Extended Traveling Wave Theory for the Multistage Tower Under a Direct Lightning Strike

This article presents a theoretical time-domain analysis of lightning surge propagation on a multistage and multi-conductor tower. An extended traveling wave theory using electric scalar potential is introduced. The non-TEM wave propagation in the tower is characterized by time/position-variant tran...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inIEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility Vol. 63; no. 3; pp. 830 - 839
Main Authors Ding, Yuxuan, Li, Binghao, Du, Ya Ping, Chen, Mingli, Li, Zhe, Zhao, Yu-ming
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York IEEE 01.06.2021
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects
Conductors
Dipole
Dipoles
Discontinuity
Electrical surges
Impedance
Lightning
Lightning strikes
Poles and towers
Propagation
Reflectance
Surges
Time domain analysis
tower
Transient analysis
transmission line
Transmission lines
Traveling waves
Wave propagation
Wires
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0018-9375
1558-187X
DOI10.1109/TEMC.2020.3030413

Cover

Abstract This article presents a theoretical time-domain analysis of lightning surge propagation on a multistage and multi-conductor tower. An extended traveling wave theory using electric scalar potential is introduced. The non-TEM wave propagation in the tower is characterized by time/position-variant transient impedance. The analytical formulas of the transient impedance are presented for any position/time in the tower, as well as those of the reflection coefficient at a discontinuity. The concept of primary and secondary waves is introduced to depict the multiple reflections in the tower. It is found that the primary current wave attenuates during its propagation in the tower, and is corrected by a factor when crossing over the discontinuity. A pair of secondary waves is generated at the discontinuity, similar to a center-fed dipole. The proposed method is applied to evaluate the lightning current in a two-stage tower. The result of the proposed method is of high consistency with the FDTD result. It is also observed that the secondary waves could be neglected if the reflection coefficient is small. The traditional transmission line theory could lead to a significant error of the current in the tower.
AbstractList This article presents a theoretical time-domain analysis of lightning surge propagation on a multistage and multi-conductor tower. An extended traveling wave theory using electric scalar potential is introduced. The non-TEM wave propagation in the tower is characterized by time/position-variant transient impedance. The analytical formulas of the transient impedance are presented for any position/time in the tower, as well as those of the reflection coefficient at a discontinuity. The concept of primary and secondary waves is introduced to depict the multiple reflections in the tower. It is found that the primary current wave attenuates during its propagation in the tower, and is corrected by a factor when crossing over the discontinuity. A pair of secondary waves is generated at the discontinuity, similar to a center-fed dipole. The proposed method is applied to evaluate the lightning current in a two-stage tower. The result of the proposed method is of high consistency with the FDTD result. It is also observed that the secondary waves could be neglected if the reflection coefficient is small. The traditional transmission line theory could lead to a significant error of the current in the tower.
Author Li, Zhe
Zhao, Yu-ming
Li, Binghao
Du, Ya Ping
Chen, Mingli
Ding, Yuxuan
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Yuxuan
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8681-6331
  surname: Ding
  fullname: Ding, Yuxuan
  email: yx.ding@connect.polyu.hk
  organization: Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Binghao
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2749-4517
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Binghao
  email: binghao.li@connect.polyu.hk
  organization: Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Ya Ping
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0649-4649
  surname: Du
  fullname: Du, Ya Ping
  email: ya-ping.du@polyu.edu.hk
  organization: Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Mingli
  orcidid: 0000-0002-1746-0172
  surname: Chen
  fullname: Chen, Mingli
  email: mingli.chen@polyu.edu.hk
  organization: Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Zhe
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Zhe
  email: csglizhe@163.com
  organization: China Southern Power Grid Company limited, Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau, Shenzhen, China
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Yu-ming
  surname: Zhao
  fullname: Zhao, Yu-ming
  email: zhaoym97@sina.com
  organization: China Southern Power Grid Company limited, Shenzhen Power Supply Bureau, Shenzhen, China
BookMark eNp9kE1PwkAQhjcGEwH9AcbLJp6L-9ntHg3iRwLxYAnemm07hUVscbuo_Hu3gXjw4GlmMvPMmzwD1KubGhC6pGREKdE36WQ2HjHCyIgTTgTlJ6hPpUwimqjXHuoTQpNIcyXP0KBt12EUkvE-Wky-PdQllDh15hM2tl7iRWhwuoLG7XHVOOxXgGe7jbetN8uwab7A4XmAHDb4zjooPJ7a5crXHf3inX2Dc3RamU0LF8c6RPP7STp-jKbPD0_j22lUMM19RHOdJ0bEpaFxJfNYClOWILiWBJKYlZpQUoi4EooktFRKKkHiXFdUGqAB5UN0ffi7dc3HDlqfrZudq0NkxiTXWqlEsHBFD1eFa9rWQZVtnX03bp9RknX-ss5f1vnLjv4Co_4whfXG26b2ztjNv-TVgbQA8JukmaBKMf4DYy1-XA
CODEN IEMCAE
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1109_TEMC_2022_3215825
Cites_doi 10.1109/TAP.1983.1142989
10.1029/2006JD007959
10.1029/2002JD002119
10.1109/15.942607
10.1109/8.718576
10.1109/AIEEPAS.1957.4499772
10.1109/TEMC.2016.2589932
10.1109/61.871367
10.1109/61.853024
10.1109/61.368374
10.1109/TEMC.2005.850690
10.1109/TPAS.1985.319139
10.1109/TEMC.2011.2160068
10.1029/2003JD003398
10.1109/TPWRD.2003.823210
10.1109/TPWRD.2003.809683
10.1109/TPWRD.2004.829878
10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.028
10.1109/TEMC.2017.2700079
10.1109/TEMC.2010.2041458
10.1109/15.477335
10.1016/j.epsr.2012.05.007
10.1049/ip-gtd:19949988
10.1541/ieejpes1972.105.733
10.1109/TPWRD.2019.2908012
10.1029/2002JD002973
10.1109/PES.2005.1489355
10.1109/TPAS.1969.292357
10.1109/TPAS.1983.318134
10.1049/ip-gtd:19960289
10.1109/TEMC.2011.2174240
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2021
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2021
DBID 97E
RIA
RIE
AAYXX
CITATION
7SP
8FD
L7M
DOI 10.1109/TEMC.2020.3030413
DatabaseName IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present
IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present
IEEE Xplore Digital Library
CrossRef
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Technology Research Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
DatabaseTitleList
Technology Research Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: RIE
  name: IEEE Xplore Digital Library
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 1558-187X
EndPage 839
ExternalDocumentID 10_1109_TEMC_2020_3030413
9241772
Genre orig-research
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Research Grants Council of the HKSAR
  grantid: 15208019; 15210018
GroupedDBID -~X
.DC
0R~
29I
4.4
5GY
5VS
6IK
97E
AAJGR
AARMG
AASAJ
AAWTH
ABAZT
ABFSI
ABQJQ
ABVLG
ACGFO
ACIWK
ACNCT
AENEX
AETIX
AGQYO
AGSQL
AHBIQ
AI.
AIBXA
AKJIK
AKQYR
ALLEH
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ASUFR
ATWAV
BEFXN
BFFAM
BGNUA
BKEBE
BPEOZ
CS3
DU5
E.L
EBS
EJD
HZ~
H~9
IAAWW
IBMZZ
ICLAB
IDIHD
IFIPE
IFJZH
IPLJI
JAVBF
LAI
M43
MS~
O9-
OCL
P2P
RIA
RIE
RNS
RXW
TAE
TAF
TN5
VH1
AAYXX
CITATION
7SP
8FD
L7M
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c293t-1b9b8a46da16f5b654adde43950e862d9010c46f47081d7757406b9f15ae19b83
IEDL.DBID RIE
ISSN 0018-9375
IngestDate Mon Jun 30 10:22:39 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:11:21 EDT 2025
Wed Oct 01 01:38:10 EDT 2025
Wed Aug 27 02:26:44 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 3
Language English
License https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html
https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029
https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c293t-1b9b8a46da16f5b654adde43950e862d9010c46f47081d7757406b9f15ae19b83
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0000-0001-8681-6331
0000-0003-2749-4517
0000-0002-1746-0172
0000-0003-0649-4649
PQID 2539977842
PQPubID 85467
PageCount 10
ParticipantIDs crossref_primary_10_1109_TEMC_2020_3030413
ieee_primary_9241772
proquest_journals_2539977842
crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_TEMC_2020_3030413
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2021-06-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-06-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 06
  year: 2021
  text: 2021-06-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace New York
PublicationPlace_xml – name: New York
PublicationTitle IEEE transactions on electromagnetic compatibility
PublicationTitleAbbrev TEMC
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher IEEE
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher_xml – name: IEEE
– name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
References ref35
ref34
ref12
ref37
ref15
ref36
ref14
ref31
ref33
ref11
ref32
ref10
ref2
ref1
ref17
ref16
ref19
ref18
kraus (ref27) 1984
wagner (ref7) 1960; 79
heidler (ref29) 1985
ref24
ref23
ref26
ref25
ref20
ref22
ref21
ding (ref38) 0
ref28
baba (ref13) 2000; 15
ref8
du (ref30) 2017; 32
ref9
ref4
ref3
ref6
ref5
References_xml – ident: ref28
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.1983.1142989
– ident: ref15
  doi: 10.1029/2006JD007959
– ident: ref16
  doi: 10.1029/2002JD002119
– ident: ref5
  doi: 10.1109/15.942607
– ident: ref33
  doi: 10.1109/8.718576
– ident: ref20
  doi: 10.1109/AIEEPAS.1957.4499772
– ident: ref26
  doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2016.2589932
– volume: 15
  start-page: 1010
  year: 2000
  ident: ref13
  article-title: Numerical electromagnetic field analysis on lightning surge response of tower with shield wire
  publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Del
  doi: 10.1109/61.871367
– ident: ref36
  doi: 10.1109/61.853024
– ident: ref2
  doi: 10.1109/61.368374
– ident: ref18
  doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2005.850690
– ident: ref9
  doi: 10.1109/TPAS.1985.319139
– ident: ref21
  doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2011.2160068
– ident: ref6
  doi: 10.1029/2003JD003398
– ident: ref12
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2003.823210
– volume: 79
  start-page: 589
  year: 1960
  ident: ref7
  article-title: A new approach to the calculation of the lightning performance of transmission lines-Part III
  publication-title: Power App Syst Part III Trans Amer Inst Electr Eng
– ident: ref14
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2003.809683
– ident: ref37
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.1983.1142989
– ident: ref19
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2004.829878
– ident: ref25
  doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2014.02.028
– ident: ref23
  doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2017.2700079
– ident: ref22
  doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2010.2041458
– ident: ref32
  doi: 10.1109/15.477335
– ident: ref24
  doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2012.05.007
– volume: 32
  start-page: 2472
  year: 2017
  ident: ref30
  article-title: The extended thin-wire model of lossy round wire structures for FDTD simulations
  publication-title: IEEE Trans Power Del
– ident: ref10
  doi: 10.1049/ip-gtd:19949988
– start-page: 485
  year: 1984
  ident: ref27
  publication-title: Electromagnetics
– ident: ref34
  doi: 10.1541/ieejpes1972.105.733
– start-page: 157
  year: 1985
  ident: ref29
  article-title: Traveling current source model for LEMP calculation
  publication-title: Proc 6th Int Zurich Symp Electromagn Compat
– ident: ref31
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2019.2908012
– ident: ref17
  doi: 10.1029/2002JD002973
– ident: ref4
  doi: 10.1109/PES.2005.1489355
– ident: ref8
  doi: 10.1109/TPAS.1969.292357
– ident: ref3
  doi: 10.1109/TPAS.1983.318134
– ident: ref1
  doi: 10.1049/ip-gtd:19960289
– ident: ref35
  doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2011.2174240
– ident: ref11
  doi: 10.1049/ip-gtd:19960289
– year: 0
  ident: ref38
  article-title: Surges on a vertical conductor excited by current and voltage sources
  publication-title: Proc 10th Asia-Pacific Int Conf Lightning
SSID ssj0014523
Score 2.330634
Snippet This article presents a theoretical time-domain analysis of lightning surge propagation on a multistage and multi-conductor tower. An extended traveling wave...
SourceID proquest
crossref
ieee
SourceType Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 830
SubjectTerms Conductors
Dipole
Dipoles
Discontinuity
Electrical surges
Impedance
Lightning
Lightning strikes
Poles and towers
Propagation
Reflectance
Surges
Time domain analysis
tower
Transient analysis
transmission line
Transmission lines
Traveling waves
Wave propagation
Wires
Title Extended Traveling Wave Theory for the Multistage Tower Under a Direct Lightning Strike
URI https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9241772
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2539977842
Volume 63
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVIEE
  databaseName: IEEE Xplore Digital Library
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1558-187X
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0014523
  issn: 0018-9375
  databaseCode: RIE
  dateStart: 19640101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  providerName: IEEE
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1LT8JAEJ4AJz34QiOKZg-ejIVu2-22R0MgxIgXIXBrututMRgwWC7-eme2hfiK8bZJu8lmZh_fN0-Aq0xJFfomcrRxpUM7BM-czh2FfMjP4zAVtovC6CEcToK7mZjV4GabC2OMscFnpkND68vPlnpNprIucgWOaLAOdRmFZa7W1mMQCK_0JnM8wL4UlQeTu3F33B_1kAl6SFDJEcj9L2-Qbary4ya2z8tgH0abhZVRJfPOulAd_f6tZuN_V34AexXOZLflxjiEmlkcwe6n6oNNmPYrAzgbUw8iyktnUxywMl-fIZxlCA-ZzdFFEPmEX6inGrO9kljKyuuS3RO_J_MKeyxWz3NzDJNBf9wbOlWfBUfjY184XMUqSoMwS3mYCxWKgC49RCrCNUh4Morg0EGYBxLxQyalkIgCVJxzkRqOU_0TaCyWC3MKLIgyThxMamHL2kQZSjwVXq5i3_W0boG7kXyiqyLk1AvjJbFkxI0TUlZCykoqZbXgejvltazA8dfPTRL-9sdK7i1ob9SbVGf0LfGoKK-UUeCd_T7rHHY8imCxNpc2NIrV2lwgBCnUpd17H0O21R4
linkProvider IEEE
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3JTsMwEB2xHIADW0GU1QdOiJQ4sePkiFBRgZYLrdpbFDsOQqCCIL3w9cw4acUmxM1SYsma8fLerADHuVY6Cm3sGesrj3YInjlTeBr5UFgkUSZdF4XebdQZiOuRHM3B6SwXxlrrgs9si4bOl58_mwmZys6QK3BEg_OwKIUQssrWmvkMhAwqfzLHIxwqWfswuZ-c9du9C-SCAVJUcgXy8Msr5Nqq_LiL3QNzuQa96dKquJLH1qTULfP-rWrjf9e-Dqs10mTn1dbYgDk73oSVT_UHGzBs1yZw1qcuRJSZzoY4YFXGPkNAyxAgMpelizDyHr9QVzXmuiWxjFUXJusSwycDC7srXx8e7RYMLtv9i45Xd1rwDD73pcd1ouNMRHnGo0LqSAq69hCrSN8i5ckphsOIqBAKEUSulFSIA3RScJlZjlPDbVgYP4_tDjAR55xYmDLSFbaJc5R4JoNCJ6EfGNMEfyr51NRlyKkbxlPq6IifpKSslJSV1spqwslsyktVg-Ovnxsk_NmPtdybsD9Vb1qf0rc0oLK8SsUi2P191hEsdfq9btq9ur3Zg-WA4lmcBWYfFsrXiT1AQFLqQ7cPPwCZMNhr
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Extended+Traveling+Wave+Theory+for+the+Multistage+Tower+Under+a+Direct+Lightning+Strike&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+electromagnetic+compatibility&rft.au=Ding%2C+Yuxuan&rft.au=Li%2C+Binghao&rft.au=Du%2C+Ya+Ping&rft.au=Chen%2C+Mingli&rft.date=2021-06-01&rft.pub=The+Institute+of+Electrical+and+Electronics+Engineers%2C+Inc.+%28IEEE%29&rft.issn=0018-9375&rft.eissn=1558-187X&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=830&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTEMC.2020.3030413&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0018-9375&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0018-9375&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0018-9375&client=summon