Performance analysis of classical and quantum support vector machines for diagnosis of chronic kidney disease

• Published in: Informatics and Health Vol. 2; no. 2; pp. 179 - 193
• Main Authors: Hossain, Muhammad Minoar, Munir, Arslan, Habib, Md. Ahsan, Iqbal, Md. Sadiq, Hasan, Md Mosaddik, Rahman, Mohammad Motiur
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.09.2025; KeAi Communications Co., Ltd
• Subjects: Classification; Feature optimization; Machine learning (ML); Quantum feature map; Quantum support vector machine (QSVM); Machine learning (ML); Quantum feature map; Feature optimization; Classification; Quantum support vector machine (QSVM)
• ISSN: 2949-9534; 2949-9534
• DOI: 10.1016/j.infoh.2025.08.003

The kidney is one of the most essential organs in our body, and any problems with it are perilous, hence, the early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is crucial. support vector machine (SVM), a popular machine learning (ML) technique, is an effective solution for building an early CKD diagnosis system. Nowadays ML techniques like SVM are often combined with upcoming quantum computing technology to improve over classical ML. This research uses classical SVM (CSVM) and Quantum SVM (QSVM) to develop a CKD diagnosis system and compare the efficiency of the two diagnosis systems. This research performs different preprocessing on a CKD dataset. Based on the analysis and preprocessing, two data optimization approaches principal component analysis (PCA) and singular value decomposition (SVD) are applied to generate two optimized datasets. Moreover, classification is done on these two datasets by utilizing both CSVM and QSVM. The comprehensive analysis of various techniques reveals that PCA outperforms SVD when paired with both CSVM and QSVM. Utilizing PCA, CSVM achieves a remarkable accuracy of 98.75 %, while QSVM achieves 87.5 % accuracy. In contrast, by utilizing SVD, both CSVM and QSVM achieve relatively lower accuracies, with CSVM achieving 96.25 % accuracy and QSVM achieving 60 % accuracy. The final assessment of this research confirms that QSVM requires more time in classical experimental settings compared to CSVM. Furthermore, the research aims to make it easier to catch CKD early by providing reliable and efficient diagnosis methods. At the same time, it opens the door for trying out new quantum ML ideas in healthcare down the line. •Performance analysis of SVM and QSVM for an automatic CKD detection system.•Understanding the prediction capacity of SVM and QSVM for real-world data with different feature reduction techniques.•Comparative complexity analysis of SVM and QSVM for real-life disease diagnosis.