3D Non-Stationary Channel Measurement and Analysis for MaMIMO-UAV Communications

• Published in: IEEE transactions on vehicular technology Vol. 73; no. 5; pp. 6061 - 6072
• Main Authors: Colpaert, Achiel, Cui, Zhuangzhuang, Vinogradov, Evgenii, Pollin, Sofie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.05.2024; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Air-to-ground (A2G); Antenna measurements; Antennas; Autonomous aerial vehicles; channel measurements; channel stationarity; Communication; Communication networks; Communications systems; Correlation; Drones; massive multi-input multi-output (MaMIMO) testbed; Measurement; Time domain analysis; Time-frequency analysis; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); Unmanned aerial vehicles
• ISSN: 0018-9545; 1939-9359
• DOI: 10.1109/TVT.2023.3340447

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have gained popularity in the communications research community because of their versatility in placement and potential to extend the functions of communication networks. However, there remains a gap in existing works regarding measurement-verified stationarity analysis of the air-to-ground (A2G) Massive Multi-Input Multi-Output (MaMIMO) channel which plays an important role in realistic UAV deployment. In this article, we first design a UAV MaMIMO communication platform for channel acquisition. We then use the testbed to measure uplink Channel State Information (CSI) between a rotary-wing drone and a 64-element MaMIMO base station (BS). For characterization, we focus on multidimensional channel stationarity which is a fundamental metric in communication systems. Afterward, we present measurement results and analyze the channel statistics based on power delay profiles (PDPs) considering space, time, and frequency domains. We propose the stationary angle (SA) as a supplementary metric of stationary distance (SD) in the time domain. We analyze the coherence bandwidth and RMS delay spread for frequency stationarity. Finally, spatial correlations between elements are analyzed to indicate the spatial stationarity of the array. The space-time-frequency channel stationary characterization will benefit the physical layer design of MaMIMO-UAV communications.