Robustness Assessment in the Optimization of Low-Pressure Die Casting Subject to Variations in Secondary Alloy Composition
Porosity is a significant factor affecting the final mechanical properties in aluminum casting. Therefore, minimizing porosity by optimizing the casting parameters is of great importance. However, during normal production, some variability must be considered for these parameters, especially when usi...
Saved in:
Published in | International journal of metalcasting Vol. 19; no. 5; pp. 2864 - 2880 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Cham
Springer International Publishing
01.09.2025
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 1939-5981 2163-3193 2163-3193 |
DOI | 10.1007/s40962-024-01504-4 |
Cover
Abstract | Porosity is a significant factor affecting the final mechanical properties in aluminum casting. Therefore, minimizing porosity by optimizing the casting parameters is of great importance. However, during normal production, some variability must be considered for these parameters, especially when using secondary alloys. Variations in alloy composition can greatly influence the solidification process, microstructure, and the product’s mechanical properties. Accordingly, achieving a robust design that accounts for secondary alloy composition variations is crucial to ensure the consistent quality and performance of the cast parts. This research uses a car wheel as a case study for a low-pressure die casting process. An optimization process is then conducted using a genetic algorithm (GA) to refine casting parameters such as heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and initial pouring temperature. Finally, the results are analyzed using the signal-to-noise ratio and the Taguchi quality loss function method to measure the robustness of the design sets. These results indicated that by conducting an optimization process and introducing noise factors as parameters, a robust design that withstand alloy variations can be achieved, and a design of simulation experiment can be established. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Porosity is a significant factor affecting the final mechanical properties in aluminum casting. Therefore, minimizing porosity by optimizing the casting parameters is of great importance. However, during normal production, some variability must be considered for these parameters, especially when using secondary alloys. Variations in alloy composition can greatly influence the solidification process, microstructure, and the product’s mechanical properties. Accordingly, achieving a robust design that accounts for secondary alloy composition variations is crucial to ensure the consistent quality and performance of the cast parts. This research uses a car wheel as a case study for a low-pressure die casting process. An optimization process is then conducted using a genetic algorithm (GA) to refine casting parameters such as heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and initial pouring temperature. Finally, the results are analyzed using the signal-to-noise ratio and the Taguchi quality loss function method to measure the robustness of the design sets. These results indicated that by conducting an optimization process and introducing noise factors as parameters, a robust design that withstand alloy variations can be achieved, and a design of simulation experiment can be established. |
Author | Leali, Francesco Spessotto, Marvin Vergnano, Alberto Rezvanpour, Hamed |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Alberto surname: Vergnano fullname: Vergnano, Alberto organization: Universita degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari – sequence: 2 givenname: Hamed orcidid: 0009-0006-6831-880X surname: Rezvanpour fullname: Rezvanpour, Hamed email: hrezvanp@unimore.it organization: Universita degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari – sequence: 3 givenname: Marvin surname: Spessotto fullname: Spessotto, Marvin organization: Universita degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari – sequence: 4 givenname: Francesco surname: Leali fullname: Leali, Francesco organization: Universita degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia Dipartimento di Ingegneria Enzo Ferrari |
BookMark | eNqNkMlOwzAQhi0EEqX0BTj5BQx27Cw-VmGVKhVR4Bo5sVNcJXZkO6rap8ddzog5zEgz883y34BLY40C4I7ge4Jx_uAZ5lmCcMIQJilmiF2ASUIyiijh9BJMouco5QW5BjPvNzhaynLC6ATsP2w9-mCU93DufQy9MgFqA8OPgssh6F7vRdDWQNvChd2idxebRqfgo1awFD5os4arsd6oJsBg4bdw-gj4w5SVaqyRwu3gvOvsDpa2H6zXh_otuGpF59XsHKfg6_nps3xFi-XLWzlfoCYpsoAkIUQpKVMqWJ3knMRsw1kuC1znSUZqmlFaJDwXnHEpJcuytpAFaZmgIhcNnQJ6mjuaQey2ouuqwek-3lQRXB0UrE4KVlHB6qhgxSKVnKjGWe-dav8HnVf52GzWylUbOzoTv_uL-gXLKYcA |
Cites_doi | 10.3390/ma16030895 10.1016/j.jmst.2016.03.010 10.2514/1.13639 10.1016/j.msea.2004.03.006 10.1007/s41230-018-8066-6 10.1007/s40962-017-0191-2 10.1007/s40962-024-01286-9 10.1007/s12633-020-00594-z 10.1080/00224065.1990.11979206 10.1051/mfreview/2022017 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.12.585 10.3390/ma13030575 10.1007/s11665-011-9933-0 10.1002/qre.864 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.125321 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.07.067 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.478 10.1177/0954405414521065 10.1007/s00170-008-1499-0 10.1007/s11837-021-04802-y 10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_6 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.08.135 10.1007/s40962-021-00715-3 10.3390/met10081024 10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.01.016 10.3390/met13071174 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.01.059 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | The Author(s) 2024 |
Copyright_xml | – notice: The Author(s) 2024 |
DBID | C6C AAYXX CITATION ADTOC UNPAY |
DOI | 10.1007/s40962-024-01504-4 |
DatabaseName | SpringerOpen Free (Free internet resource, activated by CARLI) CrossRef Unpaywall for CDI: Periodical Content Unpaywall |
DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: C6C name: Springer Nature OA Free Journals url: http://www.springeropen.com/ sourceTypes: Publisher – sequence: 2 dbid: UNPAY name: Unpaywall url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://unpaywall.org/ sourceTypes: Open Access Repository |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Engineering |
EISSN | 2163-3193 |
EndPage | 2880 |
ExternalDocumentID | 10.1007/s40962-024-01504-4 10_1007_s40962_024_01504_4 |
GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme grantid: 101138747 funderid: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100018693 |
GroupedDBID | 0R~ 203 406 AACDK AAHNG AAIAL AAJBT AANZL AARHV AARTL AASML AATNV AATVU AAUYE AAYQN AAYTO AAZMS ABAKF ABBRH ABBTF ABDBE ABDBF ABDZT ABECU ABFSG ABFTV ABJNI ABJOX ABKCH ABMQK ABQBU ABRTQ ABTEG ABTKH ABTMW ABXPI ACAOD ACDTI ACGFS ACHSB ACMLO ACOKC ACPIV ACSTC ACUHS ACZOJ ADHHG ADKNI ADKPE ADRFC ADTPH ADURQ ADYFF ADZKW AEBTG AEFQL AEJHL AEJRE AEMSY AENEX AEOHA AEPYU AESKC AEVLU AEXYK AEZWR AFBBN AFDZB AFHIU AFOHR AFQWF AFZKB AGAYW AGDGC AGMZJ AGQEE AGQMX AGRTI AHBYD AHKAY AHPBZ AHSBF AHWEU AIAKS AIGIU AILAN AITGF AIXLP AJRNO AJZVZ ALFXC ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMKLP AMXSW AMYLF AMYQR ASPBG ATHPR AVWKF AXYYD AYFIA BGNMA C6C CSCUP DNIVK DPUIP EBLON EBS EIOEI EJD ESX FERAY FIGPU FINBP FNLPD FRRFC FSGXE GGCAI GJIRD I-F IKXTQ IWAJR IXD J-C JZLTJ KOV LLZTM M4Y NPVJJ NQJWS NU0 O9J PT4 QF4 QN7 RLLFE ROL RSV SISQX SJYHP SNE SNPRN SNX SOHCF SOJ SPISZ SRMVM SSLCW STPWE TSG TUS UG4 UOJIU UTJUX UZXMN VFIZW W48 ZMTXR AAYXX CITATION ADTOC UNPAY |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c286t-d111eedd53a4b2791286c947d80b7261b36338297a949ddd466f8d81f4a3a7ac3 |
IEDL.DBID | UNPAY |
ISSN | 1939-5981 2163-3193 |
IngestDate | Wed Aug 20 00:16:21 EDT 2025 Wed Oct 01 05:17:15 EDT 2025 Sun Sep 21 01:10:36 EDT 2025 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
IsOpenAccess | true |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 5 |
Keywords | secondary alloys genetic algorithm aluminum casting design of simulation experiments optimization porosity low-pressure die casting mechanical properties Taguchi method |
Language | English |
License | cc-by |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c286t-d111eedd53a4b2791286c947d80b7261b36338297a949ddd466f8d81f4a3a7ac3 |
ORCID | 0009-0006-6831-880X |
OpenAccessLink | https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40962-024-01504-4.pdf |
PageCount | 17 |
ParticipantIDs | unpaywall_primary_10_1007_s40962_024_01504_4 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40962_024_01504_4 springer_journals_10_1007_s40962_024_01504_4 |
ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 20250900 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2025-09-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 9 year: 2025 text: 20250900 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationPlace | Cham |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Cham |
PublicationTitle | International journal of metalcasting |
PublicationTitleAbbrev | Inter Metalcast |
PublicationYear | 2025 |
Publisher | Springer International Publishing |
Publisher_xml | – name: Springer International Publishing |
References | M Dhisale (1504_CR14) 2022; 62 A Vergnano (1504_CR29) 2022 S Maghsoodloo (1504_CR26) 2018; 22 SK Padamata (1504_CR2) 2021; 73 L Zhang (1504_CR11) 2011; 21 PGB Oliveira de Santos (1504_CR28) 2024 G-J Park (1504_CR8) 2006; 44 S Shahane (1504_CR16) 2020; 51 Y Ma (1504_CR18) 2022 EAC Naresh (1504_CR27) 2007; 1 M Kaba (1504_CR21) 2017; 12 J-L Wen (1504_CR24) 2008; 41 B Callegari (1504_CR17) 2023 M Arvidsson (1504_CR9) 2007; 24 Y Wang (1504_CR23) 2014; 53 K Gupta (1504_CR12) 2020; 13 C Zhang (1504_CR13) 2018; 15 H Puga (1504_CR6) 2016; 94 J Kasinska (1504_CR20) 2020 D Závodská (1504_CR7) 2018; 5 W Ye (1504_CR10) 2014; 228 E Anglada (1504_CR5) 2015; 132 H Nunes (1504_CR1) 2023 EA Elsharkawi (1504_CR19) 2021; 16 1504_CR3 1504_CR4 G Timelli (1504_CR22) 2016; 32 Q Zheng (1504_CR15) 2020 DH Wu (1504_CR25) 2004; 379 |
References_xml | – year: 2023 ident: 1504_CR1 publication-title: Mater. doi: 10.3390/ma16030895 – volume: 32 start-page: 515 year: 2016 ident: 1504_CR22 publication-title: J. Mater. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2016.03.010 – volume: 44 start-page: 181 year: 2006 ident: 1504_CR8 publication-title: AIAA J. doi: 10.2514/1.13639 – volume: 379 start-page: 366 year: 2004 ident: 1504_CR25 publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng. A doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2004.03.006 – volume: 15 start-page: 327 year: 2018 ident: 1504_CR13 publication-title: China Foundry doi: 10.1007/s41230-018-8066-6 – volume: 12 start-page: 614 year: 2017 ident: 1504_CR21 publication-title: Int. J. Metalcast. doi: 10.1007/s40962-017-0191-2 – year: 2024 ident: 1504_CR28 publication-title: Int. J. Metalcasting doi: 10.1007/s40962-024-01286-9 – volume: 13 start-page: 2429 issue: 8 year: 2020 ident: 1504_CR12 publication-title: SILICON doi: 10.1007/s12633-020-00594-z – volume: 22 start-page: 57 year: 2018 ident: 1504_CR26 publication-title: J. Qual. Technol. doi: 10.1080/00224065.1990.11979206 – year: 2022 ident: 1504_CR29 publication-title: Manuf. Rev. doi: 10.1051/mfreview/2022017 – volume: 132 start-page: 974 year: 2015 ident: 1504_CR5 publication-title: Procedia Eng. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.12.585 – year: 2020 ident: 1504_CR20 publication-title: Materials doi: 10.3390/ma13030575 – volume: 21 start-page: 492 year: 2011 ident: 1504_CR11 publication-title: J. Mater. Eng. Perform. doi: 10.1007/s11665-011-9933-0 – volume: 24 start-page: 23 year: 2007 ident: 1504_CR9 publication-title: Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int. doi: 10.1002/qre.864 – volume: 1 start-page: 218 year: 2007 ident: 1504_CR27 publication-title: J. Ind. Syst. Eng. – year: 2022 ident: 1504_CR18 publication-title: Mater. Chem. Phys. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.125321 – volume: 53 start-page: 634 year: 2014 ident: 1504_CR23 publication-title: Mater. Des. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.07.067 – volume: 62 start-page: 3189 year: 2022 ident: 1504_CR14 publication-title: Mater. Today Proc. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.478 – volume: 228 start-page: 1508 year: 2014 ident: 1504_CR10 publication-title: Proc. Ins. Mech. Eng. Part B: J. Eng. Manuf. doi: 10.1177/0954405414521065 – volume: 41 start-page: 430 year: 2008 ident: 1504_CR24 publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. doi: 10.1007/s00170-008-1499-0 – volume: 73 start-page: 2603 issue: 9 year: 2021 ident: 1504_CR2 publication-title: Jom doi: 10.1007/s11837-021-04802-y – ident: 1504_CR4 doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_6 – volume: 5 start-page: 26680 year: 2018 ident: 1504_CR7 publication-title: Mater. Today Proc. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.08.135 – volume: 16 start-page: 1777 year: 2021 ident: 1504_CR19 publication-title: Int. J. Metalcast. doi: 10.1007/s40962-021-00715-3 – year: 2020 ident: 1504_CR15 publication-title: Metals doi: 10.3390/met10081024 – volume: 51 start-page: 130 year: 2020 ident: 1504_CR16 publication-title: J. Manuf. Process. doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.01.016 – ident: 1504_CR3 – year: 2023 ident: 1504_CR17 publication-title: Metals doi: 10.3390/met13071174 – volume: 94 start-page: 384 year: 2016 ident: 1504_CR6 publication-title: Mater. Des. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.01.059 |
SSID | ssj0000547143 |
Score | 2.3325818 |
Snippet | Porosity is a significant factor affecting the final mechanical properties in aluminum casting. Therefore, minimizing porosity by optimizing the casting... |
SourceID | unpaywall crossref springer |
SourceType | Open Access Repository Index Database Publisher |
StartPage | 2864 |
SubjectTerms | Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry and Materials Science Materials Science Metallic Materials Structural Materials Technical Paper |
SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: SpringerOpen Free (Free internet resource, activated by CARLI) dbid: C6C link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LS8NAEF60HrQH8Yn1xR686aLZ7G6yxxItRXyAWuktbLJbEGJSmpRSf72zSRqqiOg9mcNs8n3zzc4DoTMKHOEwZ0RsPEqYijXxgRkIMK30uORUxrYb-f5B9AfsdsiH9Zgc2wvz7f7-Mgf9ISgBJiFWmzPCVtEaB-C15XuBCJp8CoQedpV3dYksCZe-U_fI_GzmKw8tLkHbaH2ajtV8ppJkiWd6W2izDhBxtzrRbbRi0h3UXhobuIs-nrJomhcWpHC3mayJ31IM0Rx-BBB4r7srcTbCd9mMVE2AE4Ov3wwOVG5rnTFghk3C4CLDr6CYq9SdtfJsRbJWkznuJkk2xxYz6tquPTTo3bwEfVLvUCAx9UVBNGAZ0KDmrmIR9STQkYgl87R_FXmgniJXgEil0lOSSa01E2Lka98ZMeUqT8XuPmqlWWoOEPaA6hW85HLNGI_jSPHIN4obRmkslOmg84VHw3E1KiNshiKX_g_B_2Hp_5B10MXC6WH92-S_P94czB-sH_7P-hHaoHavb1k7doxaxWRqTiDYKKLT8iv7BPQWyLg priority: 102 providerName: Springer Nature |
Title | Robustness Assessment in the Optimization of Low-Pressure Die Casting Subject to Variations in Secondary Alloy Composition |
URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40962-024-01504-4 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40962-024-01504-4.pdf |
UnpaywallVersion | publishedVersion |
Volume | 19 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVLSH databaseName: SpringerLink Journals customDbUrl: mediaType: online eissn: 2163-3193 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000547143 issn: 1939-5981 databaseCode: AFBBN dateStart: 20070101 isFulltext: true providerName: Library Specific Holdings |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3dT9swED9B-7DxwNiX-BiVH_a2uayO7cSPoVAhtBW0rRN7ihzbkdBKUrWpUPnrOeejYghNm_Ycx3LOzv3ufPe7A3jPECMGfJBRb49Sro2lESIDRaRVoVCCKePZyF_G8mzCz6_E1QactFyYKtu9DUnWnAZfpSkvj2Y2O1oT39ArkYwivlDvsXPK-_h4E7rSh5k60J2ML-OfdUBZUaGqXqUMTQ9UOSpouDNPT_Q7PrUr2YJny3ymV7d6On2AP6MX4NqV12knv_rLMu2bu0dFHf_303ZguzFQSVyfqJew4fJXsPWgbOFruPtapMtF6ZUkideVPcl1TtCaJBeohG4adicpMvK5uKU1CXHuyMm1I0O98LnWBHWWvwQiZUF-oMdeXx36Wb55J93q-YrE02mxIl5nNbllb2AyOv0-PKNNDwdqWCRLalGXIgxbEWieslAhHEqjeGijT2mI3lsaSHSSmQq14spay6XMIhsNMq4DHWoTvIVOXuRuF0iIpobGlwJhORfGpFqkkdPCccaM1G4PPrQ7l8zqUh3JuihzJdUEpZpUUk34Hnxs9yJpftvFn4evD8BfzL7_b8MP4DnzfYWr3LV30CnnS3eIxk6Z9qAbj46Pxz3YHMphrznZ981e9vs |
linkProvider | Unpaywall |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3NT8IwFG8UD8jB-Bnxswdv2ihd261HghJUwETBeFu6dUtI5kZghOBf7-s2FjTG6H19h9fu_d7vfSJ0QQEjGqwREuOPEqZ8TRxABgJIK20uOZW-6Ubu9UVnyB7e-FsxJsf0wnzL319PgX8ISgBJiOHmjLB1tGEyl1liVrTKeAq4HmaVd55EloRLp1H0yPws5isOLZOgNVSdxWO1mKsoWsGZ9jbaKhxE3MxvdAetBfEuqq2MDdxDH8-JN5umxkjhZjlZE49iDN4cfgIj8F50V-IkxN1kTvImwEmAb0cBbqmpqXXGYDNMEAanCX4FxpyH7oyUF0OStZoscDOKkgU2NqOo7dpHw_bdoNUhxQ4F4lNHpESDLQMY1NxSzKO2BDgSvmS2dm48G9iTZwkgqVTaSjKptWZChI52GiFTlrKVbx2gSpzEwSHCNkC9gkMW14xx3_cU95xA8YBR6gsV1NHlUqPuOB-V4ZZDkTP9u6B_N9O_y-roaql0t_htpr9_Xl7MH6Qf_U_6Oap2Br2u273vPx6jTWp2_GZ1ZCeokk5mwSk4Hql3lr24T4vhy6c |
linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3fS8MwEA46Qd2D-BPnzzz4pkGbJmnzODbH1DlFneytpE0Lg9mOrWPMv95L25UJIvreHuXS3HeX3PcdQhcUMMJiVkRMPkqYCjRxARkIIK10uORUBoaN_NgV7R677_P-Eos_63ZfXEnmnAaj0hSn1yMdXZfEN6hKBCWAL8RU7IywVbRmtLqMen5DNMpTFkhIzIDv_GpZEi5dq2DO_GzmOzotvqOKNqbxSM1najhcQp_WNtoq0kZcz9d5B62E8S6qLokJ7qHPl8SfTlITunC91NvEgxhDjoefIDR8FJxLnES4k8xITg0ch7g5CHFDTUwHNIZIYo5mcJrgd6ij8wM9Y-XVlM5ajee4Phwmc2wiSdHxtY96rdu3RpsUkxVIQF2REg0RDsBRc1sxnzoSQEoEkjnavfEdqKl8W0DpSqWjJJNaayZE5GrXipiylaMC-wBV4iQODxF2IAFQ8JLNNWM8CHzFfTdUPGSUBkKFNXS58Kg3ygU0vFIqOfO_B_73Mv97rIauFk73is00-f3xcmH-YP3of9bP0fpzs-V17roPx2iTmsG_WXPZCaqk42l4CtlI6p9lP9wXKFHT9w |
linkToUnpaywall | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3fb9MwED6N9gH6wICBVtgmP_AG7lbHduLHql01TVAQUFSeIsd2pIouqdpUU_fXc86Pakxo2sRzHMs5O_fd-e67A3jPECP6vJ9Sb49Sro2lESIDRaRVoVCCKePZyJ8n8mLKL2ditgejhgtTZrs3IcmK0-CrNGXF6dKmpzviG3olklHEF-o9dk55Dx8_gbb0YaYWtKeTr4NfVUBZUaHKXqUMTQ9UOSqouTP_nuhvfGpW0oGnm2ypt9d6sbiFP-N9cM3Kq7ST371NkfTMzZ2ijv_7aS_geW2gkkF1ol7CnsteQedW2cIDuPmWJ5t14ZUkGewqe5J5RtCaJF9QCV3V7E6Sp-RTfk0rEuLKkdHckaFe-1xrgjrLXwKRIic_0WOvrg79LN-9k271aksGi0W-JV5n1bllr2E6Pv8xvKB1DwdqWCQLalGXIgxbEWiesFAhHEqjeGijsyRE7y0JJDrJTIVacWWt5VKmkY36KdeBDrUJ3kAryzN3CCREU0PjS4GwnAtjEi2SyGnhOGNGateFD83OxcuqVEe8K8pcSjVGqcalVGPehY_NXsT1b7u-f_juADxg9rePG_4OnjHfV7jMXTuCVrHauGM0dorkpD7LfwBgdPSi |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Robustness+Assessment+in+the+Optimization+of+Low-Pressure+Die+Casting+Subject+to+Variations+in+Secondary+Alloy+Composition&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+metalcasting&rft.au=Vergnano%2C+Alberto&rft.au=Rezvanpour%2C+Hamed&rft.au=Spessotto%2C+Marvin&rft.au=Leali%2C+Francesco&rft.date=2025-09-01&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.issn=1939-5981&rft.eissn=2163-3193&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2864&rft.epage=2880&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs40962-024-01504-4&rft.externalDocID=10_1007_s40962_024_01504_4 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1939-5981&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1939-5981&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1939-5981&client=summon |