjEAC9BpbZ-EXKhx_jsoRwXfWcm3VxzqILtYEaItALowNGYqT-pPo_66F9YA95tPttjq2otkocSo9GikVEtkyuXLZH6CuXCFPBwD2HzJwISn9ivlM33z9KQtqckzfDY7gj59YFgYfTQD-pxTGEb_-dGNNI8iNVbJ60z7GOiwSrrts7uTc1ZmaWBWxFHIwAD0ymttFWCNNIjTzLakyWIrlBYZ963YG-FMBO_Swu8kld7Bj8JyESgAEC5cI438LXfrhLosUi1jLTdgJEphTOB8ikJVPs5in26QoJJXYksKc8yk8ZrU5Mso4gREnKCIE71BDsaf9Eb8HX813q4mISmX8iDhLTAh0bkM1YfVxExU_9bZ5r9a75HZ29N2cn3RudoicwJ1pLgetE0aw_672wHkM0x3C-3-BHfk6-o |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Breakdown+characteristics+of+CF4+and+CF4%2FN2+hybrid+gas+in+refrigeration+temperature+range&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Central+South+University&rft.au=Hou%2C+Meng-xi&rft.au=Li%2C+Wei-guo&rft.au=Yuan%2C+Chuang-ye&rft.au=Yang%2C+Yi-xin&rft.date=2017-04-01&rft.pub=Central+South+University&rft.issn=2095-2899&rft.eissn=2227-5223&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=861&rft.epage=865&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs11771-017-3488-7&rft.externalDocID=10_1007_s11771_017_3488_7 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2095-2899&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2095-2899&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2095-2899&client=summon |