SwarmCity project: monitoring traffic, pedestrians, climate, and pollution with an aerial robotic swarm Data collection and fusion in a smart city, and its representation using virtual reality

Smart cities have emerged as a strategy to solve problems that current cities face, such as traffic, security, resource management, waste, and pollution. Most of the current approaches are based on deploying large numbers of sensors throughout the city and have some limitations to get relevant and u...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inPersonal and ubiquitous computing Vol. 26; no. 4; pp. 1151 - 1167
Main Authors Roldán-Gómez, Juan Jesús, Garcia-Aunon, Pablo, Mazariegos, Pablo, Barrientos, Antonio
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Springer London 01.08.2022
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1617-4909
1617-4917
DOI10.1007/s00779-020-01379-2

Cover

Abstract Smart cities have emerged as a strategy to solve problems that current cities face, such as traffic, security, resource management, waste, and pollution. Most of the current approaches are based on deploying large numbers of sensors throughout the city and have some limitations to get relevant and updated data. In this paper, as an extension of our previous investigations, we propose a robotic swarm to collect the data of traffic, pedestrians, climate, and pollution. This data is sent to a base station, where it is treated to generate maps and presented in an immersive interface. To validate these developments, we use a virtual city called SwarmCity with models of traffic, pedestrians, climate, and pollution based on real data. The whole system has been tested with several subjects to assess whether the information collected by the drones, processed in the base station, and represented in the virtual reality interface is appropriate. Results show that the complete solution, i.e., fleet control, data fusion, and operator interface, allows monitoring the relevant variables in the simulated city.
AbstractList Smart cities have emerged as a strategy to solve problems that current cities face, such as traffic, security, resource management, waste, and pollution. Most of the current approaches are based on deploying large numbers of sensors throughout the city and have some limitations to get relevant and updated data. In this paper, as an extension of our previous investigations, we propose a robotic swarm to collect the data of traffic, pedestrians, climate, and pollution. This data is sent to a base station, where it is treated to generate maps and presented in an immersive interface. To validate these developments, we use a virtual city called SwarmCity with models of traffic, pedestrians, climate, and pollution based on real data. The whole system has been tested with several subjects to assess whether the information collected by the drones, processed in the base station, and represented in the virtual reality interface is appropriate. Results show that the complete solution, i.e., fleet control, data fusion, and operator interface, allows monitoring the relevant variables in the simulated city.
Author Mazariegos, Pablo
Roldán-Gómez, Juan Jesús
Barrientos, Antonio
Garcia-Aunon, Pablo
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Juan Jesús
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8863-4419
  surname: Roldán-Gómez
  fullname: Roldán-Gómez, Juan Jesús
  email: jj.roldan@upm.es, juan.roldan@uam.es
  organization: Centre for Automation and Robotics (CAR), Universidad Politécnia de Madrid (UPM), Department of Computer Engineering, Autonomous University of Madrid
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Pablo
  surname: Garcia-Aunon
  fullname: Garcia-Aunon, Pablo
  organization: Centre for Automation and Robotics (CAR), Universidad Politécnia de Madrid (UPM)
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Pablo
  surname: Mazariegos
  fullname: Mazariegos, Pablo
  organization: Centre for Automation and Robotics (CAR), Universidad Politécnia de Madrid (UPM)
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Antonio
  surname: Barrientos
  fullname: Barrientos, Antonio
  organization: Centre for Automation and Robotics (CAR), Universidad Politécnia de Madrid (UPM)
BookMark eNp9kMtOAyEUhompiW31BVzxAB3lMh1m3JnGW9LEhd0TrpVmChOgafr2Mta4cOEGTg58cP5vBiY-eAPALUZ3GCF2n8rCugoRVCFMS0UuwBQ3mFV1h9nkt0bdFZiltEMIs6ZupmD7cRRxv3L5BIcYdkblB7gP3uUQnd_CHIW1Ti3gYLRJOTrh0wKq3u1FNgsovIZD6PtDdsHDo8ufpQWFKfd6GIMM2SmYxh-uwaUVfTI3P_scbJ6fNqvXav3-8rZ6XFeKdDhXWgiLtTZMNq1cKro0ssO2MxpL2UpiDaW1bgm1DKvG4qWWrSWWlPO2qbuazgE5P6tiSCkay4dYZo0njhEfTfGzKV5M8W9TnBSo_QMpl8UYqcR3_f8oPaNpGH2ZyHfhEH1J-B_1BdBLgrk
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_fi15120393
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jksuci_2023_101836
crossref_primary_10_3390_smartcities5030050
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jnlest_2024_100277
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2022_3177904
crossref_primary_10_17979_ja_cea_2024_45_10811
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2025_3550966
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.cogsys.2018.10.031
10.1016/S0166-4115(08)62386-9
10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.106
10.14358/PERS.81.4.281
10.1016/j.ijtst.2016.11.002
10.1007/s13676-014-0045-5
10.1145/1026799.1026821
10.1126/science.1167311
10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2934998
10.3390/s150203334
10.1109/ITNEC.2016.7560507
10.1109/PERCOMW.2019.8730677
10.3390/s16071072
10.1016/j.jocs.2018.10.004
10.1016/S0924-0136(00)00717-2
10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2924938
10.1007/978-3-319-91590-6_2
10.7551/mitpress/9780262029728.001.0001
10.3390/s17081720
10.1016/j.cities.2016.10.005
10.1109/ICUAS.2014.6842265
10.1080/00221341.2015.1070366
10.3390/app8050711
10.1080/19427867.2017.1354433
10.1109/ICAC.2015.64
10.1109/MCE.2019.2892279
10.1109/ICE/ITMC39735.2016.9025965
10.1016/j.scs.2018.01.053
10.1109/JIOT.2016.2546307
10.1109/MCOM.2018.1700444
10.1109/MPOT.2018.2850386
10.1002/ett.2931
10.1016/j.rcim.2019.05.004
10.3390/s18114015
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020. corrected publication December 2020
Copyright_xml – notice: Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020. corrected publication December 2020
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
DOI 10.1007/s00779-020-01379-2
DatabaseName CrossRef
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Computer Science
EISSN 1617-4917
EndPage 1167
ExternalDocumentID 10_1007_s00779_020_01379_2
GroupedDBID -59
-5G
-BR
-EM
-Y2
-~C
.4S
.86
.DC
06D
0R~
0VY
123
199
1N0
1SB
203
29O
2J2
2JN
2JY
2KG
2KM
2LR
2P1
2VQ
2~H
30V
3V.
4.4
406
408
409
40D
40E
5VS
67Z
6NX
78A
8AO
8FE
8FG
8FW
8TC
8UJ
8US
95-
95.
95~
96X
AAAVM
AABHQ
AACDK
AAGAY
AAHNG
AAIAL
AAJBT
AAJKR
AALFJ
AANZL
AARHV
AARTL
AASML
AATNV
AATVU
AAUYE
AAWCG
AAWTV
AAYFX
AAYIU
AAYQN
AAYTO
AAYZH
ABAKF
ABBBX
ABBXA
ABDZT
ABECU
ABFTV
ABHLI
ABHQN
ABJNI
ABJOX
ABKCH
ABKTR
ABMNI
ABMQK
ABNWP
ABQBU
ABQSL
ABSXP
ABTEG
ABTHY
ABTKH
ABTMW
ABULA
ABUWG
ABWNU
ABXPI
ACAOD
ACBXY
ACDTI
ACGFS
ACHSB
ACHXU
ACKNC
ACM
ACMDZ
ACMLO
ACOKC
ACOMO
ACPIV
ACSNA
ACZOJ
ADHHG
ADHIR
ADINQ
ADKNI
ADKPE
ADL
ADMLS
ADPZR
ADRFC
ADTPH
ADURQ
ADYFF
ADZKW
AEBTG
AEBYY
AEFQL
AEGAL
AEGNC
AEJHL
AEJRE
AEKMD
AEMSY
AENEX
AENSD
AEOHA
AEPYU
AESKC
AETLH
AEVLU
AEXYK
AFBBN
AFGCZ
AFKRA
AFLOW
AFQWF
AFWIH
AFWTZ
AFWXC
AFZKB
AGAYW
AGDGC
AGGDS
AGJBK
AGMZJ
AGQEE
AGQMX
AGRTI
AGWIL
AGWZB
AGYKE
AHAVH
AHBYD
AHKAY
AHSBF
AHYZX
AIAKS
AIGIU
AIIXL
AIKLT
AILAN
AITGF
AJBLW
AJRNO
AJZVZ
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALWAN
AMKLP
AMXSW
AMYLF
AMYQR
AOCGG
ARAPS
ARCSS
ARMRJ
ASPBG
AVWKF
AXYYD
AYJHY
AZFZN
AZQEC
B-.
BA0
BDATZ
BDXCO
BENPR
BGLVJ
BGNMA
BPHCQ
BSONS
CAG
CCLIF
CCPQU
COF
CS3
CSCUP
DDRTE
DL5
DNIVK
DPUIP
DU5
DWQXO
EBLON
EBS
EDO
EIOEI
EJD
ESBYG
FEDTE
FERAY
FFXSO
FIGPU
FINBP
FNLPD
FRRFC
FSGXE
FWDCC
GGCAI
GGRSB
GJIRD
GNUQQ
GNWQR
GQ6
GQ7
GQ8
GUFHI
GXS
H13
HCIFZ
HF~
HG5
HG6
HGAVV
HLICF
HMJXF
HQYDN
HRMNR
HVGLF
HZ~
I-F
I07
I09
IHE
IJ-
IKXTQ
ITM
IWAJR
IXC
IXE
IZIGR
IZQ
I~X
I~Z
J-C
J0Z
JBSCW
JCJTX
JZLTJ
K6V
K7-
KDC
KOV
LAS
LLZTM
M0N
M4Y
MA-
MQGED
N2Q
NB0
NPVJJ
NQJWS
NU0
O93
O9J
OAM
P2P
P62
P9O
PF0
PQQKQ
PROAC
PT4
PT5
Q2X
QOS
R89
R9I
RIG
RNI
RNS
ROL
RPX
RSV
RZK
S16
S1Z
S27
S3B
SAP
SCO
SDH
SHX
SISQX
SJYHP
SNE
SNPRN
SNX
SOHCF
SOJ
SPISZ
SRMVM
SSLCW
STPWE
SZN
T13
TSG
TSK
TSV
TUC
TUS
U2A
UG4
UOJIU
UTJUX
UZXMN
VC2
VFIZW
W23
W48
W7O
WK8
XJE
YLTOR
YZZ
Z45
Z7R
Z7S
Z7X
Z81
Z83
Z88
ZMTXR
~A9
AAPKM
AAYXX
ABBRH
ABDBE
ABFSG
ABRTQ
ACSTC
ADHKG
AEFXT
AEZWR
AFDZB
AFHIU
AFOHR
AGQPQ
AHPBZ
AHWEU
AIXLP
ATHPR
AYFIA
CITATION
PHGZM
PHGZT
PQGLB
PUEGO
SJN
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-daaf1dde7b68b5c35eb91f9ed1bb8b2fe334d823f71c6f15db8f2f2ed1864943
IEDL.DBID U2A
ISSN 1617-4909
IngestDate Wed Oct 01 03:06:58 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:02:19 EDT 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:45:56 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 4
Keywords Data fusion
Robot swarm
Swarm intelligence
Immersive interface
Smart city
Virtual reality
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c291t-daaf1dde7b68b5c35eb91f9ed1bb8b2fe334d823f71c6f15db8f2f2ed1864943
ORCID 0000-0001-8863-4419
PageCount 17
ParticipantIDs crossref_primary_10_1007_s00779_020_01379_2
crossref_citationtrail_10_1007_s00779_020_01379_2
springer_journals_10_1007_s00779_020_01379_2
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20220800
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-08-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 8
  year: 2022
  text: 20220800
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace London
PublicationPlace_xml – name: London
PublicationTitle Personal and ubiquitous computing
PublicationTitleAbbrev Pers Ubiquit Comput
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher Springer London
Publisher_xml – name: Springer London
References PasnakIJustification possibility of using drones to study the parameters of traffic2017
van Wageningen-KesselsFVan LintHVuikKHoogendoornSGenealogy of traffic flow modelsEURO J Transp Logist20154444547310.1007/s13676-014-0045-5
KyrkouCTimotheouSKoliosPTheocharidesTPanayiotouCDrones: augmenting our quality of lifeIEEE Potentials2019381303610.1109/MPOT.2018.2850386
RoldánJJPeña-TapiaEGarcia-AunonPDel CerroJBarrientosABringing adaptive & immersive interfaces to real-world multi-robot scenarios: application to surveillance and intervention in infrastructuresIEEE Access201972169353610.1109/ACCESS.2019.2924938
Li Z, Chen X, Ling L, Wu H, Zhou W, Qi C (2019) Accurate traffic parameter extraction from aerial videos with multi-dimensional camera movements. Tech Rep
Desa U et al (2014) World urbanization prospects, the 2011 revision. Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat
Kim H, Mokdad L, Ben-Othman J (2018) Designing UAV surveillance frameworks for smart city and extensive ocean with differential perspectives. IEEE Commun Mag:99
RoldánJJCrespoEMartín-BarrioAPeña-TapiaEBarrientosAA training system for industry 4.0 operators in complex assemblies based on virtual reality and process miningRobot Comput Integr Manuf20195930531610.1016/j.rcim.2019.05.004
RoldánJPeña-TapiaEMartín-BarrioAOlivares-MéndezMDel CerroJBarrientosAMulti-robot interfaces and operator situational awareness: study of the impact of immersion and predictionSensors2017178172010.3390/s17081720
McLaren D, Agyeman J (2015) Sharing cities: a case for truly smart and sustainable cities. MIT Press
KorvesBLoftusMDesigning an immersive virtual reality interface for layout planningJ Mater Process Technol20001071–342543010.1016/S0924-0136(00)00717-2
Garcia-AunonPBarrientos CruzAComparison of heuristic algorithms in discrete search and surveillance tasks using aerial swarmsAppl Sci2018852076341710.3390/app8050711
Garcia-AunonPCruzABControl optimization of an aerial robotic swarm in a search task and its adaptation to different scenariosJ Comput Sci20182910711810.1016/j.jocs.2018.10.004
BarmpounakisENVlahogianniEIGoliasJCBabinecAHow accurate are small drones for measuring microscopic traffic parameters?Transp Lett201911633234010.1080/19427867.2017.1354433
HaahtelaPGamification of education: cities skylines as an educational tool for real estate and land use planning studies2015
Hashimoto K, Yamada K, Tabata K, Oda M, Suganuma T, Rahim A, Vlacheas P, Stavroulaki V, Kelaidonis D, Georgakopoulos A (2015) iKaas data modeling: a data model for community services and environment monitoring in smart city. In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing. IEEE, pp 301–306
Srinivasan S, Latchman H, Shea J, Wong T, McNair J (2004) Airborne traffic surveillance systems: video surveillance of highway traffic. In: Proceedings of the ACM 2nd international workshop on Video surveillance & sensor networks. ACM, pp 131–135
SilvaBNKhanMHanKTowards sustainable smart cities: a review of trends, architectures, components, and open challenges in smart citiesSustain Cities Soc20183869771310.1016/j.scs.2018.01.053
AnthopoulosLSmart utopia vs smart reality: learning by experience from 10 smart city casesCities20176312814810.1016/j.cities.2016.10.005
VashistSJainSLocation-aware network of drones for consumer applications: supporting efficient management between multiple dronesIEEE Consumer Electron Mag201983687310.1109/MCE.2019.2892279
AparicioFArenasBGómezAJiménezFLópezJMartínezLPáezFIngeniería del transporte2008MadridCIE Dossat
Garcia-Aunon P, Roldán JJ, Barrientos A (2018) Monitoring traffic in future cities with aerial swarms: developing and optimizing a behavior-based surveillance algorithm. Cognitive Systems Research
JamilMSJamilMAMazharAIkramAAhmedAMunawarUSmart environment monitoring system by employing wireless sensor networks on vehicles for pollution free smart citiesProcedia Eng201510748048410.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.106
RoldánJJJoossenGSanzDDel CerroJBarrientosAMini-UAV based sensory system for measuring environmental variables in greenhousesSensors20151523334335010.3390/s150203334
Alsamhi S, Ma O, Ansari M, Almalki F (2019) Survey on collaborative smart drones and internet of things for improving smartness of smart cities. IEEE Access
BereitschaftBGods of the city? Reflecting on city building games as an early introduction to urban systemsJ Geogr20161152516010.1080/00221341.2015.1070366
PetroloRLoscriVMittonNTowards a smart city based on cloud of things, a survey on the smart city vision and paradigmsTrans Emerg Telecommun Technol2017281e293110.1002/ett.2931
DupontLMorelLPallotMExploring the appropriateness of different immersive environments in the context of an innovation process for smart cities201610.1109/ICE/ITMC39735.2016.9025965
WuDArkhipovDIKimMTalcottCLReganACMcCannJAVenkatasubramanianNAddsen: adaptive data processing and dissemination for drone swarms in urban sensingIEEE Trans Comput201766218319836030941364.68325
Sekula P, Zimnoch M, Bartyzel J, Kud M (2019) Application of airborne measurement system for monitoring vertical profiles of meteorological parameters, black carbon and particulate matter concentration for urban area of kraków. Geophys Res Abstr 21
Mohammed F, Idries A, Mohamed N, Al-Jaroodi J, Jawhar I (2014) UAVs for smart cities: opportunities and challenges. In: 2014 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE, pp 267–273
DedeCImmersive interfaces for engagement and learningscience20093235910666910.1126/science.1167311
LagkasTArgyriouVBibiSSarigiannidisPUAV IoT framework views and challenges: towards protecting drones as “things”Sensors20181811401510.3390/s18114015
Quigley M, Conley K, Gerkey B, Faust J, Foote T, Leibs J, Wheeler R, Ng AY (2009) ROS: an open-source robot operating system. In: ICRA workshop on open source software, vol 3, Kobe, p 5
LvZYinTZhangXSongHChenGVirtual reality smart city based on webVRGISIEEE Internet Things J2016361015102410.1109/JIOT.2016.2546307
HartSGStavelandLEDevelopment of NASA-TLX (task load index): results of empirical and theoretical researchAdv Psychol19885213918310.1016/S0166-4115(08)62386-9Elsevier
Xiaoyuan Y, Jiwei D, Tianjie Y, Qingfu Q (2016) A method for improving detection of gas concentrations using quadrotor. In: 2016 IEEE Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference. IEEE, pp 971–975
UrraOIlarriSSpatial crowdsourcing with mobile agents in vehicular networksVeh Commun2019171034
Krajzewicz D, Erdmann J, Behrisch M, Bieker L (2012) Recent development and applications of SUMO-simulation of urban mobility. Int J Adv Syst Meas 5(3&4)
Roldán JJ, Peña-Tapia E, Garzón-Ramos D, de León J, Garzón M, del Cerro J, Barrientos A (2019) Multi-robot systems, virtual reality and ROS: developing a new generation of operator interfaces. In: Robot Operating System (ROS). Springer, pp 29–64
ChowJYDynamic UAV-based traffic monitoring under uncertainty as a stochastic arc-inventory routing policyInt J Transp Sci Technol20165316718510.1016/j.ijtst.2016.11.002
VillaTFGonzalezFMiljievicBRistovskiZDMorawskaLAn overview of small unmanned aerial vehicles for air quality measurements: Present applications and future prospectivesSensors2016167107210.3390/s16071072
ParavatiGLambertiFSannaARamirezEHDemartiniCAn immersive visualization framework for monitoring, simulating and controlling smart street lighting networksProceedings of the 5th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques20121726
Garcia-AlonsoAGilJBorroDInterfaces for VR applications development in designProceedings of the virtual concept2005109
PajaresGOverview and current status of remote sensing applications based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)Photogramm Eng Remote Sens201581428133010.14358/PERS.81.4.281
Roldán J, Garcia-Aunon P, Peña-Tapia E, Barrientos A (2019) Swarmcity project: can an aerial swarm monitor traffic in a smart city? In: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications. IEEE, p 1720
1379_CR20
1379_CR42
B Korves (1379_CR45) 2000; 107
1379_CR27
1379_CR1
C Kyrkou (1379_CR22) 2019; 38
1379_CR25
B Bereitschaft (1379_CR34) 2016; 115
1379_CR2
P Garcia-Aunon (1379_CR10) 2018; 29
S Vashist (1379_CR16) 2019; 8
D Wu (1379_CR21) 2017; 66
1379_CR7
BN Silva (1379_CR12) 2018; 38
G Pajares (1379_CR26) 2015; 81
Z Lv (1379_CR31) 2016; 3
1379_CR6
F Aparicio (1379_CR37) 2008
1379_CR8
I Pasnak (1379_CR23) 2017
EN Barmpounakis (1379_CR24) 2019; 11
F van Wageningen-Kessels (1379_CR38) 2015; 4
SG Hart (1379_CR46) 1988; 52
G Paravati (1379_CR32) 2012
MS Jamil (1379_CR5) 2015; 107
TF Villa (1379_CR28) 2016; 16
JJ Roldán (1379_CR29) 2015; 15
1379_CR11
L Dupont (1379_CR33) 2016
C Dede (1379_CR44) 2009; 323
O Urra (1379_CR14) 2019; 17
JJ Roldán (1379_CR41) 2019; 7
P Garcia-Aunon (1379_CR9) 2018; 8
T Lagkas (1379_CR17) 2018; 18
A Garcia-Alonso (1379_CR43) 2005
1379_CR15
1379_CR13
1379_CR36
JY Chow (1379_CR19) 2016; 5
JJ Roldán (1379_CR39) 2019; 59
1379_CR30
J Roldán (1379_CR40) 2017; 17
L Anthopoulos (1379_CR3) 2017; 63
P Haahtela (1379_CR35) 2015
1379_CR18
R Petrolo (1379_CR4) 2017; 28
References_xml – reference: Garcia-AunonPBarrientos CruzAComparison of heuristic algorithms in discrete search and surveillance tasks using aerial swarmsAppl Sci2018852076341710.3390/app8050711
– reference: Li Z, Chen X, Ling L, Wu H, Zhou W, Qi C (2019) Accurate traffic parameter extraction from aerial videos with multi-dimensional camera movements. Tech Rep
– reference: Roldán JJ, Peña-Tapia E, Garzón-Ramos D, de León J, Garzón M, del Cerro J, Barrientos A (2019) Multi-robot systems, virtual reality and ROS: developing a new generation of operator interfaces. In: Robot Operating System (ROS). Springer, pp 29–64
– reference: BereitschaftBGods of the city? Reflecting on city building games as an early introduction to urban systemsJ Geogr20161152516010.1080/00221341.2015.1070366
– reference: Hashimoto K, Yamada K, Tabata K, Oda M, Suganuma T, Rahim A, Vlacheas P, Stavroulaki V, Kelaidonis D, Georgakopoulos A (2015) iKaas data modeling: a data model for community services and environment monitoring in smart city. In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing. IEEE, pp 301–306
– reference: Alsamhi S, Ma O, Ansari M, Almalki F (2019) Survey on collaborative smart drones and internet of things for improving smartness of smart cities. IEEE Access
– reference: Kim H, Mokdad L, Ben-Othman J (2018) Designing UAV surveillance frameworks for smart city and extensive ocean with differential perspectives. IEEE Commun Mag:99
– reference: RoldánJJPeña-TapiaEGarcia-AunonPDel CerroJBarrientosABringing adaptive & immersive interfaces to real-world multi-robot scenarios: application to surveillance and intervention in infrastructuresIEEE Access201972169353610.1109/ACCESS.2019.2924938
– reference: ChowJYDynamic UAV-based traffic monitoring under uncertainty as a stochastic arc-inventory routing policyInt J Transp Sci Technol20165316718510.1016/j.ijtst.2016.11.002
– reference: PasnakIJustification possibility of using drones to study the parameters of traffic2017
– reference: Xiaoyuan Y, Jiwei D, Tianjie Y, Qingfu Q (2016) A method for improving detection of gas concentrations using quadrotor. In: 2016 IEEE Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference. IEEE, pp 971–975
– reference: VillaTFGonzalezFMiljievicBRistovskiZDMorawskaLAn overview of small unmanned aerial vehicles for air quality measurements: Present applications and future prospectivesSensors2016167107210.3390/s16071072
– reference: RoldánJJCrespoEMartín-BarrioAPeña-TapiaEBarrientosAA training system for industry 4.0 operators in complex assemblies based on virtual reality and process miningRobot Comput Integr Manuf20195930531610.1016/j.rcim.2019.05.004
– reference: McLaren D, Agyeman J (2015) Sharing cities: a case for truly smart and sustainable cities. MIT Press
– reference: UrraOIlarriSSpatial crowdsourcing with mobile agents in vehicular networksVeh Commun2019171034
– reference: PajaresGOverview and current status of remote sensing applications based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)Photogramm Eng Remote Sens201581428133010.14358/PERS.81.4.281
– reference: DedeCImmersive interfaces for engagement and learningscience20093235910666910.1126/science.1167311
– reference: LagkasTArgyriouVBibiSSarigiannidisPUAV IoT framework views and challenges: towards protecting drones as “things”Sensors20181811401510.3390/s18114015
– reference: Mohammed F, Idries A, Mohamed N, Al-Jaroodi J, Jawhar I (2014) UAVs for smart cities: opportunities and challenges. In: 2014 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE, pp 267–273
– reference: BarmpounakisENVlahogianniEIGoliasJCBabinecAHow accurate are small drones for measuring microscopic traffic parameters?Transp Lett201911633234010.1080/19427867.2017.1354433
– reference: Roldán J, Garcia-Aunon P, Peña-Tapia E, Barrientos A (2019) Swarmcity project: can an aerial swarm monitor traffic in a smart city? In: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications. IEEE, p 1720
– reference: Garcia-AunonPCruzABControl optimization of an aerial robotic swarm in a search task and its adaptation to different scenariosJ Comput Sci20182910711810.1016/j.jocs.2018.10.004
– reference: RoldánJPeña-TapiaEMartín-BarrioAOlivares-MéndezMDel CerroJBarrientosAMulti-robot interfaces and operator situational awareness: study of the impact of immersion and predictionSensors2017178172010.3390/s17081720
– reference: HartSGStavelandLEDevelopment of NASA-TLX (task load index): results of empirical and theoretical researchAdv Psychol19885213918310.1016/S0166-4115(08)62386-9Elsevier
– reference: WuDArkhipovDIKimMTalcottCLReganACMcCannJAVenkatasubramanianNAddsen: adaptive data processing and dissemination for drone swarms in urban sensingIEEE Trans Comput201766218319836030941364.68325
– reference: Srinivasan S, Latchman H, Shea J, Wong T, McNair J (2004) Airborne traffic surveillance systems: video surveillance of highway traffic. In: Proceedings of the ACM 2nd international workshop on Video surveillance & sensor networks. ACM, pp 131–135
– reference: Garcia-AlonsoAGilJBorroDInterfaces for VR applications development in designProceedings of the virtual concept2005109
– reference: VashistSJainSLocation-aware network of drones for consumer applications: supporting efficient management between multiple dronesIEEE Consumer Electron Mag201983687310.1109/MCE.2019.2892279
– reference: SilvaBNKhanMHanKTowards sustainable smart cities: a review of trends, architectures, components, and open challenges in smart citiesSustain Cities Soc20183869771310.1016/j.scs.2018.01.053
– reference: Krajzewicz D, Erdmann J, Behrisch M, Bieker L (2012) Recent development and applications of SUMO-simulation of urban mobility. Int J Adv Syst Meas 5(3&4)
– reference: KorvesBLoftusMDesigning an immersive virtual reality interface for layout planningJ Mater Process Technol20001071–342543010.1016/S0924-0136(00)00717-2
– reference: LvZYinTZhangXSongHChenGVirtual reality smart city based on webVRGISIEEE Internet Things J2016361015102410.1109/JIOT.2016.2546307
– reference: AnthopoulosLSmart utopia vs smart reality: learning by experience from 10 smart city casesCities20176312814810.1016/j.cities.2016.10.005
– reference: Sekula P, Zimnoch M, Bartyzel J, Kud M (2019) Application of airborne measurement system for monitoring vertical profiles of meteorological parameters, black carbon and particulate matter concentration for urban area of kraków. Geophys Res Abstr 21
– reference: RoldánJJJoossenGSanzDDel CerroJBarrientosAMini-UAV based sensory system for measuring environmental variables in greenhousesSensors20151523334335010.3390/s150203334
– reference: van Wageningen-KesselsFVan LintHVuikKHoogendoornSGenealogy of traffic flow modelsEURO J Transp Logist20154444547310.1007/s13676-014-0045-5
– reference: JamilMSJamilMAMazharAIkramAAhmedAMunawarUSmart environment monitoring system by employing wireless sensor networks on vehicles for pollution free smart citiesProcedia Eng201510748048410.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.106
– reference: Garcia-Aunon P, Roldán JJ, Barrientos A (2018) Monitoring traffic in future cities with aerial swarms: developing and optimizing a behavior-based surveillance algorithm. Cognitive Systems Research
– reference: AparicioFArenasBGómezAJiménezFLópezJMartínezLPáezFIngeniería del transporte2008MadridCIE Dossat
– reference: ParavatiGLambertiFSannaARamirezEHDemartiniCAn immersive visualization framework for monitoring, simulating and controlling smart street lighting networksProceedings of the 5th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques20121726
– reference: HaahtelaPGamification of education: cities skylines as an educational tool for real estate and land use planning studies2015
– reference: Desa U et al (2014) World urbanization prospects, the 2011 revision. Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat
– reference: DupontLMorelLPallotMExploring the appropriateness of different immersive environments in the context of an innovation process for smart cities201610.1109/ICE/ITMC39735.2016.9025965
– reference: PetroloRLoscriVMittonNTowards a smart city based on cloud of things, a survey on the smart city vision and paradigmsTrans Emerg Telecommun Technol2017281e293110.1002/ett.2931
– reference: KyrkouCTimotheouSKoliosPTheocharidesTPanayiotouCDrones: augmenting our quality of lifeIEEE Potentials2019381303610.1109/MPOT.2018.2850386
– reference: Quigley M, Conley K, Gerkey B, Faust J, Foote T, Leibs J, Wheeler R, Ng AY (2009) ROS: an open-source robot operating system. In: ICRA workshop on open source software, vol 3, Kobe, p 5
– ident: 1379_CR8
  doi: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2018.10.031
– start-page: 17
  volume-title: Proceedings of the 5th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques
  year: 2012
  ident: 1379_CR32
– volume: 52
  start-page: 139
  year: 1988
  ident: 1379_CR46
  publication-title: Adv Psychol
  doi: 10.1016/S0166-4115(08)62386-9
– volume: 107
  start-page: 480
  year: 2015
  ident: 1379_CR5
  publication-title: Procedia Eng
  doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.106
– volume: 81
  start-page: 281
  issue: 4
  year: 2015
  ident: 1379_CR26
  publication-title: Photogramm Eng Remote Sens
  doi: 10.14358/PERS.81.4.281
– volume: 5
  start-page: 167
  issue: 3
  year: 2016
  ident: 1379_CR19
  publication-title: Int J Transp Sci Technol
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijtst.2016.11.002
– ident: 1379_CR7
– volume: 4
  start-page: 445
  issue: 4
  year: 2015
  ident: 1379_CR38
  publication-title: EURO J Transp Logist
  doi: 10.1007/s13676-014-0045-5
– ident: 1379_CR1
– ident: 1379_CR20
  doi: 10.1145/1026799.1026821
– volume-title: Ingeniería del transporte
  year: 2008
  ident: 1379_CR37
– volume: 323
  start-page: 66
  issue: 5910
  year: 2009
  ident: 1379_CR44
  publication-title: science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1167311
– ident: 1379_CR15
  doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2934998
– volume: 15
  start-page: 3334
  issue: 2
  year: 2015
  ident: 1379_CR29
  publication-title: Sensors
  doi: 10.3390/s150203334
– ident: 1379_CR30
  doi: 10.1109/ITNEC.2016.7560507
– volume-title: Justification possibility of using drones to study the parameters of traffic
  year: 2017
  ident: 1379_CR23
– ident: 1379_CR36
– volume: 66
  start-page: 183
  issue: 2
  year: 2017
  ident: 1379_CR21
  publication-title: IEEE Trans Comput
– ident: 1379_CR11
  doi: 10.1109/PERCOMW.2019.8730677
– volume: 16
  start-page: 1072
  issue: 7
  year: 2016
  ident: 1379_CR28
  publication-title: Sensors
  doi: 10.3390/s16071072
– volume: 29
  start-page: 107
  year: 2018
  ident: 1379_CR10
  publication-title: J Comput Sci
  doi: 10.1016/j.jocs.2018.10.004
– volume: 107
  start-page: 425
  issue: 1–3
  year: 2000
  ident: 1379_CR45
  publication-title: J Mater Process Technol
  doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(00)00717-2
– volume-title: Gamification of education: cities skylines as an educational tool for real estate and land use planning studies
  year: 2015
  ident: 1379_CR35
– volume: 7
  start-page: 2169
  year: 2019
  ident: 1379_CR41
  publication-title: IEEE Access
  doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2924938
– ident: 1379_CR42
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-91590-6_2
– ident: 1379_CR2
  doi: 10.7551/mitpress/9780262029728.001.0001
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1720
  issue: 8
  year: 2017
  ident: 1379_CR40
  publication-title: Sensors
  doi: 10.3390/s17081720
– volume: 63
  start-page: 128
  year: 2017
  ident: 1379_CR3
  publication-title: Cities
  doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2016.10.005
– ident: 1379_CR6
  doi: 10.1109/ICUAS.2014.6842265
– volume: 115
  start-page: 51
  issue: 2
  year: 2016
  ident: 1379_CR34
  publication-title: J Geogr
  doi: 10.1080/00221341.2015.1070366
– volume: 8
  start-page: 2076
  issue: 5
  year: 2018
  ident: 1379_CR9
  publication-title: Appl Sci
  doi: 10.3390/app8050711
– volume: 11
  start-page: 332
  issue: 6
  year: 2019
  ident: 1379_CR24
  publication-title: Transp Lett
  doi: 10.1080/19427867.2017.1354433
– start-page: 109
  volume-title: Proceedings of the virtual concept
  year: 2005
  ident: 1379_CR43
– ident: 1379_CR13
  doi: 10.1109/ICAC.2015.64
– volume: 8
  start-page: 68
  issue: 3
  year: 2019
  ident: 1379_CR16
  publication-title: IEEE Consumer Electron Mag
  doi: 10.1109/MCE.2019.2892279
– volume-title: Exploring the appropriateness of different immersive environments in the context of an innovation process for smart cities
  year: 2016
  ident: 1379_CR33
  doi: 10.1109/ICE/ITMC39735.2016.9025965
– volume: 38
  start-page: 697
  year: 2018
  ident: 1379_CR12
  publication-title: Sustain Cities Soc
  doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2018.01.053
– volume: 17
  start-page: 10
  year: 2019
  ident: 1379_CR14
  publication-title: Veh Commun
– volume: 3
  start-page: 1015
  issue: 6
  year: 2016
  ident: 1379_CR31
  publication-title: IEEE Internet Things J
  doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2016.2546307
– ident: 1379_CR27
– ident: 1379_CR18
  doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2018.1700444
– ident: 1379_CR25
– volume: 38
  start-page: 30
  issue: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: 1379_CR22
  publication-title: IEEE Potentials
  doi: 10.1109/MPOT.2018.2850386
– volume: 28
  start-page: e2931
  issue: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: 1379_CR4
  publication-title: Trans Emerg Telecommun Technol
  doi: 10.1002/ett.2931
– volume: 59
  start-page: 305
  year: 2019
  ident: 1379_CR39
  publication-title: Robot Comput Integr Manuf
  doi: 10.1016/j.rcim.2019.05.004
– volume: 18
  start-page: 4015
  issue: 11
  year: 2018
  ident: 1379_CR17
  publication-title: Sensors
  doi: 10.3390/s18114015
SSID ssj0017646
Score 2.38868
Snippet Smart cities have emerged as a strategy to solve problems that current cities face, such as traffic, security, resource management, waste, and pollution. Most...
SourceID crossref
springer
SourceType Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 1151
SubjectTerms Computer Science
Mobile Computing
Original Article
Personal Computing
User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction
Subtitle Data collection and fusion in a smart city, and its representation using virtual reality
Title SwarmCity project: monitoring traffic, pedestrians, climate, and pollution with an aerial robotic swarm
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00779-020-01379-2
Volume 26
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVEBS
  databaseName: Inspec with Full Text
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1617-4917
  dateEnd: 20241103
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0017646
  issn: 1617-4909
  databaseCode: ADMLS
  dateStart: 20030201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.ebsco.com/products/research-databases/inspec-full-text
  providerName: EBSCOhost
– providerCode: PRVLSH
  databaseName: SpringerLink Journals
  customDbUrl:
  mediaType: online
  eissn: 1617-4917
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0017646
  issn: 1617-4909
  databaseCode: AFBBN
  dateStart: 19970301
  isFulltext: true
  providerName: Library Specific Holdings
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl: http://www.proquest.com/pqcentral?accountid=15518
  eissn: 1617-4917
  dateEnd: 20241103
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0017646
  issn: 1617-4909
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20020101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Technology Collection
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1617-4917
  dateEnd: 20241103
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0017646
  issn: 1617-4909
  databaseCode: 8FG
  dateStart: 20020101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVAVX
  databaseName: SpringerLINK - Czech Republic Consortium
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1617-4917
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0017646
  issn: 1617-4909
  databaseCode: AGYKE
  dateStart: 19970101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://link.springer.com
  providerName: Springer Nature
– providerCode: PRVAVX
  databaseName: SpringerLink Journals (ICM)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1617-4917
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: true
  ssIdentifier: ssj0017646
  issn: 1617-4909
  databaseCode: U2A
  dateStart: 20010220
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://www.springerlink.com/journals/
  providerName: Springer Nature
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1ba8IwFA5DX_ay-5i7SB72NgMmTdNkb050sjEZm4J7KkmajIFWqY79_SWxFYQh7KnQ5gLn5Fya5HwfALdaiEQkRCNDmEI0khQpKzDS2hOKMGd-ga3hZcgGY_o0iSdlUdiyuu1eHUkGT70pdvPIMwL53x0PkyeQc7z12MN5uVU8Jp3N2UHC1jVFLjYjKtqiLJX5e4ztcLR9FhpCTP8IHJS5IeyslXkM9kx-Ag4r3gVYmuEp-Hz_kcWs6_JnWG6k3MNZsE0_LlwV0uNCtODCZCbQcuTLFtTTL5ecmhaUeQYXnuDYqwT6fVj3CsqwEmExV3M3O1z6Gc7AqN8bdQeoJExAmgi8QpmUFjt_lSjGVayj2CiBrTAZVoorYk0U0YyTyCZYM4vjTHFLLHHfOaOCRuegls9zcwEgZ4YkseXGWTzFXHPG2kQyRRJtqOS4AXAltlSXYOKe02KabmCQg6hTJ-o0iDolDXC36bNYQ2nsbN2qtJGWZrXc0fzyf82vwD7xdQzhJt81qK2Kb3PjsouVaoJ65_HjueeeD73h61szLK5fgZzJZQ
linkProvider Springer Nature
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3Na8MgFJfRHbbLvse6Tw-7rUI1xuhupax0W9vLWugtqNExaNOSduzfn9okUBiFXROj8J7vIz7f7wfAoxYiEQnRyBCmEI0kRcoKjLT2hCLMmV9gaxiOWH9C36bxtGwKW1W33auSZPDUdbObR54RyP_ueJg8gZzj3fcAVh4xf0I6de0gYZueIhebERVtUbbK_D3HdjjaroWGENM7AUdlbgg7G2Wegj2Tn4HjincBlmZ4Dj4_fmQx77r8GZYHKc9wHmzTzwvXhfS4EC24NJkJtBz5qgX17Mslp6YFZZ7BpSc49iqB_hzWPYIy7ERYLNTCrQ5XfoULMO69jLt9VBImIE0EXqNMSoudv0oU4yrWUWyUwFaYDCvFFbEmimjGSWQTrJnFcaa4JZa495xRQaNL0MgXubkCkDNDkthy4yyeYq45Y20imSKJNlRy3AS4EluqSzBxz2kxS2sY5CDq1Ik6DaJOSRM81d8sN1AaO0e3Km2kpVmtdgy__t_wB3DQHw8H6eB19H4DDonvaQi3-m5BY118mzuXaazVfdhYv3NXySM
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1bS8MwFA6iIL54F-c1D765sCVN08S3MR3zNgQ32FtJ0kSErRtdxb9vknXDgQx8bU8TOJec0yTn-wC40UIkIiEaGcIUopGkSFmBkdaeUIS58AtsDa891h3Qp2E8_NXFH267L44k5z0NHqUpLxvTzDaWjW8ehUYg_-vjIfMEcovwFvVACc6jB6S1PEdI2Ly_yOVpREVTVG0zf4-xmppWz0VDuunsg92qToStuWEPwIbJD8HegoMBViF5BD7ev2UxbrtaGlabKndwHOLUjwvLQnqMiDqcmswEio58Vod69OkKVVOHMs_g1JMde_NAvyfrHkEZvBIWEzVxs8OZn-EY9DsP_XYXVeQJSBOBS5RJabFbuxLFuIp1FBslsBUmw0pxRayJIppxEtkEa2ZxnCluiSXuPWdU0OgEbOaT3JwCyJkhSWy5cdFPMdecsSaRTJFEGyo5rgG8UFuqK2Bxz28xSpeQyEHVqVN1GlSdkhq4XX4zncNqrJWuL6yRViE2WyN-9j_xa7D9dt9JXx57z-dgh_j2hnDB7wJslsWXuXRFR6mugl_9AEmazV8
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=SwarmCity+project%3A+monitoring+traffic%2C+pedestrians%2C+climate%2C+and+pollution+with+an+aerial+robotic+swarm&rft.jtitle=Personal+and+ubiquitous+computing&rft.au=Rold%C3%A1n-G%C3%B3mez%2C+Juan+Jes%C3%BAs&rft.au=Garcia-Aunon%2C+Pablo&rft.au=Mazariegos%2C+Pablo&rft.au=Barrientos%2C+Antonio&rft.date=2022-08-01&rft.issn=1617-4909&rft.eissn=1617-4917&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1151&rft.epage=1167&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00779-020-01379-2&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1007_s00779_020_01379_2
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1617-4909&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1617-4909&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1617-4909&client=summon