Reactively Loaded Array Pattern Synthesis as a Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Program

The pattern synthesis problem of maximizing the gain at a scanning direction subject to a maximum sidelobe level for a reactively loaded antenna array is formulated as a quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP). This formulation is derived from the scattering matrix and the active element...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inIEEE transactions on antennas and propagation Vol. 63; no. 11; pp. 5219 - 5224
Main Author Corcoles, Juan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York IEEE 01.11.2015
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0018-926X
1558-2221
DOI10.1109/TAP.2015.2478487

Cover

Abstract The pattern synthesis problem of maximizing the gain at a scanning direction subject to a maximum sidelobe level for a reactively loaded antenna array is formulated as a quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP). This formulation is derived from the scattering matrix and the active element patterns of the array considering both fed and loaded antennas as ports. Since the resulting QCQP is nonconvex, the loads are computed from the solution of the semidefinite relaxation of the problem by forcing the feasibility of the constraints in a meaningful physical sense, i.e., by explicitly imposing passive or purely reactive loads. Numerical results of dipole arrays with various configurations are presented and compared to previous works.
AbstractList The pattern synthesis problem of maximizing the gain at a scanning direction subject to a maximum sidelobe level for a reactively loaded antenna array is formulated as a quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP). This formulation is derived from the scattering matrix and the active element patterns of the array considering both fed and loaded antennas as ports. Since the resulting QCQP is nonconvex, the loads are computed from the solution of the semidefinite relaxation of the problem by forcing the feasibility of the constraints in a meaningful physical sense, i.e., by explicitly imposing passive or purely reactive loads. Numerical results of dipole arrays with various configurations are presented and compared to previous works.
Author Corcoles, Juan
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Juan
  surname: Corcoles
  fullname: Corcoles, Juan
  email: juan.corcoles@uam.es
  organization: Dept. of Electron. & Commun. Technol., Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
BookMark eNp9kMtLAzEQxoNUsK3eBS8LnrfmuckeS_EFBatWEC8hm83qlm1Sk1TY_96Ulh48CAPDMN9vHt8IDKyzBoBLBCcIwfJmOV1MMERsgikXVPATMESMiRxjjAZgCCESeYmL9zMwCmGVSiooHYKPF6N0bH9M12dzp2pTZ1PvVZ8tVIzG2-y1t_HLhDZkKkX2vFW1V7HVqkvEzNkQvWptwo6dbOHdp1frc3DaqC6Yi0Meg7e72-XsIZ8_3T_OpvNc4xLFnFXpFlpWSGteEq61MYwLgXhTNwLTRjGIFSe1xrxRhPCqgoXhqMGcI0wVJGNwvZ-78e57a0KUK7f1Nq2UiBOCBBElS6pir9LeheBNI3Ub07nO7h7oJIJy56NMPsqdj_LgYwLhH3Dj27Xy_X_I1R5pjTFHOccFg5CSXxB5f-k
CODEN IETPAK
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1109_LSP_2023_3259163
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAP_2018_2835310
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAES_2021_3090903
crossref_primary_10_1109_OJAP_2024_3382833
Cites_doi 10.1109/78.558465
10.1109/TAP.2008.2009727
10.1109/TAP.2013.2290797
10.1109/MAP.2005.1487777
10.1109/TAP.1979.1142036
10.1109/ICMMT.2007.381284
10.1109/TAP.1978.1141852
10.1109/8.29377
10.1049/ip-map:20010401
10.1109/PROC.1971.8523
10.1109/LAWP.2012.2191584
10.1109/TAP.2014.2326425
10.1109/MSP.2010.936019
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Nov 2015
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Nov 2015
DBID 97E
RIA
RIE
AAYXX
CITATION
7SP
8FD
L7M
DOI 10.1109/TAP.2015.2478487
DatabaseName IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present
IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present
IEEE Xplore (NTUSG)
CrossRef
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Technology Research Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
DatabaseTitleList Technology Research Database

Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: RIE
  name: IEEE Xplore digital library
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 1558-2221
EndPage 5224
ExternalDocumentID 3867096091
10_1109_TAP_2015_2478487
7265004
Genre orig-research
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spanish Government)
  grantid: TEC2013-47106-C3-2-R
– fundername: Comunidad de Madrid
  grantid: S2013/ICE-3000
GroupedDBID -~X
0R~
29I
4.4
5GY
5VS
6IK
85S
97E
AAJGR
AARMG
AASAJ
AAWTH
ABAZT
ABFSI
ABQJQ
ABVLG
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACIWK
ACKIV
ACNCT
AENEX
AETIX
AGQYO
AGSQL
AHBIQ
AI.
AIBXA
AKJIK
AKQYR
ALLEH
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ASUFR
ATWAV
BEFXN
BFFAM
BGNUA
BKEBE
BPEOZ
CS3
E.L
EBS
EJD
F5P
HZ~
H~9
IAAWW
IBMZZ
ICLAB
IDIHD
IFIPE
IFJZH
IPLJI
JAVBF
LAI
M43
O9-
OCL
P2P
RIA
RIE
RNS
RXW
TAE
TAF
TN5
VH1
VJK
VOH
AAYXX
CITATION
7SP
8FD
L7M
RIG
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-5b01449b1cc7937ccee578817fdf824fa502a73dc27fa337bb06e71f277124a03
IEDL.DBID RIE
ISSN 0018-926X
IngestDate Mon Jun 30 10:22:25 EDT 2025
Wed Oct 01 04:01:38 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:12:37 EDT 2025
Tue Aug 26 16:40:40 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 11
Keywords reconfigurable antennas
sidelobe supression
semidefinite (SD) programming
optimization methods
antenna pattern synthesis
quadratic programming
Antenna arrays
Language English
License https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c291t-5b01449b1cc7937ccee578817fdf824fa502a73dc27fa337bb06e71f277124a03
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
PQID 1733183895
PQPubID 85476
PageCount 6
ParticipantIDs proquest_journals_1733183895
crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_TAP_2015_2478487
ieee_primary_7265004
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAP_2015_2478487
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2015-Nov.
2015-11-00
20151101
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2015-11-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 11
  year: 2015
  text: 2015-Nov.
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace New York
PublicationPlace_xml – name: New York
PublicationTitle IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation
PublicationTitleAbbrev TAP
PublicationYear 2015
Publisher IEEE
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher_xml – name: IEEE
– name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
References ref13
ref12
ref15
ref14
ref11
ref10
ref2
skobelev (ref1) 2011
li (ref6) 2001; 148
nikkhah (ref3) 2014; 62
ref8
(ref17) 2014
ref7
ref9
ref4
andersen (ref18) 2013
ref5
(ref16) 2014
References_xml – ident: ref12
  doi: 10.1109/78.558465
– ident: ref13
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.2008.2009727
– ident: ref15
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.2013.2290797
– ident: ref2
  doi: 10.1109/MAP.2005.1487777
– volume: 62
  start-page: 43
  year: 2014
  ident: ref3
  article-title: Theory of ESPAR design with their implementation in large arrays
  publication-title: IEEE Trans Antennas Propag
– ident: ref11
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.1979.1142036
– year: 2014
  ident: ref16
– ident: ref7
  doi: 10.1109/ICMMT.2007.381284
– ident: ref4
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.1978.1141852
– ident: ref5
  doi: 10.1109/8.29377
– year: 2014
  ident: ref17
  publication-title: 3D EM Field Simulation-CST Computing Simulation Technology
– volume: 148
  start-page: 203
  year: 2001
  ident: ref6
  article-title: pattern shaping using a reactively loaded wire loop antenna
  publication-title: Microwaves Antennas and Propagation IEE Proceedings -
  doi: 10.1049/ip-map:20010401
– ident: ref10
  doi: 10.1109/PROC.1971.8523
– year: 2013
  ident: ref18
  publication-title: Cvxopt A Python Package for Convex Optimization Version 1 1 6
– year: 2011
  ident: ref1
  article-title: Arrays with reactively loaded radiators
  publication-title: Phased Array Antennas with Optimized Element Patterns
– ident: ref8
  doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2012.2191584
– ident: ref9
  doi: 10.1109/TAP.2014.2326425
– ident: ref14
  doi: 10.1109/MSP.2010.936019
SSID ssj0014844
Score 2.2057648
Snippet The pattern synthesis problem of maximizing the gain at a scanning direction subject to a maximum sidelobe level for a reactively loaded antenna array is...
SourceID proquest
crossref
ieee
SourceType Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 5219
SubjectTerms Antenna arrays
Antenna pattern synthesis
Arrays
Gain
Loaded antennas
Optimization
optimization methods
Ports (Computers)
quadratic programming
reconfigurable antennas
semidefinite programming
sidelobe supression
Title Reactively Loaded Array Pattern Synthesis as a Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Program
URI https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7265004
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1733183895
Volume 63
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVIEE
  databaseName: IEEE Xplore digital library
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1558-2221
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0014844
  issn: 0018-926X
  databaseCode: RIE
  dateStart: 19630101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  providerName: IEEE
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3NS8MwFA9zJz34NcXplB68CLZr06RJjkMcQ1SmbjC8lCRNQRydbO1h_vUm6QdDRYQeCn0vhLwk75e-l98D4JJRA0tp4sqISBdFSLoU4dANIiY5Ej5F3Gb5PkajKbqb4VkLXDd3YZRSNvlMeebVxvKThSzMr7I-gRpPGPLPLUKj8q5WEzFAFJWMy4FewDCa1SFJn_Ung7HJ4cIeRIQikzy34YJsTZUfG7H1LsM98FD3q0wqefeKXHjy8xtl4387vg92K5jpDMp5cQBaKjsEOxvkgx3w-qy43ezma-d-wROVaPElXztjS7mZOS_rTKPD1dvK4fpxngqemOmijao1TKFPW15CqzVfnHGZ7XUEpsPbyc3IrSotuBKyIHexMAcrJgIpDV-e1J4TG555kiYphSjl2IechImEJOVhSITwI0WCFBKi8QH3w2PQzhaZOgGOUCIKA4WRbgZhygWjUgScwIRBQYjfBf168GNZ0ZCb7s5jexzxWazNFRtzxZW5uuCq0fgoKTj-kO2Y0W_kqoHvgl5t37hao6s4MOUqqQZs-PR3rTOwbdoubx72QDtfFupcQ5BcXNi59wWV79bu
linkProvider IEEE
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1LS8QwEB5ED-rBt7g-e_Ai2N02TZr0KOKy6iqrrrB4KUmagrh0xW0P6683SR8sKiL0UGimHTKT5Esz8w3AacQMLGWJK0MqXRxi6TJMAtcPI8mx8BjmNsr3Puw945sRGS3AeZMLo5SywWeqbW7tWX4ykYX5VdahSOMJQ_65RDDGpMzWas4MMMMl57KvhzAKR_WhpBd1hhcDE8VF2ghThk343NwiZKuq_JiK7frSXYe7WrMyrOStXeSiLT-_kTb-V_UNWKuApnNResYmLKhsC1bn6Ae34eVRcTvdjWdOf8ITlejmH3zmDCzpZuY8zTKND6evU4fry3koeGIcRptVS5hSn7bAhBZrnjiDMt5rB567V8PLnlvVWnAlivzcJcJsrSLhS2kY86ReO4lhmqdpkjKEU048xGmQSERTHgRUCC9U1E8RpRohcC_YhcVskqk9cIQSYeArgvVrMGFcREwKn1OUREhQ6rWgU3d-LCsicqPuOLYbEi-KtbliY664MlcLzhqJ95KE44-226b3m3ZVx7fgsLZvXI3SaeybgpVMQzay_7vUCSz3hnf9uH99f3sAK-Y7ZR7iISzmH4U60oAkF8fWD78AAA7aOw
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Reactively+Loaded+Array+Pattern+Synthesis+as+a+Quadratically+Constrained+Quadratic+Program&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+antennas+and+propagation&rft.au=Corcoles%2C+Juan&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft.issn=0018-926X&rft.eissn=1558-2221&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5219&rft.epage=5224&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTAP.2015.2478487&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1109_TAP_2015_2478487
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0018-926X&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0018-926X&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0018-926X&client=summon