Joint Hybrid and Passive Beamforming for Millimeter Wave Symbiotic Radio Systems
Symbiotic radio (SR), which enables a backscatter device (BD) to transmit information to a primary receiver (PR) by modulating primary signals, has emerged as an energy-, spectrum-, and cost-efficient communication technology for Internet-of-Things. This letter studies a millimeter wave (mmWave) SR...
Saved in:
Published in | IEEE wireless communications letters Vol. 10; no. 10; pp. 2294 - 2298 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Piscataway
IEEE
01.10.2021
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 2162-2337 2162-2345 |
DOI | 10.1109/LWC.2021.3099947 |
Cover
Abstract | Symbiotic radio (SR), which enables a backscatter device (BD) to transmit information to a primary receiver (PR) by modulating primary signals, has emerged as an energy-, spectrum-, and cost-efficient communication technology for Internet-of-Things. This letter studies a millimeter wave (mmWave) SR system in which a primary transmitter (PT) sends information to a PR via mmWave communication. We maximize the achievable rate of the backscatter link subject to the rate constraint of the direct link, by jointly optimizing the PT's hybrid beamforming (HBF) and the BD's passive beamforming (PBF). An iterative algorithm based on alternating optimization is proposed to solve the formulated non-convex problem. Numerical results show that the optimal joint-beamforming design enhances the backscatter-link rate significantly compared to the benchmark with only HBF. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Symbiotic radio (SR), which enables a backscatter device (BD) to transmit information to a primary receiver (PR) by modulating primary signals, has emerged as an energy-, spectrum-, and cost-efficient communication technology for Internet-of-Things. This letter studies a millimeter wave (mmWave) SR system in which a primary transmitter (PT) sends information to a PR via mmWave communication. We maximize the achievable rate of the backscatter link subject to the rate constraint of the direct link, by jointly optimizing the PT’s hybrid beamforming (HBF) and the BD’s passive beamforming (PBF). An iterative algorithm based on alternating optimization is proposed to solve the formulated non-convex problem. Numerical results show that the optimal joint-beamforming design enhances the backscatter-link rate significantly compared to the benchmark with only HBF. |
Author | Liang, Ying-Chang Wei, Tao Yang, Gang |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Gang orcidid: 0000-0002-3959-4761 surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Gang email: yanggang@uestc.edu.cn organization: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, and the Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Tao orcidid: 0000-0002-5106-750X surname: Wei fullname: Wei, Tao email: 201821220448@std.uestc.edu.cn organization: National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, and the Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Ying-Chang orcidid: 0000-0003-2671-5090 surname: Liang fullname: Liang, Ying-Chang email: liangyc@ieee.org organization: Center for Intelligent Networking and Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China |
BookMark | eNp9kM1LAzEQxYNUsNbeBS8LnlvztdnNUYtapWLRQo9LmsxKyu6mJqnQ_96Ulh48OJc3w8xvHrxL1OtcBwhdEzwmBMu72XIyppiSMcNSSl6coT4lgo4o43nv1LPiAg1DWONUAhNKyj6avzrbxWy6W3lrMtWZbK5CsD-QPYBqa-db231lSbM32zS2hQg-W6q0_9y1K-ui1dmHMtalOURowxU6r1UTYHjUAVo8PS4m09Hs_fllcj8baSpJHAkNhTG1EaUppALOgIma1aUhDJQueClyjnPCCmoU1aaUsmAKK45BM6U0G6Dbw9uNd99bCLFau63vkmNF80JyJoXg6QofrrR3IXioq423rfK7iuBqn1yVkqv2yVXH5BIi_iDaRhWt66JXtvkPvDmAFgBOPpLLXDLJfgGAfnzf |
CODEN | IWCLAF |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1109_JIOT_2023_3270121 crossref_primary_10_1109_LWC_2024_3435382 crossref_primary_10_1360_SSI_2022_0153 crossref_primary_10_3390_s23052511 crossref_primary_10_1109_TCOMM_2023_3284009 crossref_primary_10_1109_LWC_2022_3177162 crossref_primary_10_1109_LWC_2024_3443460 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comnet_2024_110235 crossref_primary_10_1109_LWC_2023_3235104 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVT_2024_3416535 crossref_primary_10_1109_LWC_2023_3339676 |
Cites_doi | 10.1109/JIOT.2019.2954678 10.1109/MWSYM.2017.8058702 10.1109/JSAC.2020.3000814 10.1109/TCOMM.2019.2912381 10.1109/JSAC.2020.3000823 10.1109/TWC.2014.011714.130846 10.1145/2486001.2486015 10.1109/TCCN.2020.3023139 10.1109/JIOT.2018.2799848 10.1109/TWC.2021.3070064 10.1109/JSAC.2017.2719924 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2021 |
Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2021 |
DBID | 97E RIA RIE AAYXX CITATION 7SP 8FD L7M |
DOI | 10.1109/LWC.2021.3099947 |
DatabaseName | IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) CrossRef Electronics & Communications Abstracts Technology Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace |
DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Technology Research Database Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Electronics & Communications Abstracts |
DatabaseTitleList | Technology Research Database |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: RIE name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ sourceTypes: Publisher |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Engineering |
EISSN | 2162-2345 |
EndPage | 2298 |
ExternalDocumentID | 10_1109_LWC_2021_3099947 9495939 |
Genre | orig-research |
GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities grantid: B20064 – fundername: National Natural Science Foundation of China grantid: 62071093; U1801261 funderid: 10.13039/501100001809 – fundername: National Key Research and Development Program of China grantid: 2018YFB1801105 funderid: 10.13039/501100012166 – fundername: Macau Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT), Macau, SAR grantid: 0009/2020/A1 |
GroupedDBID | 0R~ 4.4 5VS 6IK 97E AAJGR AARMG AASAJ AAWTH ABAZT ABQJQ ABVLG AGQYO AGSQL AHBIQ AKJIK AKQYR ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ATWAV BEFXN BFFAM BGNUA BKEBE BPEOZ EBS EJD IES IFIPE IPLJI JAVBF M43 OCL RIA RIE RNS AAYXX CITATION 7SP 8FD L7M |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-6ce7ddfd68d79ae43e36f3f8d13eac748654051372da2cd89973a0a40ec3aac3 |
IEDL.DBID | RIE |
ISSN | 2162-2337 |
IngestDate | Mon Jun 30 06:23:08 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:05:42 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 01 02:44:33 EDT 2025 Wed Aug 27 02:26:59 EDT 2025 |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 10 |
Language | English |
License | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c291t-6ce7ddfd68d79ae43e36f3f8d13eac748654051372da2cd89973a0a40ec3aac3 |
Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
ORCID | 0000-0002-3959-4761 0000-0003-2671-5090 0000-0002-5106-750X |
PQID | 2579439664 |
PQPubID | 2040496 |
PageCount | 5 |
ParticipantIDs | crossref_primary_10_1109_LWC_2021_3099947 ieee_primary_9495939 proquest_journals_2579439664 crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_LWC_2021_3099947 |
ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2021-10-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2021-10-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 10 year: 2021 text: 2021-10-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationPlace | Piscataway |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Piscataway |
PublicationTitle | IEEE wireless communications letters |
PublicationTitleAbbrev | LWC |
PublicationYear | 2021 |
Publisher | IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
Publisher_xml | – name: IEEE – name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
References | ref8 ref12 ref7 ref4 ref3 ref6 ref11 ref10 ref5 ref2 ref1 hao (ref9) 2018 |
References_xml | – ident: ref3 doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2019.2954678 – ident: ref6 doi: 10.1109/MWSYM.2017.8058702 – ident: ref12 doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2020.3000814 – start-page: 1 year: 2018 ident: ref9 article-title: A $43.2~\mu\text{W}$ 2.4 GHz 64-QAM pseudo-backscatter modulator based on integrated directional coupler publication-title: Proc IEEE Int Symp Circuits Syst (ISCAS) – ident: ref8 doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2019.2912381 – ident: ref7 doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2020.3000823 – ident: ref10 doi: 10.1109/TWC.2014.011714.130846 – ident: ref1 doi: 10.1145/2486001.2486015 – ident: ref2 doi: 10.1109/TCCN.2020.3023139 – ident: ref4 doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2018.2799848 – ident: ref11 doi: 10.1109/TWC.2021.3070064 – ident: ref5 doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2017.2719924 |
SSID | ssj0000601218 |
Score | 2.3086953 |
Snippet | Symbiotic radio (SR), which enables a backscatter device (BD) to transmit information to a primary receiver (PR) by modulating primary signals, has emerged as... |
SourceID | proquest crossref ieee |
SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
StartPage | 2294 |
SubjectTerms | Antennas Array signal processing Backscatter Backscattering Beamforming hybrid beamforming Internet of Things Iterative algorithms Iterative methods millimeter wave Millimeter wave communication Millimeter waves Optimization Optimized production technology passive beamforming Radio frequency rate maximization Symbiotic radio |
Title | Joint Hybrid and Passive Beamforming for Millimeter Wave Symbiotic Radio Systems |
URI | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9495939 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2579439664 |
Volume | 10 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVIEE databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) customDbUrl: eissn: 2162-2345 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000601218 issn: 2162-2337 databaseCode: RIE dateStart: 20120101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ providerName: IEEE |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3dS8MwED_UJ33wa4rzizz4Itht7aVJ86jiGOJk6GS-lSwfMHStaPegf71J2w1REZ9aaBLCXXr55XL3O4ATZuNYWvSpW0wF1LhlLFHRILTIuOY2iUs_ZP-W9R7o9WP8uARni1wYY0wZfGZa_rW8y9e5mnlXWVtQT6MrlmGZc1Hlai38KZ5XJCrdeVHIoiBC5PNbyY5o34wu3VkwClvoEZGvpfJlFyrLqvywxeUG092A_nxqVVzJU2tWjFvq4xtr43_nvgnrNdIk59XS2IIlk23D2hf-wQYMrvNJVpDeu0_bIjLTZOCwtLN_5MLIqYezrhlxT-JTBidTHzpDRtJ9v3-fjie5G5ncST3JSU18vgPD7tXwshfUJRYCFYmwCJgyXGurWaK5kIaiQWbRJjpEZ5E5TZhHdCHySMtIaXc44yg7knaMQikV7sJKlmdmD4hWkutYiTFaRkPLhdsEUIc0plRLZLoJ7bnEU1XTj_sqGM9peQzpiNTpKPU6SmsdNeF00eOlot74o23Di3zRrpZ2Ew7nSk3rf_MtdUZKOBjGGN3_vdcBrPqxq5C9Q1gpXmfmyEGPYnxcrrlP0dzU7w |
linkProvider | IEEE |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3dT9swED8Be4A9bONLK2PMD7wgkbbJOXb9uKGhDlqEoAjeItcfUgVNEKQP7K_fOUkrBGjiKZFiJ5bPOf_ufPc7gH3h01R7DKlbwkTc0TLWaHgUexTSSt9LKz_k8Ez0r_jJTXqzBIeLXBjnXBV85trhtjrLt4WZBVdZR_FAo6uW4UNKVoWss7UWHpXALJJUDr0kFkmUIMr5uWRXdQbXR2QNJnEbAyYK1VSe7UNVYZVX2rjaYo4_w3A-uDqy5LY9K8dt8_cFb-N7R_8FPjVYk_2sF8c6LLl8Az4-YyDchPOTYpKXrP8UEreYzi07JzRNGpD9cnoaAC01Y3RlIWlwMg3BM-xa0_PLp-l4UtCb2YW2k4I11OdbMDr-PTrqR02RhcgkKi4jYZy01lvRs1Jpx9Gh8Oh7NkbSyZL3RMB0McrE6sRYMs8k6q7mXWdQa4PbsJIXufsKzBotbWrUGL3gsZeKtgG0MSdZWY3CtqAzn_HMNATkoQ7GXVYZIl2VkYyyIKOskVELDhY97mvyjf-03QxTvmjXzHYLdudCzZq_8zEjNaUIiAnBd97u9QNW-6PhIBv8OTv9BmvhO3UA3y6slA8z952ASDneq9bfPyw22EA |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Joint+Hybrid+and+Passive+Beamforming+for+Millimeter+Wave+Symbiotic+Radio+Systems&rft.jtitle=IEEE+wireless+communications+letters&rft.au=Yang%2C+Gang&rft.au=Wei%2C+Tao&rft.au=Liang%2C+Ying-Chang&rft.date=2021-10-01&rft.issn=2162-2337&rft.eissn=2162-2345&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2294&rft.epage=2298&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FLWC.2021.3099947&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1109_LWC_2021_3099947 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2162-2337&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2162-2337&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2162-2337&client=summon |