ε2-Phages Are Naturally Bred and Have a Vastly Improved Host Range in Staphylococcus aureus over Wild Type Phages

Due to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance, and the difficulties of treating biofilm-associated infections, alternative treatments for S. aureus infections are urgently needed. We tested the lytic activity of several wild type phages against a panel of 110 S. aureus strains (MRSA/MSSA) compose...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in	Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 14; no. 4; p. 325
Main Authors	Sáez Moreno, David, Visram, Zehra, Mutti, Michele, Restrepo-Córdoba, Marcela, Hartmann, Susana, Kremers, Ana Isabel, Tišáková, Lenka, Schertler, Susanne, Wittmann, Johannes, Kalali, Benham, Monecke, Stefan, Ehricht, Ralf, Resch, Grégory, Corsini, Lorenzo
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Basel MDPI AG 02.04.2021 MDPI
Subjects	antimicrobial resistance Epidemiology Genomes homologous recombination host range phage breeding phage therapy phage training Staphylococcus infections Virulence
Online Access	Get full text
ISSN	1424-8247 1424-8247
DOI	10.3390/ph14040325

Cover

Abstract	Due to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance, and the difficulties of treating biofilm-associated infections, alternative treatments for S. aureus infections are urgently needed. We tested the lytic activity of several wild type phages against a panel of 110 S. aureus strains (MRSA/MSSA) composed to reflect the prevalence of S. aureus clonal complexes in human infections. The plaquing host ranges (PHR) of the wild type phages were in the range of 51% to 60%. We also measured what we called the kinetic host range (KHR), i.e., the percentage of strains for which growth in suspension was suppressed for 24 h. The KHR of the wild type phages ranged from 2% to 49%, substantially lower than the PHRs. To improve the KHR and other key pharmaceutical properties, we bred the phages by mixing and propagating cocktails on a subset of S. aureus strains. These bred phages, which we termed evolution-squared (ε2) phages, have broader KHRs up to 64% and increased virulence compared to the ancestors. The ε2-phages with the broadest KHR have genomes intercrossed from up to three different ancestors. We composed a cocktail of three ε2-phages with an overall KHR of 92% and PHR of 96% on 110 S. aureus strains and called it PM-399. PM-399 has a lower propensity to resistance formation than the standard of care antibiotics vancomycin, rifampicin, or their combination, and no resistance was observed in laboratory settings (detection limit: 1 cell in 1011). In summary, ε2-phages and, in particular PM-399, are promising candidates for an alternative treatment of S. aureus infections.
AbstractList	Due to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance, and the difficulties of treating biofilm-associated infections, alternative treatments for S. aureus infections are urgently needed. We tested the lytic activity of several wild type phages against a panel of 110 S. aureus strains (MRSA/MSSA) composed to reflect the prevalence of S. aureus clonal complexes in human infections. The plaquing host ranges (PHR) of the wild type phages were in the range of 51% to 60%. We also measured what we called the kinetic host range (KHR), i.e., the percentage of strains for which growth in suspension was suppressed for 24 h. The KHR of the wild type phages ranged from 2% to 49%, substantially lower than the PHRs. To improve the KHR and other key pharmaceutical properties, we bred the phages by mixing and propagating cocktails on a subset of S. aureus strains. These bred phages, which we termed evolution-squared (ε2) phages, have broader KHRs up to 64% and increased virulence compared to the ancestors. The ε2-phages with the broadest KHR have genomes intercrossed from up to three different ancestors. We composed a cocktail of three ε2-phages with an overall KHR of 92% and PHR of 96% on 110 S. aureus strains and called it PM-399. PM-399 has a lower propensity to resistance formation than the standard of care antibiotics vancomycin, rifampicin, or their combination, and no resistance was observed in laboratory settings (detection limit: 1 cell in 1011). In summary, ε2-phages and, in particular PM-399, are promising candidates for an alternative treatment of S. aureus infections. Due to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance, and the difficulties of treating biofilm-associated infections, alternative treatments for S. aureus infections are urgently needed. We tested the lytic activity of several wild type phages against a panel of 110 S. aureus strains (MRSA/MSSA) composed to reflect the prevalence of S. aureus clonal complexes in human infections. The plaquing host ranges (PHR) of the wild type phages were in the range of 51% to 60%. We also measured what we called the kinetic host range (KHR), i.e., the percentage of strains for which growth in suspension was suppressed for 24 h. The KHR of the wild type phages ranged from 2% to 49%, substantially lower than the PHRs. To improve the KHR and other key pharmaceutical properties, we bred the phages by mixing and propagating cocktails on a subset of S. aureus strains. These bred phages, which we termed evolution-squared (ε2) phages, have broader KHRs up to 64% and increased virulence compared to the ancestors. The ε2-phages with the broadest KHR have genomes intercrossed from up to three different ancestors. We composed a cocktail of three ε2-phages with an overall KHR of 92% and PHR of 96% on 110 S. aureus strains and called it PM-399. PM-399 has a lower propensity to resistance formation than the standard of care antibiotics vancomycin, rifampicin, or their combination, and no resistance was observed in laboratory settings (detection limit: 1 cell in 1011). In summary, ε2-phages and, in particular PM-399, are promising candidates for an alternative treatment of S. aureus infections.Due to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance, and the difficulties of treating biofilm-associated infections, alternative treatments for S. aureus infections are urgently needed. We tested the lytic activity of several wild type phages against a panel of 110 S. aureus strains (MRSA/MSSA) composed to reflect the prevalence of S. aureus clonal complexes in human infections. The plaquing host ranges (PHR) of the wild type phages were in the range of 51% to 60%. We also measured what we called the kinetic host range (KHR), i.e., the percentage of strains for which growth in suspension was suppressed for 24 h. The KHR of the wild type phages ranged from 2% to 49%, substantially lower than the PHRs. To improve the KHR and other key pharmaceutical properties, we bred the phages by mixing and propagating cocktails on a subset of S. aureus strains. These bred phages, which we termed evolution-squared (ε2) phages, have broader KHRs up to 64% and increased virulence compared to the ancestors. The ε2-phages with the broadest KHR have genomes intercrossed from up to three different ancestors. We composed a cocktail of three ε2-phages with an overall KHR of 92% and PHR of 96% on 110 S. aureus strains and called it PM-399. PM-399 has a lower propensity to resistance formation than the standard of care antibiotics vancomycin, rifampicin, or their combination, and no resistance was observed in laboratory settings (detection limit: 1 cell in 1011). In summary, ε2-phages and, in particular PM-399, are promising candidates for an alternative treatment of S. aureus infections. Due to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance, and the difficulties of treating biofilm-associated infections, alternative treatments for S. aureus infections are urgently needed. We tested the lytic activity of several wild type phages against a panel of 110 S. aureus strains (MRSA/MSSA) composed to reflect the prevalence of S. aureus clonal complexes in human infections. The plaquing host ranges (PHR) of the wild type phages were in the range of 51% to 60%. We also measured what we called the kinetic host range (KHR), i.e., the percentage of strains for which growth in suspension was suppressed for 24 h. The KHR of the wild type phages ranged from 2% to 49%, substantially lower than the PHRs. To improve the KHR and other key pharmaceutical properties, we bred the phages by mixing and propagating cocktails on a subset of S. aureus strains. These bred phages, which we termed evolution-squared (ε 2 ) phages, have broader KHRs up to 64% and increased virulence compared to the ancestors. The ε 2 -phages with the broadest KHR have genomes intercrossed from up to three different ancestors. We composed a cocktail of three ε 2 -phages with an overall KHR of 92% and PHR of 96% on 110 S. aureus strains and called it PM-399. PM-399 has a lower propensity to resistance formation than the standard of care antibiotics vancomycin, rifampicin, or their combination, and no resistance was observed in laboratory settings (detection limit: 1 cell in 10 11 ). In summary, ε 2 -phages and, in particular PM-399, are promising candidates for an alternative treatment of S. aureus infections.
Author	Tišáková, Lenka Kalali, Benham Kremers, Ana Isabel Ehricht, Ralf Visram, Zehra Wittmann, Johannes Corsini, Lorenzo Resch, Grégory Hartmann, Susana Mutti, Michele Monecke, Stefan Restrepo-Córdoba, Marcela Schertler, Susanne Sáez Moreno, David
AuthorAffiliation	8 Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; gregory.resch@unil.ch 5 Institute of Medical Microbiologye and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fiedlerstr. 42, D-01307 Dresden, Germany 6 InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany 1 PhagoMed Biopharma GmbH, Leberstrasse 20, A-1110 Vienna, Austria; david.saez@phagomed.com (D.S.M.); Zehra.visram@phagomed.com (Z.V.); Michele.mutti@phagomed.com (M.M.); Marcela.restrepo@phagomed.com (M.R.-C.); susana.hartmann@phagomed.com (S.H.); kremers.ana@gmail.com (A.I.K.); Lenka.tisakova@phagomed.com (L.T.) 2 Leibniz Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; susanne_schertler@web.de (S.S.); jow12@dsmz.de (J.W.) 3 Bactrace Biotec AG, Neherstr. 1, 81675 Munich, Germany; b.kalali@bactrace.com 4 Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; stefan.monecke@leibn
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 Leibniz Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; susanne_schertler@web.de (S.S.); jow12@dsmz.de (J.W.) – name: 6 InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany – name: 1 PhagoMed Biopharma GmbH, Leberstrasse 20, A-1110 Vienna, Austria; david.saez@phagomed.com (D.S.M.); Zehra.visram@phagomed.com (Z.V.); Michele.mutti@phagomed.com (M.M.); Marcela.restrepo@phagomed.com (M.R.-C.); susana.hartmann@phagomed.com (S.H.); kremers.ana@gmail.com (A.I.K.); Lenka.tisakova@phagomed.com (L.T.) – name: 7 Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany – name: 8 Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; gregory.resch@unil.ch – name: 3 Bactrace Biotec AG, Neherstr. 1, 81675 Munich, Germany; b.kalali@bactrace.com – name: 5 Institute of Medical Microbiologye and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fiedlerstr. 42, D-01307 Dresden, Germany – name: 4 Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; stefan.monecke@leibniz-ipht.de (S.M.); Ralf.Ehricht@leibniz-ipht.de (R.E.)
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: David orcidid: 0000-0003-3567-6919 surname: Sáez Moreno fullname: Sáez Moreno, David – sequence: 2 givenname: Zehra orcidid: 0000-0002-1691-7396 surname: Visram fullname: Visram, Zehra – sequence: 3 givenname: Michele orcidid: 0000-0002-6840-2810 surname: Mutti fullname: Mutti, Michele – sequence: 4 givenname: Marcela surname: Restrepo-Córdoba fullname: Restrepo-Córdoba, Marcela – sequence: 5 givenname: Susana surname: Hartmann fullname: Hartmann, Susana – sequence: 6 givenname: Ana Isabel surname: Kremers fullname: Kremers, Ana Isabel – sequence: 7 givenname: Lenka orcidid: 0000-0002-2891-0888 surname: Tišáková fullname: Tišáková, Lenka – sequence: 8 givenname: Susanne surname: Schertler fullname: Schertler, Susanne – sequence: 9 givenname: Johannes surname: Wittmann fullname: Wittmann, Johannes – sequence: 10 givenname: Benham surname: Kalali fullname: Kalali, Benham – sequence: 11 givenname: Stefan surname: Monecke fullname: Monecke, Stefan – sequence: 12 givenname: Ralf orcidid: 0000-0002-6612-0043 surname: Ehricht fullname: Ehricht, Ralf – sequence: 13 givenname: Grégory orcidid: 0000-0003-2341-4591 surname: Resch fullname: Resch, Grégory – sequence: 14 givenname: Lorenzo orcidid: 0000-0002-8077-6559 surname: Corsini fullname: Corsini, Lorenzo
BookMark	eNptUttuEzEQtVARbQMvfIElXhDSgu1d2-sXpFIBiVQBggKP1qw9STbarLf2bqR8GL_BN-GQImjF01hnzjlz8ZyTkz70SMhTzl6WpWGvhjWvWMVKIR-QM16JqqhFpU_-eZ-S85Q2jEnNK_6InGYZr0Wtz0j8-UMUn9awwkQvItIPME4Rum5P30T0FHpP57BDCvQbpDHDi-0Qwy6n5iGN9DP0K6RtT7-MMKz3XXDBuSlRmCLmkImRfm87T6_3A9Jjncfk4RK6hE9u44x8fff2-nJeXH18v7i8uCqcMJUsuBHcKc_yhChM4_OIcqm1QiW0cl56412pFHqWMW4MExqUbsA1SjinsJyRxdHXB9jYIbZbiHsboLW_gRBXFuLYug6t1kYsQaJeOlOp0kHlZaMATV1CDU2dvV4fvYap2aJ32I95S3dM72b6dm1XYWdrpmRpqmzw_NYghpsJ02i3bXLYddBjmJIVUrBaSVGqTH12j7oJU-zzqjJLMsHF4bNnhB1ZLoaUIi6ta0cY23Co33aWM3s4Dvv3OLLkxT3Jn_7_Q_4FEbm6uA
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1128_msystems_00850_24 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_59903_w crossref_primary_10_1128_mbio_02490_22 crossref_primary_10_1089_phage_2023_0047 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_45405_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2666_5247_21_00127_0 crossref_primary_10_3390_v15010017 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics10111337 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40123_025_01113_2 crossref_primary_10_3390_v15020588 crossref_primary_10_3390_v16121879 crossref_primary_10_1093_jac_dkae325 crossref_primary_10_2106_JBJS_21_00958 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens13060522 crossref_primary_10_1002_jor_25432 crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_virology_012423_110530 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_coviro_2022_101201 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_isci_2023_106004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_virusres_2023_199272 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_00123_22 crossref_primary_10_3390_v14051061 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2024_1372325 crossref_primary_10_37489_0235_2990_2023_68_11_12_59_66 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cmi_2023_06_026 crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics14091885 crossref_primary_10_3390_biom12081107
Cites_doi	10.1006/viro.1998.9203 10.4161/bbug.2.1.13657 10.1007/s10096-009-0752-2 10.1128/mBio.02530-19 10.1089/cmb.2012.0021 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.09.030 10.3390/v11030241 10.3390/toxins8070209 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00259.x 10.1101/2021.02.16.428622 10.1128/MMBR.00069-15 10.1128/JVI.02763-12 10.1038/s41598-020-70841-1 10.1371/journal.pone.0024418 10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00028-4 10.1007/s11095-014-1617-7 10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.015 10.1128/AEM.03560-14 10.1128/AEM.01209-19 10.1128/JCM.01056-07 10.1016/j.virol.2009.06.046 10.1038/nrmicro822 10.1371/journal.pone.0127606 10.1093/ejcts/ezz295 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts014 10.4292/wjgpt.v8.i3.162 10.1111/bjd.15139 10.3390/v10040178 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.11.003 10.1016/j.chom.2017.06.018 10.3390/v11010088 10.2217/fmb.13.47 10.1093/jac/dkaa345 10.1007/s00253-018-9269-x 10.1128/AAC.00954-17 10.1016/j.mib.2017.09.004 10.1007/s10096-010-0884-4 10.1128/AAC.00816-17 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.03.009 10.1007/s11095-010-0313-5 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00618 10.3390/mps1030027 10.1128/JCM.03617-13 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02289 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02537 10.1128/mBio.00019-20 10.1016/0042-6822(70)90218-7 10.1038/s41579-019-0311-5 10.1016/j.chom.2019.01.014 10.1371/journal.pone.0077477 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.04.022 10.1056/NEJMra040181 10.1038/srep17219 10.1080/21597081.2015.1096995 10.1073/pnas.0501140102 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000215 10.1038/s41598-019-41868-w 10.1128/JB.186.9.2862-2871.2004 10.3390/v11030265 10.1093/cid/ciaa705 10.1089/phage.2019.0001 10.1128/JCM.01160-17 10.15585/mmwr.mm6809e1 10.1038/s41591-019-0437-z 10.3390/v11100891 10.1038/srep41259 10.3390/antibiotics9110827 10.3390/v6072551 10.1093/genetics/34.1.44 10.3389/fmed.2020.570572 10.3390/v10070351 10.1093/femsle/fnw002 10.1128/JB.185.11.3307-3316.2003
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2021 by the authors. 2021
Copyright_xml	– notice: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: 2021 by the authors. 2021
DBID	AAYXX CITATION 3V. 7XB 8FK 8G5 ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO GNUQQ GUQSH M2O MBDVC PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS Q9U 7X8 5PM DOA
DOI	10.3390/ph14040325
DatabaseName	CrossRef ProQuest Central (Corporate) ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Research Library ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Research Library Research Library Research Library (Corporate) ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Basic MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database Research Library Prep ProQuest Central Student ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College Research Library (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Research Library ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList	Publicly Available Content Database MEDLINE - Academic CrossRef
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518 sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology
EISSN	1424-8247
ExternalDocumentID	oai_doaj_org_article_7792fa5e7fc9463ca4d5b6ae983a8ab8 PMC8065394 10_3390_ph14040325
GroupedDBID	--- 2WC 53G 5VS 8G5 AADQD AAFWJ AAYXX ABDBF ABUWG ACGFO ACIHN ACUHS ADBBV AEAQA AFKRA AFPKN AFZYC ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS AZQEC BAWUL BCNDV BENPR BPHCQ CCPQU CITATION DIK DWQXO EBD ESX GNUQQ GROUPED_DOAJ GUQSH GX1 HH5 HYE IAO IHR KQ8 M2O M48 MK0 MODMG M~E OK1 P2P PGMZT PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PQQKQ PROAC RPM TUS 3V. 7XB 8FK MBDVC PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS PUEGO Q9U 7X8 ITC 5PM
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c2945-1921c6d0390e29bd4045f776e6276cd5d9dc366ed076e199027a67bacb62cc6e3
IEDL.DBID	M48
ISSN	1424-8247
IngestDate	Wed Aug 27 01:25:29 EDT 2025 Thu Aug 21 18:01:03 EDT 2025 Fri Sep 05 12:46:20 EDT 2025 Mon Sep 08 22:10:21 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 22:57:46 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 04:13:17 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	true
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	4
Language	English
License	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c2945-1921c6d0390e29bd4045f776e6276cd5d9dc366ed076e199027a67bacb62cc6e3
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ORCID	0000-0003-3567-6919 0000-0002-6840-2810 0000-0002-6612-0043 0000-0002-8077-6559 0000-0002-1691-7396 0000-0003-2341-4591 0000-0002-2891-0888
OpenAccessLink	https://www.proquest.com/docview/2550212040?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%&accountid=15518
PMID	33918287
PQID	2550212040
PQPubID	2032350
ParticipantIDs	doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_7792fa5e7fc9463ca4d5b6ae983a8ab8 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8065394 proquest_miscellaneous_2520865236 proquest_journals_2550212040 crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_ph14040325 crossref_primary_10_3390_ph14040325
ProviderPackageCode	CITATION AAYXX
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	20210402
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2021-04-02
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 4 year: 2021 text: 20210402 day: 2
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	Basel
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: Basel
PublicationTitle	Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
PublicationYear	2021
Publisher	MDPI AG MDPI
Publisher_xml	– name: MDPI AG – name: MDPI
References	(ref_44) 2014; 6 ref_14 ref_58 ref_57 Mapes (ref_18) 2016; 6 ref_55 ref_54 Spratt (ref_33) 2004; 266 ref_53 Barr (ref_1) 2019; 32 Lin (ref_4) 2017; 8 Peters (ref_62) 2007; 45 Feil (ref_34) 2003; 185 Lenneman (ref_15) 2021; 68 ref_17 ref_16 Luedicke (ref_46) 2010; 29 Mutti (ref_10) 2019; 10 Kourtis (ref_30) 2019; 68 Yehl (ref_19) 2019; 179 Kortright (ref_6) 2019; 25 Gibson (ref_64) 2019; 10 Hepburn (ref_31) 2017; 177 Stefani (ref_35) 2012; 39 ref_60 Joensen (ref_79) 2014; 52 Hershey (ref_26) 1949; 34 Azam (ref_65) 2018; 102 ref_24 ref_68 Bankevich (ref_74) 2012; 19 Cui (ref_51) 2017; 7 ref_20 ref_63 Monecke (ref_36) 2009; 28 Li (ref_61) 2015; 5 Kvachadze (ref_43) 2011; 4 ref_28 Jault (ref_11) 2018; 19 Pirnay (ref_50) 2015; 32 McNair (ref_76) 2012; 28 Vandenheuvel (ref_40) 2015; 81 ref_72 ref_71 ref_70 Dedrick (ref_21) 2019; 25 Coffey (ref_52) 2004; 186 Bull (ref_59) 2014; 5 Storms (ref_5) 2020; 1 ref_77 ref_32 Rosypal (ref_38) 1998; 246 ref_39 ref_37 Yamamoto (ref_73) 1970; 40 Storms (ref_66) 2016; 363 Kelly (ref_69) 2011; 2 Pires (ref_3) 2017; 39 Vybiral (ref_48) 2003; 219 Chan (ref_13) 2013; 8 Ferry (ref_56) 2020; 7 Roach (ref_8) 2017; 22 Botka (ref_25) 2019; 9 ref_47 ref_45 Kwan (ref_22) 2005; 102 Levin (ref_7) 2004; 2 ref_42 Pirnay (ref_12) 2011; 28 Dion (ref_27) 2020; 18 Stewart (ref_67) 2009; 392 ref_2 Vandersteegen (ref_41) 2013; 87 ref_49 ref_9 Stewart (ref_75) 2010; 388 Zimmerli (ref_29) 2004; 351 Xia (ref_23) 2014; 21 Alcock (ref_78) 2020; 48
References_xml	– volume: 246 start-page: 241 year: 1998 ident: ref_38 article-title: The polyvalent staphylococcal phage φ812: Its host-range mutants and related phages publication-title: Virology doi: 10.1006/viro.1998.9203 – volume: 2 start-page: 31 year: 2011 ident: ref_69 article-title: Development of a broad-host-range phage cocktail for biocontrol publication-title: Bioeng. Bugs doi: 10.4161/bbug.2.1.13657 – volume: 28 start-page: 1159 year: 2009 ident: ref_36 article-title: Molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in asymptomatic carriers publication-title: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. doi: 10.1007/s10096-009-0752-2 – ident: ref_63 doi: 10.1128/mBio.02530-19 – volume: 19 start-page: 455 year: 2012 ident: ref_74 article-title: SPAdes: A new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing publication-title: J. Comput. Biol. doi: 10.1089/cmb.2012.0021 – volume: 39 start-page: 273 year: 2012 ident: ref_35 article-title: Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Global epidemiology and harmonisation of typing methods publication-title: Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.09.030 – ident: ref_17 doi: 10.3390/v11030241 – ident: ref_32 doi: 10.3390/toxins8070209 – volume: 4 start-page: 643 year: 2011 ident: ref_43 article-title: Evaluation of lytic activity of staphylococcal bacteriophage Sb-1 against freshly isolated clinical pathogens publication-title: Microb. Biotechnol. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2011.00259.x – ident: ref_49 doi: 10.1101/2021.02.16.428622 – ident: ref_16 doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00069-15 – volume: 87 start-page: 3237 year: 2013 ident: ref_41 article-title: Romulus and Remus, Two Phage Isolates Representing a Distinct Clade within the Twortlikevirus Genus, Display Suitable Properties for Phage Therapy Applications publication-title: J. Virol. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02763-12 – ident: ref_71 – ident: ref_24 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70841-1 – ident: ref_39 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024418 – volume: 219 start-page: 275 year: 2003 ident: ref_48 article-title: Complete nucleotide sequence and molecular characterization of two lytic Staphylococcus aureus phages: 44AHJD and P68 publication-title: FEMS Microbiol. Lett. doi: 10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00028-4 – volume: 32 start-page: 2173 year: 2015 ident: ref_50 article-title: Quality and Safety Requirements for Sustainable Phage Therapy Products publication-title: Pharm. Res. doi: 10.1007/s11095-014-1617-7 – volume: 48 start-page: D517 year: 2020 ident: ref_78 article-title: CARD 2020: Antibiotic resistome surveillance with the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database publication-title: Nucleic Acids Res. – volume: 179 start-page: 459 year: 2019 ident: ref_19 article-title: Engineering Phage Host-Range and Suppressing Bacterial Resistance Through Phage Tail Fiber Mutagenesis publication-title: Cell doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.015 – volume: 81 start-page: 3336 year: 2015 ident: ref_40 article-title: Two phages, phiIPLA-RODI and phiIPLA-C1C, lyse mono-and dual-species staphylococcal biofilms publication-title: Appl. Environ. Microbiol. doi: 10.1128/AEM.03560-14 – ident: ref_68 doi: 10.1128/AEM.01209-19 – volume: 45 start-page: 3641 year: 2007 ident: ref_62 article-title: Quantitative detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis DNA in blood to diagnose bacteremia in patients in the intensive care unit publication-title: J. Clin. Microbiol. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01056-07 – volume: 392 start-page: 271 year: 2009 ident: ref_67 article-title: Roles of genes 38, 39, and 40 in shutoff of host biosyntheses during infection of Bacillus subtilis by bacteriophage SPO1 publication-title: Virology doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.06.046 – volume: 2 start-page: 166 year: 2004 ident: ref_7 article-title: Population and evolutionary dynamics of phage therapy publication-title: Nat. Rev. Microbiol. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro822 – ident: ref_70 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127606 – ident: ref_55 doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezz295 – volume: 28 start-page: 614 year: 2012 ident: ref_76 article-title: PHACTS, a computational approach to classifying the lifestyle of phages publication-title: Bioinformatics doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts014 – volume: 8 start-page: 162 year: 2017 ident: ref_4 article-title: Phage therapy: An alternative to antibiotics in the age of multi-drug resistance publication-title: World J. Gastrointest. Pharmacol. Ther. doi: 10.4292/wjgpt.v8.i3.162 – volume: 177 start-page: 63 year: 2017 ident: ref_31 article-title: The complex biology and contribution of Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis, current and future therapies publication-title: Br. J. Dermatol. doi: 10.1111/bjd.15139 – ident: ref_14 doi: 10.3390/v10040178 – volume: 68 start-page: 151 year: 2021 ident: ref_15 article-title: Enhancing phage therapy through synthetic biology and genome engineering publication-title: Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.11.003 – volume: 22 start-page: 38.e4 year: 2017 ident: ref_8 article-title: Synergy between the Host Immune System and Bacteriophage Is Essential for Successful Phage Therapy against an Acute Respiratory Pathogen publication-title: Cell Host Microbe doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.06.018 – ident: ref_42 doi: 10.3390/v11010088 – volume: 8 start-page: 769 year: 2013 ident: ref_13 article-title: Phage cocktails and the future of phage therapy publication-title: Future Microbiol. doi: 10.2217/fmb.13.47 – ident: ref_77 doi: 10.1093/jac/dkaa345 – volume: 102 start-page: 8963 year: 2018 ident: ref_65 article-title: Analysis of phage resistance in Staphylococcus aureus SA003 reveals different binding mechanisms for the closely related Twort-like phages ɸSA012 and ɸSA039 publication-title: Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. doi: 10.1007/s00253-018-9269-x – volume: 32 start-page: 2 year: 2019 ident: ref_1 article-title: Phage therapy in the postantibiotic era publication-title: Clin. Microbiol. Rev. – ident: ref_57 doi: 10.1128/AAC.00954-17 – volume: 39 start-page: 48 year: 2017 ident: ref_3 article-title: Phage therapy as an alternative or complementary strategy to prevent and control biofilm-related infections publication-title: Curr. Opin. Microbiol. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.09.004 – volume: 29 start-page: 457 year: 2010 ident: ref_46 article-title: Molecular fingerprinting of Staphylococcus aureus from bone and joint infections publication-title: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. doi: 10.1007/s10096-010-0884-4 – ident: ref_47 doi: 10.1128/AAC.00816-17 – volume: 388 start-page: 48 year: 2010 ident: ref_75 article-title: The Genome of Bacillus subtilis Bacteriophage SPO1 publication-title: J. Mol. Biol. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.03.009 – volume: 19 start-page: 2 year: 2018 ident: ref_11 article-title: Efficacy and tolerability of a cocktail of bacteriophages to treat burn wounds infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PhagoBurn): A randomised, controlled, double-blind phase 1/2 trial publication-title: Lancet Infect. Dis. – volume: 28 start-page: 934 year: 2011 ident: ref_12 article-title: The phage therapy paradigm: Prêt-à-porter or sur-mesure? publication-title: Pharm. Res. doi: 10.1007/s11095-010-0313-5 – ident: ref_28 – volume: 5 start-page: 618 year: 2014 ident: ref_59 article-title: The habits of highly effective phages: Population dynamics as a framework for identifying therapeutic phages publication-title: Front. Microbiol. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00618 – ident: ref_72 doi: 10.3390/mps1030027 – volume: 52 start-page: 1501 year: 2014 ident: ref_79 article-title: Real-time whole-genome sequencing for routine typing, surveillance, and outbreak detection of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli publication-title: J. Clin. Microbiol. doi: 10.1128/JCM.03617-13 – volume: 10 start-page: 2289 year: 2019 ident: ref_10 article-title: Robust Approaches for the Production of Active Ingredient and Drug Product for Human Phage Therapy publication-title: Front. Microbiol. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02289 – volume: 10 start-page: 2537 year: 2019 ident: ref_64 article-title: Constructing and Characterizing Bacteriophage Libraries for Phage Therapy of Human Infections publication-title: Front. Microbiol. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02537 – ident: ref_20 doi: 10.1128/mBio.00019-20 – volume: 40 start-page: 734 year: 1970 ident: ref_73 article-title: Rapid bacteriophage sedimentation in the presence of polyethylene glycol and its application to large-scale virus purification publication-title: Virology doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(70)90218-7 – volume: 18 start-page: 125 year: 2020 ident: ref_27 article-title: Phage diversity, genomics and phylogeny publication-title: Nat. Rev. Microbiol. doi: 10.1038/s41579-019-0311-5 – volume: 25 start-page: 219 year: 2019 ident: ref_6 article-title: Phage Therapy: A Renewed Approach to Combat Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria publication-title: Cell Host Microbe doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.01.014 – ident: ref_37 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077477 – volume: 21 start-page: 593 year: 2014 ident: ref_23 article-title: Phages of Staphylococcus aureus and their impact on host evolution publication-title: Infect. Genet. Evol. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.04.022 – volume: 351 start-page: 1645 year: 2004 ident: ref_29 article-title: Current concepts: Prosthetic-joint infections publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra040181 – volume: 5 start-page: 17219 year: 2015 ident: ref_61 article-title: An accessory wall teichoic acid glycosyltransferase protects Staphylococcus aureus from the lytic activity of Podoviridae publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/srep17219 – volume: 6 start-page: e1096995 year: 2016 ident: ref_18 article-title: Development of expanded host range phage active on biofilms of multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa publication-title: Bacteriophage doi: 10.1080/21597081.2015.1096995 – volume: 102 start-page: 5174 year: 2005 ident: ref_22 article-title: The complete genomes and proteomes of 27 Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophages publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA doi: 10.1073/pnas.0501140102 – ident: ref_53 doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000215 – volume: 9 start-page: 5475 year: 2019 ident: ref_25 article-title: Lytic and genomic properties of spontaneous host-range Kayvirus mutants prove their suitability for upgrading phage therapeutics against staphylococci publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-41868-w – volume: 186 start-page: 2862 year: 2004 ident: ref_52 article-title: Genome of Staphylococcal Phage K: A New Lineage of Myoviridae Infecting Gram-Positive Bacteria with a Low G+C Content publication-title: J. Bacteriol. doi: 10.1128/JB.186.9.2862-2871.2004 – ident: ref_58 doi: 10.3390/v11030265 – ident: ref_60 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa705 – volume: 266 start-page: 323 year: 2004 ident: ref_33 article-title: Exploring the concept of clonality in bacteria publication-title: Methods Mol. Biol. – volume: 1 start-page: 27 year: 2020 ident: ref_5 article-title: The Virulence Index: A Metric for Quantitative Analysis of Phage Virulence publication-title: Phage doi: 10.1089/phage.2019.0001 – ident: ref_45 doi: 10.1128/JCM.01160-17 – volume: 68 start-page: 214 year: 2019 ident: ref_30 article-title: Vital Signs: Epidemiology and Recent Trends in Methicillin-Resistant and in Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections—United States publication-title: MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6809e1 – volume: 25 start-page: 730 year: 2019 ident: ref_21 article-title: Engineered bacteriophages for treatment of a patient with a disseminated drug-resistant Mycobacterium abscessus publication-title: Nat. Med. doi: 10.1038/s41591-019-0437-z – ident: ref_54 doi: 10.3390/v11100891 – volume: 7 start-page: 41259 year: 2017 ident: ref_51 article-title: Safety assessment of Staphylococcus phages of the family Myoviridae based on complete genome sequences publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/srep41259 – ident: ref_2 doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9110827 – volume: 6 start-page: 2551 year: 2014 ident: ref_44 article-title: Facing Antibiotic Resistance: Staphylococcus aureus Phages as a Medical Tool publication-title: Viruses doi: 10.3390/v6072551 – volume: 34 start-page: 44 year: 1949 ident: ref_26 article-title: Genetic Recombination between Host-Range and Plaque-Type Mutants of Bacteriophage in Single Bacterial Cells publication-title: Genetics doi: 10.1093/genetics/34.1.44 – volume: 7 start-page: 570572 year: 2020 ident: ref_56 article-title: Phage Therapy as Adjuvant to Conservative Surgery and Antibiotics to Salvage Patients With Relapsing S. aureus Prosthetic Knee Infection publication-title: Front. Med. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.570572 – ident: ref_9 doi: 10.3390/v10070351 – volume: 363 start-page: fnw002 year: 2016 ident: ref_66 article-title: Host receptors for bacteriophage adsorption publication-title: FEMS Microbiol. Lett. doi: 10.1093/femsle/fnw002 – volume: 185 start-page: 3307 year: 2003 ident: ref_34 article-title: How clonal is Staphylococcus aureus? publication-title: J. Bacteriol. doi: 10.1128/JB.185.11.3307-3316.2003
SSID	ssj0057141
Score	2.2243807
Snippet	Due to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance, and the difficulties of treating biofilm-associated infections, alternative treatments for S. aureus... Due to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance, and the difficulties of treating biofilm-associated infections, alternative treatments for S. aureus...
SourceID	doaj pubmedcentral proquest crossref
SourceType	Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database
StartPage	325
SubjectTerms	antimicrobial resistance Epidemiology Genomes homologous recombination host range phage breeding phage therapy phage training Staphylococcus infections Virulence
SummonAdditionalLinks	– databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1La9wwEBYlp15K27TUbVomtAQKMbFlPVbHpCQshYZQkpKb0WO2CQRvWO8G9oflb-Q3dWR5H4ZCL73YII0tWTPSzFijbxj74n0IokKTjyo7yoVwZW60FDlXYYRWop24uKP741yNr8T3a3m9leorxoQleOA0cEdaGz6hh_TEG6Eqb0WQTlk08eXWdcd8C1OsnKm0BktdijKBkVbk1B_d30QUmaKKCbG31E-H0j8wLYeBkVua5uwle9GbiHCcuvaKPcPmNTu4SBjTy0O43ByZag_hAC426NPLXTZ7euQ5Ff3Gll6BcG47ZI27JZzMMIBtAoztA4KFX7adU3H6rUBV42k7h5_xsAHcNkBWKHGAVN3U-0ULdjFDusWAT6CVJEB0YCG184ZdnZ1efhvnfWKF3HMjZB4x0LwKBQ0NcuMCjY2caK1Qca18kMEEXymFoaCykvQV11ZpZ71T3HuF1Vu200wbfMdASoslKm-4dgLpYqwOynsyywzSBMzY19V4175HHY_JL-5q8j4ib-oNbzL2eU17n7A2_kp1Etm2poj42F0BSU3dS039L6nJ2N6K6XU_aduavKsIeE_NZGx_XU3TLe6h2Aani0jDyQkk711lTA-EZdChYU1ze9MBd486IGDx_n98wQf2nMfwmhhExPfYzny2wI9kH83dp24q_AFJqhKN priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: ProQuest Central dbid: BENPR link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3da9swEBdd-rKXsU-WrRsaG4VBTWNZH9HDGMtoCYOFUNrRNyNLl7ZQ7MxOCvnD-m_sb9qdP5Iaxl5sOB2W0Z10d9Lpd4x98j4EmYCNxokbR1JmcWSNkpHQYQxOgVtkdKL7c6anF_LHpbrcY7PuLgylVXZrYr1Qh8LTHvkxur6ERo4693X5O6KqUXS62pXQcG1phfClhhh7xPaRV40GbH9yMpufdWuzMrGMG5DSBIP94-U1ocuMEiqU_cAs1ej9PZeznzD5wAKdPmVPWteRf2tk_YztQf6cHc4b7OnNET_fXaWqjvghn-9QqTcvWPnnXkRIuoIKPwF85mrEjdsNn5QQuMsDn7o74I7_ctUKyc12AzZNi2rFz-gSAr_JOXqnKBk0gYX364q7dQn4okRQjitM4BTY8qafl-zi9OT8-zRqCy5EXlipIsJG8zqMcGhA2Czg2KiFMRq0MNoHFWzwidYQRkiL0Y4J47TJnM-08F5D8ooN8iKH14wr5SAG7a0wmQR8WGeC9h7dNQs4MYfsczfeqW_RyKkoxm2KUQnJJt3JZsg-bnmXDQbHP7kmJLYtB-Fm14SivErbaZgaY8UCVdAsvJU68U4GlWkHllTVZeMhO-iEnraTuUp3qjdkH7bNOA3pbMXlUKyJR2BwiFG9HjLTU5beD_Vb8pvrGtB7XAMEyzf_7_wteywooYbShsQBG6zKNbxDj2iVvW_V_C9Log9u priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest
Title	ε2-Phages Are Naturally Bred and Have a Vastly Improved Host Range in Staphylococcus aureus over Wild Type Phages
URI	https://www.proquest.com/docview/2550212040 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2520865236 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8065394 https://doaj.org/article/7792fa5e7fc9463ca4d5b6ae983a8ab8
Volume	14
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link	http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3db9MwELfG9sIL4lMURmUEmoS0QOv4I35AiKJOFRJVNa1ob5FjX7dJVTKSdlpf-K_4N_ibuEv6QdAeeHEk-xInPl_uzj7_jrG33ocgY7BRErskkjLrR9YoGQkdEnAK3CyjHd1vYz2ayq_n6nyPbfJ3rgewutO1o3xS03L-_vbH6hMK_EfyONFl_3B9SRgxvVioe-yg3ieiED653U1QpslgSYe6okRI08CU_nNvSzHV-P0to7MdMvmXDjp5yB6sjUf-ueH2I7YH-WN2NGnQp1fH_Gx3mKo65kd8ssOlXj1h5e9fIsKqC6jwEcDHrsbcmK_4oITAXR74yN0Ad_y7qxZY3Sw4YNOoqBb8lI4h8Kuco32KvEElWHi_rLhbloAXCgXl-I8JnFxb3vTzlE1PhmdfRtE65ULkhZUqInQ0r0MPhwaEzQKOjZoZo0ELo31QwQYfaw2hh3V91GTCOG0y5zMtvNcQP2P7eZHDc8aVctAH7a0wmQQsrDNBe48GmwUUzQ57txnv1K_xyCktxjxFv4R4k-5402FvtrTXDQrHnVQDYtuWgpCz64qivEjXgpgaY8UMJ6GZeSt17J0MKtMOLE1WlyUddrhherqZjSn6XQSFj9102OttMwoi7a64HIol0Qh0D9Gv1x1mWpOl9ULtlvzqsob0TmqIYPniv77zJbsvKLKG4ofEIdtflEt4habRIuuyg8FwPDnt1ksL3VoKqPw5_AMcLxI4
linkProvider	Scholars Portal
linkToHtml	http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1bb9MwFLZG9wAviKsoDDACJiEt2uI4dv0wIQqbOrZV1dShvWWOfbpNmpLStKD-MF75CfwmzsmlXSXE214SybacyOduH3-HsXfOeS8jMEEnsp1AyjQMjI5lIJTvgI3BjlI60T3uq96p_HoWn62x381dGEqrbHRiqah97miPfBtdX0IjR577OP4eUNUoOl1tSmjYurSC3y0hxuqLHYcw_4khXLF78AXp_V6I_b3h515QVxkInDAyDggQzCm_g8E_CJN6iU7OSGsFSmjlfOyNd5FS4DHihxCVt9BW6dS6VAnnFEQ47x22LmkDpcXWu3v9wUljC2IdyrACRY1w_u3xJaHZ7ERUmPuGGSyrBay4uKsJmjcs3v4Ddr92VfmnircesjXIHrHNQYV1Pd_iw-XVrWKLb_LBEgV7_phN_vwSATZdQIFTAO_bEuHjes67E_DcZp737A_gln-zxRSbq-0N7OrlxZSf0KUHfpVx9IaRE9Dk5s7NCm5nE8AXJZ5y1GieUyDNq-88Yae3svRPWSvLM3jGeBxbCEE5I3QqAR_Gaq-cQ_fQACqCNvvQrHfiavRzKsJxnWAURLRJlrRps7eLseMK8-Ofo7pEtsUIwukuG_LJRVKLfaK1ESNkeT1yRqrIWenjVFkwJBo27bTZRkP0pFYeRbJk9TZ7s-hGsaezHJtBPqMxAoPRWESqzfQKs6z80GpPdnVZAoh3SkBi-fz_H3_N7vaGx0fJ0UH_8AW7JyiZh1KWxAZrTSczeIne2DR9VbM8Z-e3LWV_AZFjS18
linkToPdf	http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3db9MwELfGJiFeEJ8iMMAImIS0qK3j2PXDhChb1TGoqmlDewuOfd0mTUlpWlD_MP4JHvibuMtHu0qIt70kkm05ke98H_bd7xh745z3MgITdiPbDaVMO6HRsQyF8l2wMdhxSje6X4ZqcCo_ncVnG-x3kwtDYZWNTCwFtc8dnZG30PQlNHLkuda4DosY7fffT76HVEGKblqbchq2LrPg90q4sTrJ4wgWP9GdK_YO95H2b4XoH5x8HIR1xYHQCSPjkMDBnPLtyLRBmNRLNHjGWitQQivnY2-8i5QCj94_dFCQC22VTq1LlXBOQYTz3mJbGrU-OoJbvYPh6LjRC7HuyE4FkBrh_K3JBSHbtCMq0n1NJZaVA9bM3fVgzWvar3-P3a3NVv6h4rP7bAOyB2xnVOFeL3b5ySqNq9jlO3y0QsRePGTTP79EiE3nUOAUwIe2RPu4WvDeFDy3mecD-wO45V9tMcPm6qgDuwZ5MePHlADBLzOOljFyBarf3Ll5we18CviiIFSO0s1zcqp59Z1H7PRGlv4x28zyDJ4wHscWOqCcETqVgA9jtVfOoaloAIVCwN416524GgmdCnJcJegREW2SFW0C9no5dlLhf_xzVI_IthxBmN1lQz49T2oRkGhtxBjZX4-dkSpyVvo4VRYMbRObdgO23RA9qQVJkazYPmCvlt0oAuhex2aQz2mMQMc0FpEKmF5jlrUfWu_JLi9KMPFuCU4sn_7_4y_ZbdxtyefD4dEzdkdQXA9FL4lttjmbzuE5Gmaz9EXN8Zx9u-lN9hf6BU-j
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%CE%B52-Phages+Are+Naturally+Bred+and+Have+a+Vastly+Improved+Host+Range+in+Staphylococcus+aureus+over+Wild+Type+Phages&rft.jtitle=Pharmaceuticals+%28Basel%2C+Switzerland%29&rft.au=S%C3%A1ez+Moreno%2C+David&rft.au=Visram%2C+Zehra&rft.au=Mutti%2C+Michele&rft.au=Restrepo-C%C3%B3rdoba%2C+Marcela&rft.date=2021-04-02&rft.issn=1424-8247&rft.eissn=1424-8247&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=325&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fph14040325&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_3390_ph14040325
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1424-8247&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1424-8247&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1424-8247&client=summon