Anvil use by three wrasse species: Halichoeres hortulanus, Thalassoma jansenii, and Thalassoma lunare

Over the past few decades, tool use has been described in a variety of animals across taxa. However, there are relatively limited reports and studies of tool use in marine environments. Among marine fish though, labrids have been reported to be proficient at using tools. Here, we describe the first...

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Published inCoral reefs Vol. 43; no. 2; pp. 483 - 487
Main Authors Jaishankar, Siddhi, Nair, Radhika, Alcoverro, Teresa, Arthur, Rohan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.04.2024
Springer Nature B.V
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0722-4028
1432-0975
DOI10.1007/s00338-024-02467-y

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Abstract Over the past few decades, tool use has been described in a variety of animals across taxa. However, there are relatively limited reports and studies of tool use in marine environments. Among marine fish though, labrids have been reported to be proficient at using tools. Here, we describe the first observations of tool use in two species of tropical wrasses— Halichoeres hortulanus (checkerboard wrasse) and Thalassoma jansenii (Jansen’s wrasse)—and the first report of tool use from the wild for the wrasse Thalassoma lunare (Moon wrasse). These observations were made incidentally as part of size-specific predation assays for a small burrow-dwelling sea urchin (Echinostrephus molaris) in the Lakshadweep Archipelago, Indian Ocean. We documented multiple instances of anvil use by the wrasses H. hortulanus , and T. jansenii , and one instance of anvil use by T. lunare . All three species were recorded carrying the assay urchins to a nearby coral or benthic substrate and striking them repeatedly to break off their spines and crack their tests before consuming them. The behaviour was observed multiple times in different wrasse individuals. Also, sea urchin test size was a good predictor of the size of the fish that preyed on them. As naturalists spend more time observing fish in their natural environment, records of tool use in fish are increasing. Often these observations are incidental, yet documenting them carefully is critical, so we can ask larger questions about the evolution and development of animal intelligence. This study adds to observations of predation-associated tool use by fishes expanding reports of this behaviour taxonomically as well as geographically.
AbstractList Over the past few decades, tool use has been described in a variety of animals across taxa. However, there are relatively limited reports and studies of tool use in marine environments. Among marine fish though, labrids have been reported to be proficient at using tools. Here, we describe the first observations of tool use in two species of tropical wrasses— Halichoeres hortulanus (checkerboard wrasse) and Thalassoma jansenii (Jansen’s wrasse)—and the first report of tool use from the wild for the wrasse Thalassoma lunare (Moon wrasse). These observations were made incidentally as part of size-specific predation assays for a small burrow-dwelling sea urchin (Echinostrephus molaris) in the Lakshadweep Archipelago, Indian Ocean. We documented multiple instances of anvil use by the wrasses H. hortulanus , and T. jansenii , and one instance of anvil use by T. lunare . All three species were recorded carrying the assay urchins to a nearby coral or benthic substrate and striking them repeatedly to break off their spines and crack their tests before consuming them. The behaviour was observed multiple times in different wrasse individuals. Also, sea urchin test size was a good predictor of the size of the fish that preyed on them. As naturalists spend more time observing fish in their natural environment, records of tool use in fish are increasing. Often these observations are incidental, yet documenting them carefully is critical, so we can ask larger questions about the evolution and development of animal intelligence. This study adds to observations of predation-associated tool use by fishes expanding reports of this behaviour taxonomically as well as geographically.
Over the past few decades, tool use has been described in a variety of animals across taxa. However, there are relatively limited reports and studies of tool use in marine environments. Among marine fish though, labrids have been reported to be proficient at using tools. Here, we describe the first observations of tool use in two species of tropical wrasses—Halichoeres hortulanus (checkerboard wrasse) and Thalassoma jansenii (Jansen’s wrasse)—and the first report of tool use from the wild for the wrasse Thalassoma lunare (Moon wrasse). These observations were made incidentally as part of size-specific predation assays for a small burrow-dwelling sea urchin (Echinostrephus molaris) in the Lakshadweep Archipelago, Indian Ocean. We documented multiple instances of anvil use by the wrasses H. hortulanus, and T. jansenii, and one instance of anvil use by T. lunare. All three species were recorded carrying the assay urchins to a nearby coral or benthic substrate and striking them repeatedly to break off their spines and crack their tests before consuming them. The behaviour was observed multiple times in different wrasse individuals. Also, sea urchin test size was a good predictor of the size of the fish that preyed on them. As naturalists spend more time observing fish in their natural environment, records of tool use in fish are increasing. Often these observations are incidental, yet documenting them carefully is critical, so we can ask larger questions about the evolution and development of animal intelligence. This study adds to observations of predation-associated tool use by fishes expanding reports of this behaviour taxonomically as well as geographically.
Author Nair, Radhika
Jaishankar, Siddhi
Arthur, Rohan
Alcoverro, Teresa
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Cites_doi 10.1007/s00338-016-1448-6
10.1007/BF00372827
10.1002/ece3.8789
10.1371/journal.pone.0184679
10.1111/maec.12727
10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60157-6
10.1007/s00338-011-0790-y
10.1098/rstb.2012.0424
10.1002/zoo.20307
10.3354/meps208229
10.1111/1365-2656.12637
10.1111/jfb.12856
10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.09.028
10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00451.x
10.1038/nmeth.2089
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright The Author(s), under exclusive licence to International Coral Reef Society (ICRS) 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
Copyright_xml – notice: The Author(s), under exclusive licence to International Coral Reef Society (ICRS) 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
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DunnRPTool use by a temperate wrasse, California sheephead Semicossyphus pulcherJ Fish Biol20168828058101:STN:280:DC%2BC28rjvVylug%3D%3D10.1111/jfb.1285626693945
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PaśkoŁTool-like behavior in the sixbar wrasse, Thalassoma hardwicke (Bennett, 1830)Zoo Biol201029676777310.1002/zoo.2030720095003
JonesAMBrownCGardnerSTool use in the tuskfish Choerodon schoenleinii?Coral Reefs201130386510.1007/s00338-011-0790-y
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ScharfFSJuanesFRountreeRAPredator size - prey size relationships of marine fish predators: interspecific variation and effects of ontogeny and body size on trophic-niche breadthMar Ecol Prog Ser200020822924810.3354/meps208229
BeckBBAnimal tool behavior: the use and manufacture of tools1980New YorkGarland STPM Press
St AmantRHortonTERevisiting the definition of animal tool useAnim Behav20087541199120810.1016/j.anbehav.2007.09.028
FrickeHWFische als Feinde tropischer SeeigelMar Biol19719432833810.1007/BF00372827
MihalitsisMBellwoodDRA morphological and functional basis for maximum prey size in piscivorous fishesPLoS ONE20171291191:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXosVygs7o%3D10.1371/journal.pone.0184679
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Ł Paśko (2467_CR14) 2010; 29
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C Brown (2467_CR2) 2012; 13
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RP Dunn (2467_CR6) 2016; 88
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AR Coghlan (2467_CR3) 2022; 12
JA Coyer (2467_CR4) 1995; 57
AM Jones (2467_CR10) 2011; 30
FS Scharf (2467_CR16) 2000; 208
JC Dunic (2467_CR5) 2017; 86
CA Schneider (2467_CR25) 2012; 9
R St Amant (2467_CR17) 2008; 75
KJ Pryor (2467_CR15) 2022; 43
HW Fricke (2467_CR7) 1971; 9
References_xml – reference: PaśkoŁTool-like behavior in the sixbar wrasse, Thalassoma hardwicke (Bennett, 1830)Zoo Biol201029676777310.1002/zoo.2030720095003
– reference: St AmantRHortonTERevisiting the definition of animal tool useAnim Behav20087541199120810.1016/j.anbehav.2007.09.028
– reference: BeckBBAnimal tool behavior: the use and manufacture of tools1980New YorkGarland STPM Press
– reference: SchneiderCARasbandWSEliceiriKWNIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysisNat Methods2012976716751:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtVKntb7P10.1038/nmeth.2089229308345554542
– reference: BrownCTool use in fishesFish Fish201213110511510.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00451.x
– reference: FrickeHWFische als Feinde tropischer SeeigelMar Biol19719432833810.1007/BF00372827
– reference: CoghlanARBlanchardJLHeatherFJStuart-SmithRDEdgarGJAudzijonyteACommunity size structure varies with predator–prey size relationships and temperature across Australian reefsEcol Evol202212412310.1002/ece3.8789
– reference: HarborneARTholanBATool use by Choerodon cyanodus when handling vertebrate preyCoral Reefs2016353106910.1007/s00338-016-1448-6
– reference: Mann J, Patterson EM (2013) Tool use by aquatic animals. Philos Trans Roy Soc B Biol Sci 368(1630). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0424
– reference: ScharfFSJuanesFRountreeRAPredator size - prey size relationships of marine fish predators: interspecific variation and effects of ontogeny and body size on trophic-niche breadthMar Ecol Prog Ser200020822924810.3354/meps208229
– reference: DunnRPTool use by a temperate wrasse, California sheephead Semicossyphus pulcherJ Fish Biol20168828058101:STN:280:DC%2BC28rjvVylug%3D%3D10.1111/jfb.1285626693945
– reference: PryorKJTool use by the orange wrasse Pseudolabrus luculentus and doubleheader Coris bulbifronsMar Ecol20224361710.1111/maec.12727
– reference: JonesAMBrownCGardnerSTool use in the tuskfish Choerodon schoenleinii?Coral Reefs201130386510.1007/s00338-011-0790-y
– reference: MihalitsisMBellwoodDRA morphological and functional basis for maximum prey size in piscivorous fishesPLoS ONE20171291191:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXosVygs7o%3D10.1371/journal.pone.0184679
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Snippet Over the past few decades, tool use has been described in a variety of animals across taxa. However, there are relatively limited reports and studies of tool...
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SubjectTerms Anvils
Archipelagoes
Benthos
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Fish
Freshwater & Marine Ecology
Halichoeres
Halichoeres hortulanus
Interspecific relationships
Life Sciences
Marine environment
Marine fish
Marine fishes
Marine invertebrates
Natural environment
Oceanography
Predation
Spines
Substrates
Thalassoma jansenii
Thalassoma lunare
Tool use
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Title Anvil use by three wrasse species: Halichoeres hortulanus, Thalassoma jansenii, and Thalassoma lunare
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