Implementation of an SoC-Dependent Four-Stage Constant Current Charger for Li-Ion Batteries Based on a PSO Algorithm

• Published in: IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems Vol. 60; no. 4; pp. 5340 - 5349
• Main Authors: Lee, Chien-Hsing, Lin, Kuei-You, Jiang, Joe-Air
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.08.2024; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Algorithms; Batteries; Battery chargers; Charging; Constant current constant voltage (CCCV); Electric charge; Equivalent circuits; Integrated circuit modeling; Linear programming; Lithium-ion batteries; multistage constant current (MSCC) charging; Optimization; Particle swarm optimization; particle swarm optimization (PSO); Protocols; State of charge; Voltage
• ISSN: 0018-9251; 1557-9603
• DOI: 10.1109/TAES.2024.3389936

This study designs a four-stage constant current (4SCC) charger in which the optimal charge pattern (OCP) adopted at each stage during the charging process varies according to the battery's current state of charge (SoC) instead of being OCP invariant. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to search for the OCP value, and a battery equivalent circuit model is employed to estimate the SoC. The experimental results demonstrate that this 4SCC charging strategy with its SoC-dependent charging current profile can successfully charge batteries with different initial SoCs. Regardless of the initial SoC, adjusting the OCP value during 4SCC charging yielded shorter charging times as opposed to not adjusting the OCP value.