Two for the Price of One
Schofield asserts that physicists need to come up with theories that explain unexpected energy changes during quantum-phase transitions. Quantum phase transitions have moved in recent years from mere theoretical curiosities to subjects of intense experimental and theoretical interest.
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| Published in | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 315; no. 5814; pp. 945 - 946 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington
American Association for the Advancement of Science
16.02.2007
The American Association for the Advancement of Science |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0036-8075 1095-9203 |
| DOI | 10.1126/science.1139335 |
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| Abstract | Schofield asserts that physicists need to come up with theories that explain unexpected energy changes during quantum-phase transitions. Quantum phase transitions have moved in recent years from mere theoretical curiosities to subjects of intense experimental and theoretical interest. |
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| AbstractList | Schofield asserts that physicists need to come up with theories that explain unexpected energy changes during quantum-phase transitions. Quantum phase transitions have moved in recent years from mere theoretical curiosities to subjects of intense experimental and theoretical interest. Physicists need to come up with theories that explain unexpected energy changes during quantum-phase transitions. Phase transitions are all around us, whether we boil a kettle or make some ice--changing the temperature drives matter from one form into another at a characteristic transition temperature. It can be an abrupt change like ice forming, or it can be smooth like the growth of magnetism in iron as the temperature drops below 770C. Despite the rich variety of such transitions, we have known since the 1960s that there is a unifying principle that groups together the smooth or continuous transitions into a small number of "universality classes". What distinguishes between the classes is related to the energy difference between the two phases. This energy difference defines a single energy scale that vanishes as the transition point is reached (that is, it becomes easier for one phase to change into the other). The particular way this single energy scale vanishes is enough to characterize each universality class of transition. This concept of a single energy scale was expected to be valid even for so-called quantum phase transitions, which are induced by changing pressure, magnetic field, or composition for a material held at absolute zero temperature. However, low-temperature studies by Gegenwart et al. on a metallic magnet reported on page 969 of this issue demonstrate a serious failure of our understanding. They find not one, but two energy scales vanishing at a quantum transition. |
| Author | Schofield, Andrew J. |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1017/CBO9780511813467 10.1126/science.1136020 10.1016/0378-4363(77)90190-5 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.246405 10.1038/27838 10.1103/RevModPhys.78.743 10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.626 10.1103/RevModPhys.73.797 10.1103/PhysRevB.69.035111 10.1126/science.1091806 10.1088/0953-8984/13/35/202 10.1103/PhysRevB.14.1165 10.1038/nature03279 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.7183 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.115103 |
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| Copyright | Copyright 2007 American Association for the Advancement of Science Copyright American Association for the Advancement of Science Feb 16, 2007 |
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| DOI | 10.1126/science.1139335 |
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| Snippet | Physicists need to come up with theories that explain unexpected energy changes during quantum-phase transitions. Schofield asserts that physicists need to come up with theories that explain unexpected energy changes during quantum-phase transitions. Quantum phase... Phase transitions are all around us, whether we boil a kettle or make some ice--changing the temperature drives matter from one form into another at a... |
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| SubjectTerms | Absolute zero Critical points Electrons Energy Iron Kettles Magnetic fields Magnetism Magnets Materials Perspectives Phase transformations Phase transitions Physics Quantum theory Transition points Transition temperature Universality |
| Title | Two for the Price of One |
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