A Planar Wideband Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array With Low Sidelobe Using '±1' Excitations

A new method is proposed to suppress the sidelobe level (SLL) of antenna array. Different from the conventional amplitude-tapered excitation method, '±1' excitations are used to feed the antenna array and achieve low SLL. The SLL is first optimized by using a modified binary particle swarm...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inIEEE transactions on antennas and propagation Vol. 69; no. 10; pp. 6999 - 7004
Main Authors Dai, Xin, Li, Xun, Luk, Kwai-Man
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York IEEE 01.10.2021
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects
Algorithms
Antenna arrays
Antennas
Bandwidth
Dipole antennas
Dipoles
Excitation
Feeds
Low sidelobe
magnetoelectric (ME) dipole
Microstrip
microstrip line
Microstrip transmission lines
Millimeter waves
millimeter-wave (mmW)
Particle swarm optimization
Planar arrays
Power dividers
Sidelobe reduction
Sidelobes
Substrates
wideband
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0018-926X
1558-2221
DOI10.1109/TAP.2021.3076217

Cover

Abstract A new method is proposed to suppress the sidelobe level (SLL) of antenna array. Different from the conventional amplitude-tapered excitation method, '±1' excitations are used to feed the antenna array and achieve low SLL. The SLL is first optimized by using a modified binary particle swarm optimization algorithm with ideal '±1' excitations. Then, the ideal '±1' excitations are replaced with microstrip line feed and aperture-coupled magnetoelectric (ME) dipoles. The '+1' excited ME dipoles are fed from the default direction, while the '−1' excited ME dipoles are fed from the direction physically reversed. According to the optimized array configuration, combining the ME dipole elements with a 256-way parallel power divider, a planar <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">16\times16 </tex-math></inline-formula> millimeter-wave antenna array is designed, fabricated, and measured. An overlapped working bandwidth of 38% (24.1-35.4 GHz) is obtained with an SWR less than 2.4 and SLL lower than −17.2 dB. The gain is up to 26.3 dBi. The new binary concept paves a new way for SLL suppressing.
AbstractList A new method is proposed to suppress the sidelobe level (SLL) of antenna array. Different from the conventional amplitude-tapered excitation method, ‘±1’ excitations are used to feed the antenna array and achieve low SLL. The SLL is first optimized by using a modified binary particle swarm optimization algorithm with ideal ‘±1’ excitations. Then, the ideal ‘±1’ excitations are replaced with microstrip line feed and aperture-coupled magnetoelectric (ME) dipoles. The ‘+1’ excited ME dipoles are fed from the default direction, while the ‘−1’ excited ME dipoles are fed from the direction physically reversed. According to the optimized array configuration, combining the ME dipole elements with a 256-way parallel power divider, a planar [Formula Omitted] millimeter-wave antenna array is designed, fabricated, and measured. An overlapped working bandwidth of 38% (24.1–35.4 GHz) is obtained with an SWR less than 2.4 and SLL lower than −17.2 dB. The gain is up to 26.3 dBi. The new binary concept paves a new way for SLL suppressing.
A new method is proposed to suppress the sidelobe level (SLL) of antenna array. Different from the conventional amplitude-tapered excitation method, '±1' excitations are used to feed the antenna array and achieve low SLL. The SLL is first optimized by using a modified binary particle swarm optimization algorithm with ideal '±1' excitations. Then, the ideal '±1' excitations are replaced with microstrip line feed and aperture-coupled magnetoelectric (ME) dipoles. The '+1' excited ME dipoles are fed from the default direction, while the '−1' excited ME dipoles are fed from the direction physically reversed. According to the optimized array configuration, combining the ME dipole elements with a 256-way parallel power divider, a planar <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">16\times16 </tex-math></inline-formula> millimeter-wave antenna array is designed, fabricated, and measured. An overlapped working bandwidth of 38% (24.1-35.4 GHz) is obtained with an SWR less than 2.4 and SLL lower than −17.2 dB. The gain is up to 26.3 dBi. The new binary concept paves a new way for SLL suppressing.
Author Dai, Xin
Luk, Kwai-Man
Li, Xun
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Xin
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2443-6074
  surname: Dai
  fullname: Dai, Xin
  email: daniel_0807@163.com
  organization: Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Xun
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5496-9058
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Xun
  email: xunli0209@gmail.com
  organization: Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Kwai-Man
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5910-9604
  surname: Luk
  fullname: Luk, Kwai-Man
  email: eekmluk@cityu.edu.hk
  organization: Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
BookMark eNp9kMtKAzEUQINUsK3uBTcBF11NzWseWQ6lPqCiYEt1FTKZRFOmmZpM1X6Wv-CXOaXVhQtX4cI594bTAx1XOw3AKUZDjBG_mOb3Q4IIHlKUJgSnB6CL4ziLCCG4A7oI4SziJHk8Ar0QFu3IMsa64CmH95V00sO5LXUhXQlvbVXZpW60j-byTcPcNdo5CXPv5abFmhc4qd_hQ8tXdaHhLFj3DAdfn3gAxx_KNrKxtQvH4NDIKuiT_dsHs8vxdHQdTe6ubkb5JFKE4yYqkFEFooyWSWyU4SrOsOGaKk5TYgxhXCkmY8wVTmhmCp4gmRaKKKxSU9KS9sH5bu_K169rHRqxqNfetScFiVPOWFuHtVSyo5SvQ_DaiJ-PNl7aSmAkthlFm1FsM4p9xlZEf8SVt0vpN_8pZzvFaq1_cc4ITTCl34nafyM
CODEN IETPAK
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1109_TAP_2023_3322553
crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2022_3178843
crossref_primary_10_1017_S1759078723001009
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAP_2023_3301948
crossref_primary_10_1109_MCOM_006_2200124
Cites_doi 10.1109/TAP.2012.2196916
10.1109/TAP.2014.2382664
10.1109/TAP.2018.2874796
10.1109/TAP.2019.2948492
10.1109/9780470544174
10.1109/TAP.2018.2845945
10.1002/9780470742969
10.1109/TAP.2015.2425418
10.1109/TAP.2018.2841414
10.1109/ICSMC.1997.637339
10.1109/TAP.2014.2313140
10.1109/TAP.2019.2899008
10.1109/TAP.2019.2943330
10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2974066
10.1109/LAWP.2020.3013670
10.1109/TMTT.2016.2574313
10.1109/TAP.2019.2943432
10.1109/APUSNCURSINRSM.2018.8608531
10.1109/TAP.2010.2046861
10.1109/TAP.2017.2782263
10.1109/MWC.2014.7000981
10.1109/TAP.2015.2513075
10.1109/TAP.2019.2938630
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2021
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2021
DBID 97E
RIA
RIE
AAYXX
CITATION
7SP
8FD
L7M
DOI 10.1109/TAP.2021.3076217
DatabaseName IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present
IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
CrossRef
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Technology Research Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
DatabaseTitleList Technology Research Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: RIE
  name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 1558-2221
EndPage 7004
ExternalDocumentID 10_1109_TAP_2021_3076217
9423613
Genre orig-research
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong, SAR, China
  grantid: 9042674; 9042835
  funderid: 10.13039/501100002920
– fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China
  grantid: 61971370
  funderid: 10.13039/501100001809
GroupedDBID -~X
0R~
29I
4.4
5GY
5VS
6IK
85S
97E
AAJGR
AARMG
AASAJ
AAWTH
ABAZT
ABFSI
ABQJQ
ABVLG
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACIWK
ACKIV
ACNCT
AENEX
AETIX
AGQYO
AGSQL
AHBIQ
AI.
AIBXA
AKJIK
AKQYR
ALLEH
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ASUFR
ATWAV
BEFXN
BFFAM
BGNUA
BKEBE
BPEOZ
CS3
E.L
EBS
EJD
F5P
HZ~
H~9
IAAWW
IBMZZ
ICLAB
IDIHD
IFIPE
IFJZH
IPLJI
JAVBF
LAI
M43
O9-
OCL
P2P
RIA
RIE
RNS
RXW
TAE
TAF
TN5
VH1
VJK
VOH
AAYXX
CITATION
7SP
8FD
L7M
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-b0fcb0343d65fcf9c581f9e3c9372ff249cc4a519c1638fb960a7bc2c1c7fd3d3
IEDL.DBID RIE
ISSN 0018-926X
IngestDate Mon Jun 30 10:13:05 EDT 2025
Wed Oct 01 04:02:11 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:55:36 EDT 2025
Wed Aug 27 02:26:55 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 10
Language English
License https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c291t-b0fcb0343d65fcf9c581f9e3c9372ff249cc4a519c1638fb960a7bc2c1c7fd3d3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0000-0002-5910-9604
0000-0002-5496-9058
0000-0002-2443-6074
PQID 2579441094
PQPubID 85476
PageCount 6
ParticipantIDs ieee_primary_9423613
proquest_journals_2579441094
crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_TAP_2021_3076217
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAP_2021_3076217
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2021-10-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-10-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 10
  year: 2021
  text: 2021-10-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace New York
PublicationPlace_xml – name: New York
PublicationTitle IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation
PublicationTitleAbbrev TAP
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher IEEE
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher_xml – name: IEEE
– name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
References ref13
ref12
ref15
ref14
Eberhart (ref18)
ref11
ref10
ref2
ref1
ref17
ref16
ref19
ref24
ref23
ref25
Luk (ref20) 2006; 1
ref22
ref21
ref8
ref7
ref9
ref4
ref3
ref6
ref5
References_xml – ident: ref22
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.2012.2196916
– ident: ref10
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.2014.2382664
– start-page: PL5
  volume-title: Proc. Int. Conf. Neural Netw. Brain
  ident: ref18
  article-title: Evolving artificial neural networks
– ident: ref14
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.2018.2874796
– ident: ref9
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2948492
– ident: ref17
  doi: 10.1109/9780470544174
– ident: ref24
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.2018.2845945
– ident: ref25
  doi: 10.1002/9780470742969
– ident: ref21
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.2015.2425418
– ident: ref2
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.2018.2841414
– ident: ref19
  doi: 10.1109/ICSMC.1997.637339
– volume: 1
  start-page: 35
  issue: 1
  year: 2006
  ident: ref20
  article-title: A new wideband unidirectional antenna element
  publication-title: Int. J. Microw. Opt. Technol.
– ident: ref6
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.2014.2313140
– ident: ref8
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2899008
– ident: ref13
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2943330
– ident: ref5
  doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2974066
– ident: ref23
  doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2020.3013670
– ident: ref15
  doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2016.2574313
– ident: ref3
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2943432
– ident: ref16
  doi: 10.1109/APUSNCURSINRSM.2018.8608531
– ident: ref11
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.2010.2046861
– ident: ref7
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.2017.2782263
– ident: ref1
  doi: 10.1109/MWC.2014.7000981
– ident: ref12
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.2015.2513075
– ident: ref4
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2938630
SSID ssj0014844
Score 2.43307
Snippet A new method is proposed to suppress the sidelobe level (SLL) of antenna array. Different from the conventional amplitude-tapered excitation method, '±1'...
A new method is proposed to suppress the sidelobe level (SLL) of antenna array. Different from the conventional amplitude-tapered excitation method, ‘±1’...
SourceID proquest
crossref
ieee
SourceType Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 6999
SubjectTerms Algorithms
Antenna arrays
Antennas
Bandwidth
Dipole antennas
Dipoles
Excitation
Feeds
Low sidelobe
magnetoelectric (ME) dipole
Microstrip
microstrip line
Microstrip transmission lines
Millimeter waves
millimeter-wave (mmW)
Particle swarm optimization
Planar arrays
Power dividers
Sidelobe reduction
Sidelobes
Substrates
wideband
Title A Planar Wideband Millimeter-Wave Antenna Array With Low Sidelobe Using '±1' Excitations
URI https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9423613
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2579441094
Volume 69
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVIEE
  databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1558-2221
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0014844
  issn: 0018-926X
  databaseCode: RIE
  dateStart: 19630101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  providerName: IEEE
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3NTtwwEB4Bp3LgpxSxQCsfKqFKza4de5P4uKpAqGqrSgWxPUX22BaINouWLH9vxSvwZLWdZIsKqrjlMLasmbE9k_n8DcB7R_PchSTH6JwnwhQ2kYUxiR0WXGmaaaoj2uJbdngsPo-H4wX4OH8LY62N4DPbD5-xlm8mOAu_ygZSBKoQvgiLeZE1b7XmFQNRiIZxmfkNnGbjriRJ5eBo9N0nginre3_O0tia7O8VFHuqPDmI4-1ysApfu3U1oJLz_qzWfbz7h7LxpQtfg5U2zCSjxi_WYcFWr2H5EfngBvwckdCxSE3JyZmxWlWGhIeBZ78DQCY5UVeWjAK-vVJ-mqm69WL1KfkyuSY_AjXWRFsS8QZk7-Ge7ZH9G2zpvi_fwPHB_tGnw6RttJBgKlmdaOpQUy64yYYOncRhwZy0HH3skjrnMzREoXyshyF6c9pnPSrXmCLD3Blu-CYsVZPKbgGhTnHUCl1aMKFTKyUKJq0XZVhIR3sw6HRfdssKzTB-lTEbobL01iqDtcrWWj34MB9x0TBw_Ed2Iyh_LtfqvQe7nXnLdotelv6skj4W9Ont9vOjduBVmLtB7u3CUj2d2bc-Aqn1u-h6fwCJ-9ds
linkProvider IEEE
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Lb9QwEB6VcoAeeBXUhQI-IFVIZNeOnYePK9RqgW2FxFZdTpE9tkXVkkXbbAv8K_4CvwzbSRYECHHLYZxYM37MZL75BuCZo0XhQpBjdMETYUqbyNKYxGYlV5rmmuqItjjKJ8fi9Tybb8CLdS2MtTaCz-wwPMZcvlngKvwqG0kRqEL4NbieCSGytlprnTMQpWg5l5nfwmk-75OSVI5m47c-FEzZ0K_oPI3NyX5eQrGryh9HcbxfDm7DYT-zFlZyNlw1eohffyNt_N-p34FbnaNJxu3KuAsbtr4HW7_QD27D-zEJPYvUkpycGqtVbUgoDTz9GCAyyYm6tGQcEO618q9Zqi9erPlAposr8i6QYy20JRFxQPa-f2N7ZP8zdoTfF_fh-GB_9nKSdK0WEkwlaxJNHWrKBTd55tBJzErmpOXovZfUOR-jIQrlvT0M_pvTPu5RhcYUGRbOcMMfwGa9qO0OEOoUR63QpSUTOrVSomDSelGGpXR0AKNe91U_rdAO47yK8QiVlbdWFaxVddYawPP1iE8tB8c_ZLeD8tdynd4HsNubt-o26UXlTyvpvUEf4D78-6incGMyO5xW01dHbx7BzfCdFse3C5vNcmUfe3-k0U_iMvwB-5DauQ
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+Planar+Wideband+Millimeter-Wave+Antenna+Array+With+Low+Sidelobe+Using+%E2%80%98%C2%B11%E2%80%99+Excitations&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+antennas+and+propagation&rft.au=Dai%2C+Xin&rft.au=Li%2C+Xun&rft.au=Kwai-Man+Luk&rft.date=2021-10-01&rft.pub=The+Institute+of+Electrical+and+Electronics+Engineers%2C+Inc.+%28IEEE%29&rft.issn=0018-926X&rft.eissn=1558-2221&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=6999&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTAP.2021.3076217&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0018-926X&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0018-926X&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0018-926X&client=summon