Research on the Influence of the Load Direction and the Cross-Section Shape on the Young's Modulus of Elements Produced by the Fused Deposition Modeling Method
The mechanical properties and behavior of fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufactured (AM) polymeric products are influenced by a variety of parameters. The subject of this research was to determine how parameters such as compressive load direction and the shape of the 3D-printed specimens...
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| Published in | Journal of materials engineering and performance Vol. 31; no. 10; pp. 7906 - 7912 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
New York
Springer US
01.10.2022
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1059-9495 1544-1024 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s11665-022-06848-8 |
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| Abstract | The mechanical properties and behavior of fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufactured (AM) polymeric products are influenced by a variety of parameters. The subject of this research was to determine how parameters such as compressive load direction and the shape of the 3D-printed specimens affect elastic modulus measurements for four different polylactic acid (PLA) filaments. The methods of measurement of compressive Young’s modulus of FDM 3D prints are not yet clearly standardized, although their values are important in creating accurate numerical models of the strength AM products. In this paper, the authors prepared four sets of specimens. Each set consisted of five sample triplets—one with circular, one with triangular and three with square cross sections to perform tri-directional quasistatic compression trials. Based on the results, it was concluded that the shape of the specimens did not affect elastic modulus values for sets made of the same material. However way the direction of the load applied caused test results to vary differently for different types of PLA material. |
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| AbstractList | The mechanical properties and behavior of fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufactured (AM) polymeric products are influenced by a variety of parameters. The subject of this research was to determine how parameters such as compressive load direction and the shape of the 3D-printed specimens affect elastic modulus measurements for four different polylactic acid (PLA) filaments. The methods of measurement of compressive Young’s modulus of FDM 3D prints are not yet clearly standardized, although their values are important in creating accurate numerical models of the strength AM products. In this paper, the authors prepared four sets of specimens. Each set consisted of five sample triplets—one with circular, one with triangular and three with square cross sections to perform tri-directional quasistatic compression trials. Based on the results, it was concluded that the shape of the specimens did not affect elastic modulus values for sets made of the same material. However way the direction of the load applied caused test results to vary differently for different types of PLA material. |
| Author | Kowalski, Łukasz Pawlik, Jan Bajda, Szymon Bembenek, Michał |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Michał orcidid: 0000-0002-7665-8058 surname: Bembenek fullname: Bembenek, Michał email: bembenek@agh.edu.pl organization: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology – sequence: 2 givenname: Łukasz surname: Kowalski fullname: Kowalski, Łukasz organization: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology – sequence: 3 givenname: Jan surname: Pawlik fullname: Pawlik, Jan organization: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology – sequence: 4 givenname: Szymon surname: Bajda fullname: Bajda, Szymon organization: Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.promfg.2019.06.001 10.1002/app.48449 10.1007/s11668-016-0067-4 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00074 10.3390/app7060579 10.1108/13552540210441166 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.01.207 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.01.025 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.019 10.1016/j.promfg.2019.06.089 10.1016/B978-0-12-818311-3.00017-3 10.1007/s10704-017-0257-4 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.080 10.1088/1742-6596/2133/1/012026 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.02.038 10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108089 10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108077 10.1515/cls-2016-0016 10.1089/3dp.2016.0054 10.1016/j.addma.2018.10.022 10.1016/j.procir.2019.03.008 10.3390/technologies5020020 10.1002/pen.20886 10.1016/j.procir.2015.07.024 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107341 10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.01.019 |
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| Keywords | compressive strength Young modulus elastic modulus 3D printing FDM |
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Accessed 13 Jan 2022 AlaimoGMarconiSCostatoLAuricchioFInfluence of Meso-Structure and Chemical Composition on FDM 3D-Printed PartsCompos. Part B Eng.20171133713801:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXislGhtLY%3D10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.01.019 AbbotDWKallonDVVAnghelCDubePFinite Element Analysis of 3D Printed Model via Compression TestsProcedia Manuf.20193516417310.1016/j.promfg.2019.06.001 XuJXuFGaoGThe Effect of 3D Printing Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of PLA PartsJ. Phys. Conf. Ser.2021213301202610.1088/1742-6596/2133/1/012026 Grand View Research Inc. 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Prevent.20161615416410.1007/s11668-016-0067-4 LayMThajudinNLNHamidZAAComparison of Physical and Mechanical Properties of PLA, ABS and Nylon 6 Fabricated Using Fused Deposition Modeling and Injection MoldingCompos. Part B Eng.20191761073411:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXit1Cmt7vL10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107341 GriffithsCAHowarthJRowbothamGDAReesAEffect of Build Parameters on Processing Efficiency and Material Performance in Fused Deposition ModellingProcedia CIRP201649283210.1016/j.procir.2015.07.024 International Organization for Standardization (2012) ISO 527, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties ASTM International (2015) ASTM-D695, Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics BrischettoSFerroCMaggiorePTorreRCompression Tests of ABS Specimens for UAV Components Produced via the FDM TechniqueTechnologies201752010.3390/technologies5020020 PLA Starter - ROSA3D. https://rosa3d.pl/portfolio-items/plastarter-2/?fbclid=IwAR2-C3gmibE6jiX-r4ZAD1f9kKR8Lx5BCuVxuKaqTOslxWnXv77wtRoAJT4. Accessed 13 Jan 2022 SzykiedansKCredoWMechanical Properties of FDM and SLA Low-Cost 3-D PrintsProcedia Eng.20161362572621:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XisFOitLY%3D10.1016/j.proeng.2016.01.207 HeQWangHFuKYeL3D Printed Continuous CF/PA6 Composites: Effect of Microscopic Voids on Mechanical PerformanceCompos. Sci. Technol.20201911080771:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXmvFSntr8%3D10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108077 TDS Impact PLA. https://2b3d.pl/public/assets//TDS IMPACT PLA PL.pdf. Accessed 13 Jan 2022 ZouaouiMLabergereCGardanJNumerical Prediction of 3d Printed Specimens Based on a Strengthening Method of Fracture ToughnessProcedia CIRP201981404410.1016/j.procir.2019.03.008 FanegasNGómezMAJiménezIOptimizing the Balance Between Impact Strength and Stiffness in Polypropylene/Elastomer Blends by Incorporation of a Nucleating AgentPolym. Eng. Sci.20084880871:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjtFahsw%3D%3D10.1002/pen.20886 AndersonIMechanical Properties of Specimens 3D Printed with Virgin and Recycled Polylactic Acid3D Print. Addit. Manuf.2017411011510.1089/3dp.2016.0054 TymrakBMKreigerMPearceJMMechanical Properties of Components Fabricated with Open-Source 3-D Printers Under Realistic Environmental ConditionsMater. Des.2014582422461:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXltlelsbg%3D10.1016/j.matdes.2014.02.038 BrischettoSCianoAFerroCGA Multipurpose Modular Drone with Adjustable Arms Produced via the FDM Additive Manufacturing ProcessCurved Layered Struct.2016320221310.1515/cls-2016-0016 ZaldivarRJMclouthTDFerrelliGLEffect of Initial Filament Moisture Content on the Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of ULTEM ® 9085 3D Printed PartsAddit. Manuf.2018244574661:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXisVaksL3J10.1016/j.addma.2018.10.022 CuiffoMASnyderJElliottAMImpact of the Fused Deposition (FDM) Printing Process on Polylactic Acid (PLA) Chemistry and StructureAppl. Sci. (Switzerland)201771141:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXitFymu77M10.3390/app7060579 GardanJMakkeARechoNImproving the Fracture Toughness of 3D Printed Thermoplastic Polymers by Fused Deposition ModelingInt. J. Fracture201821011510.1007/s10704-017-0257-4 PrzybytekAKucińska-LipkaJJanikHThermoplastic Elastomer Filaments and Their Application in 3D PrintingElastomery2016203239 ZhaoYChenYZhouYNovel Mechanical Models of Tensile Strength and Elastic Property of FDM AM PLA Materials: Experimental and Theoretical AnalysesMater. Des.20191811080891:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhsFCmtrbI10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108089 C.W. Hull (1984) Apparatus for Production of Three-Dmensonal Objects By Stereo Thography. Patent 16 Ahn SH, Montero M, Odell D, et al (2002) Anisotropic material properties of fused deposition modeling ABS M Zouaoui (6848_CR22) 2019; 81 S Brischetto (6848_CR17) 2017; 5 J Xu (6848_CR15) 2021; 2133 AR Torrado (6848_CR5) 2016; 16 Q He (6848_CR34) 2020; 191 Y Zhao (6848_CR20) 2019; 181 N Shahrubudin (6848_CR4) 2019; 35 DW Abbot (6848_CR19) 2019; 35 6848_CR29 MA Cuiffo (6848_CR10) 2017; 7 BM Tymrak (6848_CR8) 2014; 58 6848_CR27 6848_CR26 N Fanegas (6848_CR31) 2008; 48 6848_CR25 AD Drozdov (6848_CR33) 2020 SC Ligon (6848_CR6) 2017; 117 T Kozior (6848_CR12) 2017; 192 J Gardan (6848_CR24) 2016; 2 K Szykiedans (6848_CR11) 2016; 136 A Przybytek (6848_CR28) 2016; 20 I Anderson (6848_CR7) 2017; 4 J Gardan (6848_CR23) 2018; 210 CA Griffiths (6848_CR14) 2016; 49 G Alaimo (6848_CR18) 2017; 113 6848_CR1 6848_CR3 6848_CR2 M Lay (6848_CR9) 2019; 176 6848_CR13 S Brischetto (6848_CR16) 2016; 3 T Yao (6848_CR21) 2019; 163 RJ Zaldivar (6848_CR32) 2018; 24 6848_CR30 |
| References_xml | – reference: KoziorTKunderaCEvaluation of the Influence of Parameters of FDM Technology on the Selected Mechanical Properties of ModelsProcedia Eng.201719246346810.1016/j.proeng.2017.06.080 – reference: XuJXuFGaoGThe Effect of 3D Printing Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of PLA PartsJ. Phys. Conf. Ser.2021213301202610.1088/1742-6596/2133/1/012026 – reference: LigonSCLiskaRStampflJPolymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive ManufacturingChemical Reviews201711710212102901:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXht1eku7bP10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00074 – reference: FanegasNGómezMAJiménezIOptimizing the Balance Between Impact Strength and Stiffness in Polypropylene/Elastomer Blends by Incorporation of a Nucleating AgentPolym. Eng. Sci.20084880871:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjtFahsw%3D%3D10.1002/pen.20886 – reference: PLA Starter - ROSA3D. https://rosa3d.pl/portfolio-items/plastarter-2/?fbclid=IwAR2-C3gmibE6jiX-r4ZAD1f9kKR8Lx5BCuVxuKaqTOslxWnXv77wtRoAJT4. Accessed 13 Jan 2022 – reference: TDS Impact PLA. https://2b3d.pl/public/assets//TDS IMPACT PLA PL.pdf. Accessed 13 Jan 2022 – reference: AlaimoGMarconiSCostatoLAuricchioFInfluence of Meso-Structure and Chemical Composition on FDM 3D-Printed PartsCompos. Part B Eng.20171133713801:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXislGhtLY%3D10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.01.019 – reference: AndersonIMechanical Properties of Specimens 3D Printed with Virgin and Recycled Polylactic Acid3D Print. Addit. Manuf.2017411011510.1089/3dp.2016.0054 – reference: LayMThajudinNLNHamidZAAComparison of Physical and Mechanical Properties of PLA, ABS and Nylon 6 Fabricated Using Fused Deposition Modeling and Injection MoldingCompos. Part B Eng.20191761073411:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXit1Cmt7vL10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107341 – reference: GriffithsCAHowarthJRowbothamGDAReesAEffect of Build Parameters on Processing Efficiency and Material Performance in Fused Deposition ModellingProcedia CIRP201649283210.1016/j.procir.2015.07.024 – reference: BrischettoSCianoAFerroCGA Multipurpose Modular Drone with Adjustable Arms Produced via the FDM Additive Manufacturing ProcessCurved Layered Struct.2016320221310.1515/cls-2016-0016 – reference: ShahrubudinNLeeTCRamlanRAn Overview on 3D Printing Technology: Technological, Materials, and ApplicationsProcedia Manuf.2019351286129610.1016/j.promfg.2019.06.089 – reference: DrozdovADde ClavilleCJThe Effect of Porosity on Elastic Moduli of Polymer FoamsJ. Appl. Polym. Sci.202010.1002/app.48449 – reference: SzykiedansKCredoWMechanical Properties of FDM and SLA Low-Cost 3-D PrintsProcedia Eng.20161362572621:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XisFOitLY%3D10.1016/j.proeng.2016.01.207 – reference: HeQWangHFuKYeL3D Printed Continuous CF/PA6 Composites: Effect of Microscopic Voids on Mechanical PerformanceCompos. Sci. Technol.20201911080771:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXmvFSntr8%3D10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108077 – reference: C.W. Hull (1984) Apparatus for Production of Three-Dmensonal Objects By Stereo Thography. Patent 16 – reference: Ahn SH, Montero M, Odell D, et al (2002) Anisotropic material properties of fused deposition modeling ABS – reference: ZhaoYChenYZhouYNovel Mechanical Models of Tensile Strength and Elastic Property of FDM AM PLA Materials: Experimental and Theoretical AnalysesMater. Des.20191811080891:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhsFCmtrbI10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108089 – reference: BrischettoSFerroCMaggiorePTorreRCompression Tests of ABS Specimens for UAV Components Produced via the FDM TechniqueTechnologies201752010.3390/technologies5020020 – reference: ZouaouiMLabergereCGardanJNumerical Prediction of 3d Printed Specimens Based on a Strengthening Method of Fracture ToughnessProcedia CIRP201981404410.1016/j.procir.2019.03.008 – reference: GardanJMakkeARechoNA Method to Improve the Fracture Toughness Using 3D Printing by Extrusion DepositionProcedia Struct. Integr.2016214415110.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.019 – reference: ZaldivarRJMclouthTDFerrelliGLEffect of Initial Filament Moisture Content on the Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of ULTEM ® 9085 3D Printed PartsAddit. Manuf.2018244574661:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXisVaksL3J10.1016/j.addma.2018.10.022 – reference: YaoTDengZZhangKLiSA method to Predict the Ultimate Tensile Strength of 3D Printing Polylactic Acid (PLA) Materials with Different Printing OrientationsCompos. Part B Eng.20191633934021:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhtVagurY%3D10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.01.025 – reference: TDS Easy PLA. https://fiberlogy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/TDS-EASY-PLA_EN-1.pdf. Accessed 13 Jan 2022 – reference: GardanJMakkeARechoNImproving the Fracture Toughness of 3D Printed Thermoplastic Polymers by Fused Deposition ModelingInt. J. 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| Title | Research on the Influence of the Load Direction and the Cross-Section Shape on the Young's Modulus of Elements Produced by the Fused Deposition Modeling Method |
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