Straight from the horse's mouth: communicating the gist of mRNA vaccines
During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was important for people to be able to comprehend information about mRNA vaccination. Moderna and Pfizer were two of the largest distributors of mRNA vaccinations, and their websites provided information about how mRNA vaccinations work. Applying the tenets of Fuzzy-...
Saved in:
| Published in | Journal of Applied Communication Research Vol. 52; no. 5; pp. 642 - 660 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Annandale
Routledge
02.09.2024
National Communication Association |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0090-9882 1479-5752 |
| DOI | 10.1080/00909882.2024.2385348 |
Cover
| Abstract | During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was important for people to be able to comprehend information about mRNA vaccination. Moderna and Pfizer were two of the largest distributors of mRNA vaccinations, and their websites provided information about how mRNA vaccinations work. Applying the tenets of Fuzzy-trace Theory (FTT), we calculated Gist Inference Scores (GIS) to assess the extent to which texts taken from Moderna and Pfizer websites facilitate gist comprehension. We then rewrote the Moderna and Pfizer texts to increase GIS and tested their ability to facilitate a reader's understanding of how mRNA vaccinations work. We conducted two experiments in which participants read original Moderna and Pfizer texts, a High GIS-version presenting the same content, or control texts on unrelated topics. Findings indicate that the High GIS-version increased comprehension. We conclude that this theory-driven approach can help subject-matter experts better communicate important information, allowing readers to "get the gist" of it. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was important for people to be able to comprehend information about mRNA vaccination. Moderna and Pfizer were two of the largest distributors of mRNA vaccinations, and their websites provided information about how mRNA vaccinations work. Applying the tenets of Fuzzy-trace Theory (FTT), we calculated Gist Inference Scores (GIS) to assess the extent to which texts taken from Moderna and Pfizer websites facilitate gist comprehension. We then rewrote the Moderna and Pfizer texts to increase GIS and tested their ability to facilitate a reader’s understanding of how mRNA vaccinations work. We conducted two experiments in which participants read original Moderna and Pfizer texts, a High GIS-version presenting the same content, or control texts on unrelated topics. Findings indicate that the High GIS-version increased comprehension. We conclude that this theory-driven approach can help subject-matter experts better communicate important information, allowing readers to “get the gist” of it. |
| Author | Wolfe, Christopher R. Brace, Wylie |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Wylie surname: Brace fullname: Brace, Wylie email: bracemw2@miamioh.edu organization: Miami University – sequence: 2 givenname: Christopher R. surname: Wolfe fullname: Wolfe, Christopher R. organization: Miami University |
| BookMark | eNp9kEFLwzAYhoNMcM79BKHgwVNnkiZN6skx1AlDQXcPaZKuHWsyk1TZv7d18-p3-S7P-34fzyUYWWcNANcIzhDk8A7CAhac4xmGmMxwxmlG-BkYI8KKlDKKR2A8MOkAXYBpCFvYD0WEMzoGy4_oZbOpY1J51yaxNkntfDC3IWldF-v7RLm27WyjZGzs5hfYNCEmrkra99d58iWVaqwJV-C8krtgpqc9Aeunx_Vima7enl8W81WqMM9jaiSRUOdllmGSI8i0Yghhg5QuKZSM5DwrdWH6h5GBkFesZMRATZVGTGmeTcDNsXbv3WdnQhRb13nbXxQZQpxyzDDpKXqklHcheFOJvW9a6Q8CQTFoE3_axKBNnLT1uYdjrrGV8638dn6nRZSHnfOVl1Y1w5l_K34AXA10Zw |
| Cites_doi | 10.1177/0272989X19874316 10.1017/CBO9780511894664 10.1016/j.dr.2011.07.004 10.1037/dec0000083 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30461-X 10.1038/s44159-023-00188-7 10.1177/0893318904273691 10.1016/j.jarmac.2021.10.004 10.2196/23262 10.3758/s13428-019-01284-4 10.1370/afm.405 10.1038/s41562-021-01122-8 10.1037/hea0000384 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.354 10.22323/2.21070307 10.1080/10410236.2021.1920690 10.1007/s41060-022-00311-6 10.1038/s41563-020-0626-7 10.1016/j.pec.2020.02.027 10.1080/00909882.2022.2106579 10.1080/10810730.2015.1012239 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149 10.1007/s10588-019-09297-2 10.1037/h0057532 10.1073/pnas.1912441117 10.3758/s13428-022-01840-5 10.1080/0163853X.2016.1199626 10.1162/jocn.2010.21452 10.1017/S1930297500002291 10.18653/v1/2022.wnu-1.5 10.1177/0272989X08327066 10.1177/0272989X14535983 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2024 National Communication Association 2024 2024 National Communication Association |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2024 National Communication Association 2024 – notice: 2024 National Communication Association |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION |
| DOI | 10.1080/00909882.2024.2385348 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Journalism & Communications Sociology & Social History |
| EISSN | 1479-5752 |
| EndPage | 660 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1080_00909882_2024_2385348 2385348 |
| Genre | Research Article |
| GroupedDBID | .7I ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS EBS ECE H~9 TFW YQT AAYXX CITATION -~X .QK 0BK 0R~ 29J 2DF 4.4 5GY 5VS 85S AAGDL AAGZJ AAHIA AAMFJ AAMIU AAPUL AATTQ AAZMC ABCCY ABFIM ABIVO ABJNI ABLIJ ABPEM ABPPZ ABTAI ABXUL ABXYU ABZLS ACGFS ACHQT ACKOT ACNCT ACTIO ACTOA ADAHI ADCVX ADKVQ ADLRE ADXPE AECIN AEFOU AEGXH AEISY AEKEX AEOZL AEPSL AEYOC AEZRU AFRVT AGDLA AGMYJ AGRBW AHDZW AIJEM AIYEW AJWEG AKBVH ALQZU ASUFR AVBZW AWYRJ BEJHT BKOMP BLEHA BMOTO BOHLJ CCCUG CQ1 CS3 DGFLZ DKSSO DU5 E~B E~C F5P FJW G-F GTTXZ H13 HF~ HZ~ IPNFZ J.O KYCEM LJTGL M4Z NA5 NY0 O9- P2P PQQKQ RIG RNANH ROSJB RSYQP S-F STATR TASJS TBQAZ TCF TDBHL TFH TFL TN5 TNTFI TRJHH TUROJ UBZ UPT UT5 UT9 VAE WH7 XSW ZCA ~01 ~S~ |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c286t-ea4a0d6b33246107dc7112e1cdb50a74683bd9e0901e008f7b74e0d5cd17cd83 |
| ISSN | 0090-9882 |
| IngestDate | Wed Aug 13 11:31:18 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 02:15:12 EDT 2025 Wed Dec 25 09:05:47 EST 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 5 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c286t-ea4a0d6b33246107dc7112e1cdb50a74683bd9e0901e008f7b74e0d5cd17cd83 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| PQID | 3118582724 |
| PQPubID | 47871 |
| PageCount | 19 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_3118582724 crossref_primary_10_1080_00909882_2024_2385348 informaworld_taylorfrancis_310_1080_00909882_2024_2385348 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2024-09-02 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2024-09-02 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 09 year: 2024 text: 2024-09-02 day: 02 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Annandale |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Annandale |
| PublicationTitle | Journal of Applied Communication Research |
| PublicationYear | 2024 |
| Publisher | Routledge National Communication Association |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Routledge – name: National Communication Association |
| References | e_1_3_4_9_1 e_1_3_4_42_1 e_1_3_4_7_1 e_1_3_4_40_1 e_1_3_4_5_1 e_1_3_4_23_1 e_1_3_4_46_1 e_1_3_4_21_1 e_1_3_4_44_1 e_1_3_4_25_1 e_1_3_4_48_1 Sinuraya R. A. (e_1_3_4_38_1) 2021; 6 e_1_3_4_30_1 e_1_3_4_51_1 e_1_3_4_13_1 e_1_3_4_34_1 e_1_3_4_11_1 e_1_3_4_32_1 e_1_3_4_17_1 e_1_3_4_15_1 e_1_3_4_36_1 e_1_3_4_4_1 Brace W. (e_1_3_4_6_1) 2024 e_1_3_4_2_1 e_1_3_4_8_1 e_1_3_4_20_1 e_1_3_4_41_1 e_1_3_4_24_1 e_1_3_4_45_1 e_1_3_4_22_1 e_1_3_4_43_1 e_1_3_4_28_1 e_1_3_4_49_1 e_1_3_4_26_1 Pappas S. (e_1_3_4_27_1) 2021; 52 e_1_3_4_47_1 Plous S. (e_1_3_4_29_1) 2022 Kincaid J. P. (e_1_3_4_18_1) 1975 Beyrer C. (e_1_3_4_3_1) 2021 e_1_3_4_31_1 e_1_3_4_50_1 e_1_3_4_12_1 e_1_3_4_35_1 e_1_3_4_10_1 e_1_3_4_33_1 e_1_3_4_16_1 e_1_3_4_39_1 e_1_3_4_14_1 Krantz J. H. (e_1_3_4_19_1) 2022 e_1_3_4_37_1 |
| References_xml | – ident: e_1_3_4_2_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_44_1 doi: 10.1177/0272989X19874316 – ident: e_1_3_4_36_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_22_1 doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511894664 – volume-title: Psychological research on the net year: 2022 ident: e_1_3_4_19_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_33_1 doi: 10.1016/j.dr.2011.07.004 – ident: e_1_3_4_7_1 doi: 10.1037/dec0000083 – ident: e_1_3_4_35_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_49_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_50_1 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30461-X – ident: e_1_3_4_34_1 doi: 10.1038/s44159-023-00188-7 – ident: e_1_3_4_13_1 doi: 10.1177/0893318904273691 – ident: e_1_3_4_42_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2021.10.004 – ident: e_1_3_4_39_1 doi: 10.2196/23262 – ident: e_1_3_4_15_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_43_1 doi: 10.3758/s13428-019-01284-4 – ident: e_1_3_4_37_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_41_1 doi: 10.1370/afm.405 – ident: e_1_3_4_21_1 doi: 10.1038/s41562-021-01122-8 – ident: e_1_3_4_4_1 doi: 10.1037/hea0000384 – ident: e_1_3_4_9_1 doi: 10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.354 – ident: e_1_3_4_26_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_23_1 doi: 10.22323/2.21070307 – ident: e_1_3_4_45_1 doi: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1920690 – start-page: Research Branch year: 1975 ident: e_1_3_4_18_1 article-title: Derivation of new readability formulas (automated readability index, fog count and Flesch Reading ease formula) for navy enlisted personnel publication-title: Institute for Simulation and Training – volume: 6 start-page: 169 issue: 2 year: 2021 ident: e_1_3_4_38_1 article-title: The effect of gist strategy on students’ achievement in Reading comprehension publication-title: Journal of English Language and Education – volume-title: The long history of mRNA vaccines year: 2021 ident: e_1_3_4_3_1 – volume-title: Paper Presentation to the Midwest Psychological Association year: 2024 ident: e_1_3_4_6_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_25_1 doi: 10.1007/s41060-022-00311-6 – ident: e_1_3_4_40_1 doi: 10.1038/s41563-020-0626-7 – ident: e_1_3_4_10_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_12_1 doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.02.027 – ident: e_1_3_4_24_1 – volume-title: Social psychology network year: 2022 ident: e_1_3_4_29_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_51_1 doi: 10.1080/00909882.2022.2106579 – ident: e_1_3_4_11_1 doi: 10.1080/10810730.2015.1012239 – ident: e_1_3_4_5_1 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149 – ident: e_1_3_4_8_1 doi: 10.1007/s10588-019-09297-2 – volume: 52 start-page: 87 issue: 1 year: 2021 ident: e_1_3_4_27_1 article-title: How to write for a non-academic audience publication-title: Monitor on Psychology – ident: e_1_3_4_14_1 doi: 10.1037/h0057532 – ident: e_1_3_4_32_1 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1912441117 – ident: e_1_3_4_46_1 doi: 10.3758/s13428-022-01840-5 – ident: e_1_3_4_48_1 doi: 10.1080/0163853X.2016.1199626 – ident: e_1_3_4_20_1 doi: 10.1162/jocn.2010.21452 – ident: e_1_3_4_17_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_31_1 doi: 10.1017/S1930297500002291 – ident: e_1_3_4_28_1 – ident: e_1_3_4_16_1 doi: 10.18653/v1/2022.wnu-1.5 – ident: e_1_3_4_30_1 doi: 10.1177/0272989X08327066 – ident: e_1_3_4_47_1 doi: 10.1177/0272989X14535983 |
| SSID | ssj0000514875 ssj0000465 |
| Score | 2.3575084 |
| Snippet | During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was important for people to be able to comprehend information about mRNA vaccination. Moderna and Pfizer were two of the... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref informaworld |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 642 |
| SubjectTerms | Communication fuzzy-trace theory gist Health literacy mRNA Texts Vaccine hesitancy Websites |
| Title | Straight from the horse's mouth: communicating the gist of mRNA vaccines |
| URI | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00909882.2024.2385348 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3118582724 |
| Volume | 52 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LS91AFB7a68ZNqVapj8osSruQhMnMJJN0J2IJQl1cbqm7kHkEBXuveGNBf71nHrlJVNC2mxAm73O-zHzzON9B6DOrU6MESSM4QUMHpW4imfMmKhpSGAEEXbmhix9nWfmTn56n5326VBdd0spY3T8bV_IvXoUy8KuNkv0Lz65uCgWwD_6FLXgYtq_ysZWWtZ3rPkjkYnFjMyUKm-Lmtr2w_X3Vh4CEyCgb8-Pm1adnR4d_amXn1pcvsNRRIMlqvd5gRt4Pxv-6u7rsZ3sWV415pGBwOI2HAw2Uu5VUfbd0vEIpVKcFiYrcZw-Kja9BuSgi4ICjKjalAyilg_oy43TQ9GY-tcCTWr1bBlkQ-7DYvlwMVCNlXqTzkWB2OPIWrVEBfGqC1mbT07Ls22ceJnY7-fdc-DwX4WO6OC-rwP7cI0cMZqRv-6Q9dyRl9h69C37DRx4qG-iNmW-ivVB8ufyNv-CRI5ebaHcVsgQHfbA29toxdx9Q2SEMW4RhAA92CPu6xA5f3_AIXe4Eiy68aLBFF-7QtYVm309mx2UUcm9EiuZZG5ma10RnkjErOEiEVgKYuUmUlimpBc9yJnVhwD6JARrZCCm4ITpVOhFK52wbTeaLufmIMJO1aAxwJcEM55RKrYhmkuU19EV0wnZQ3JmzuvYKK1WyEq719q-s_atg_x1UDI1etW5oq_F5aCr2wrX7nYeq8CPbS4C05lRQvvsft95D6_1fs48m7c2t-QSEtZUHAYEPHpOOmQ |
| linkProvider | Taylor & Francis |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV07T8MwED5BGWDhjShPDwimFCd26oQNIVB4dUBFYoviRwChtogEJPj1nOMEKAgxsMb2SX7k7vP57juAHZaFRgkaethB4wUlyz0Z8dyLcxobgQBdVa6Ly143ueZnN-HNl1wYG1Zp79C5I4qodLX9ua0zugmJ20dcQGOEhni9C3gHjU7IeDQJUyHaWtqCqf7VWZJ86mNeP-Q1dN-RcHUNYupZKU1ez2-CxyzWGJ_pD_1dGaWTOVDNdFwsykPnuZQd9faN6fF_852H2RqzkkN3yBZgwgwXYb3-fF8MyC4ZyzMpFmHtIxEGG10KMHGMJK9LkFhKXOsUIDa5hSAEJXejp8LsFWRgK_odEPUpbnhbdbB5SmSUk8FV75C8ZMrGAxTL0D857h8lXl3RwVNB1C09k_GM6q5kzNLYUaGVQLxnfKVlSDPBuxGTOjY4Xd8gOMmFFNxQHSrtC6UjtgKt4WhoVoEwmYncoAUWzHAeBFIrqplkUYYIV_usDZ1m09JHx9uR-h90qG45U7ucab2cbYi_bm1aVg6T3FU3SdkfYzeac5DWKsAOQSgUBSLga_8QvQ3TSf_yIr047Z2vw4xtqiLcgg1olU_PZhMhUSm36jP_Djs5_MQ |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3fb9MwED5BJyFeNtiGWFuGHxA8pTixEyd7qwZVGFChqUh7i-JfA6Gm05JOGn895zjZ6CbEw17j-CTbl7vvnLvvAN6wMjZK0DjAFzQGKKUNZMptkFmaGYEAXbVXF1_nSf6dn5zFfTZh3aVVuhjaeqKI1la7j_tC2z4j7j3CApohMsToLuIT9Dkx4-lj2MLYIkbF3lqcnuT5rTnm3X-8nu07Fb6tQUYDJ6Uv6_mX4A2HtUFnes98tz5ptgOyX41PRfk1WTdyon7fIXp80HKfwXaHWMnUq9hzeGSqXRh1j3_WS_KWbFSZ1LswvCmDwUFfAEw8H8n1HuSOENddCRBX2kIQgJIfq8vavKvJ0vXzOyLqVlx13r7gqpTIypLl6XxKrkrlsgHqfVjMPi6O86Dr5xCoKE2awJS8pDqRjDkSOyq0Eoj2TKi0jGkpeJIyqTODyw0NQhMrpOCG6ljpUCidshcwqFaVeQmEyVJYg_5XMMN5FEmtqGaSpSXiWx2yA5j0Z1ZceNaOIrwhQ_XbWbjtLLrtPIDs75Mtmva6xPreJgX7z9xxrwZFZwDcFARCaSQiPnyA6Nfw5NuHWfHl0_zzCJ66kTa9LRrDoLlcm1eIhxp52Gn8HzMN-3E |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Straight+from+the+horse%27s+mouth%3A+communicating+the+gist+of+mRNA+vaccines&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Communication+Research&rft.au=Brace%2C+Wylie&rft.au=Wolfe%2C+Christopher+R.&rft.date=2024-09-02&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.issn=0090-9882&rft.eissn=1479-5752&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=642&rft.epage=660&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F00909882.2024.2385348&rft.externalDocID=2385348 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0090-9882&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0090-9882&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0090-9882&client=summon |