3-D Short-Range Imaging With Irregular MIMO Arrays Using NUFFT-Based Range Migration Algorithm

• Published in: IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing Vol. 58; no. 7; pp. 4730 - 4742
• Main Authors: Wang, Jianping, Aubry, Pascal, Yarovoy, Alexander
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.07.2020; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: 3-D imaging; Algorithms; Antenna arrays; Arrays; Bandwidths; Computer applications; Computer simulation; Fast Fourier transformations; Fourier transforms; Imaging; Imaging techniques; Linear antenna arrays; Microwave imaging; MIMO communication; multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) array; nonuniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT); Phased arrays; range migration; Receiving antennas; Sampling; Three dimensional imaging; Wavelengths; Zirconium
• ISSN: 0196-2892; 1558-0644
• DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2020.2966368

3-D imaging with irregular planar multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) arrays is discussed. Due to signal acquisition on irregular spatial sampling grids by using these antenna arrays, the fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based imaging algorithms cannot readily be used for image formation. To avoid the application of computationally intensive coherent summation algorithms such as filtered backprojection or Kirchhoff migration, we propose a nonuniform FFT (NUFFT)-based MIMO Range Migration Algorithm (i.e., NUFFT-based MIMO-RMA) for efficient microwave imaging. The algorithm exploits NUFFT to reconstruct the wavenumber-domain spectra related to each Fourier frequency. It is generic and applicable to 3-D imaging with irregular planar MIMO arrays. The effects of irregular spatial sampling and signal bandwidth on the imaging performance and computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm are analyzed. Finally, some numerical simulations and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed imaging algorithm.