Ramp thickness and ion heating in 1D simulations of laminar quasi-perpendicular shocks
One‐dimensional hybrid simulations are used to investigate the effect of the shock ramp's width on the heating of the transmitted ions at low Mach number nearly perpendicular shocks. The suitability of the hybrid code for such a study is established by considering the correlation between precur...
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| Published in | Geophysical research letters Vol. 24; no. 17; pp. 2259 - 2262 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington, DC
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.09.1997
American Geophysical Union |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0094-8276 1944-8007 |
| DOI | 10.1029/97GL02095 |
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| Abstract | One‐dimensional hybrid simulations are used to investigate the effect of the shock ramp's width on the heating of the transmitted ions at low Mach number nearly perpendicular shocks. The suitability of the hybrid code for such a study is established by considering the correlation between precursor wavelength and ramp thickness as a function of θBn, the angle between the upstream magnetic field and upstream‐pointing shock normal. The simulated shocks are found to preserve their dispersive character at geometries close to perpendicular, becoming rapidly narrower as θBn approaches 90°. The effect of shock thickness on the transmitted ions is examined by comparing their heating at three shocks with θBn = 83°, 86° and 88°, respectively, which are successively thinner by a factor of 2. The results are discussed in the light of recent theoretical studies on the subject. |
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| AbstractList | One‐dimensional hybrid simulations are used to investigate the effect of the shock ramp's width on the heating of the transmitted ions at low Mach number nearly perpendicular shocks. The suitability of the hybrid code for such a study is established by considering the correlation between precursor wavelength and ramp thickness as a function of
θ
Bn
, the angle between the upstream magnetic field and upstream‐pointing shock normal. The simulated shocks are found to preserve their dispersive character at geometries close to perpendicular, becoming rapidly narrower as
θ
Bn
approaches 90°. The effect of shock thickness on the transmitted ions is examined by comparing their heating at three shocks with
θ
Bn
= 83°, 86° and 88°, respectively, which are successively thinner by a factor of 2. The results are discussed in the light of recent theoretical studies on the subject. One‐dimensional hybrid simulations are used to investigate the effect of the shock ramp's width on the heating of the transmitted ions at low Mach number nearly perpendicular shocks. The suitability of the hybrid code for such a study is established by considering the correlation between precursor wavelength and ramp thickness as a function of θBn, the angle between the upstream magnetic field and upstream‐pointing shock normal. The simulated shocks are found to preserve their dispersive character at geometries close to perpendicular, becoming rapidly narrower as θBn approaches 90°. The effect of shock thickness on the transmitted ions is examined by comparing their heating at three shocks with θBn = 83°, 86° and 88°, respectively, which are successively thinner by a factor of 2. The results are discussed in the light of recent theoretical studies on the subject. |
| Author | Wilkinson, William P. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: William P. surname: Wilkinson fullname: Wilkinson, William P. organization: Department of Physics, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, UK |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1029/JA089iA04p02151 10.1029/JA080i004p00502 10.1029/96GL01108 10.1029/96JA00924 10.1029/91JA01646 10.1029/GL009i010p01171 10.1029/GL013i003p00209 10.1029/93JA00958 10.1029/JA080i004p00515 10.1029/JA094iA07p08783 10.1016/0032-0633(71)90011-0 10.1029/JA090iA01p00137 10.1029/GL013i006p00561 10.1029/JA095iA05p06337 10.1029/96JA00982 |
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| Keywords | Theoretical study Ion heating Numerical simulation Magnetospheric shock wave Collisionless plasma One dimensional model |
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| References | Karpman, V. I., Structure of the shock front propagating at an angle to the magnetic field in a low-density plasma, Soviet Phys. Tech. Phys., Engl. Transl., 8, 715, 1964 Mellott, M. M.E. W. Greenstadt, The structure of oblique subcritical bow shocks, ISEE-1,2 observations, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 2151, 1984 Farris, M. H.C. T. RussellM. F. Thomsen, Magnetic structure of the low beta, quasi-perpendicular shock, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 15285, 1993 Lee, L. C.C. S. WuX. W. Hu, Increase of ion kinetic temperature across a collisionless shock, 1. a new mechanism, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 209, 1986 Sckopke, N.G. PaschmannA. L. BrincaC. W. CarlsonH. Luhr, Ion thermalisation in quasi-perpendicular shocks involving reflected ions, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 6337, 1990 Greenstadt, E. W.C. T. RussellF. L. ScarfV. FormisanoM. Neugebauer, Structure of the quasi-perpendicular laminar bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 502, 1975 Burgess, D.W. P. WilkinsonS. J. Schwartz, Ion distributions and thermalization at perpendicular and quasiperpendicular supercritical collisionless shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 8783, 1989 Russell, C. T.M. M. HoppeW. A. LiveseyJ. T. GoslingS. J. Bame, ISEE-1 and -2 observations of laminar bow shocks: velocity and tickness, Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 1171, 1982 Winske, D.N. Omidi, A nonspecialist's guide to kinetic simulations of space plasmas, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 17287, 1996 Balikhin, M. A.W. P. Wilkinson, Ion heating within the ramp of quasi-perpendicular subcritical collisionless shocks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1063, 1996 Wilkinson, W. P., Ion kinetic processes and thermalisation at quasi-perpendicular low Mach number shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 17675, 1991 Thomsen, M. F.J. T. GoslingS. J. BameM. M. Mellott, Ion and electron heating at collisionless shocks near the critical Mach number, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 137, 1985 Winske, D.J. T. GoslingM. F. Thomsen, Comment on increase of ion kinetic temperature across a collisionless shock by L. C. Lee et al. Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 561, 1986 Formisano, V.P. C. HedgecockG. MorenoJ. SearD. Bollea, Observations of earth's bow shock for low Mach numbers, Planet. Space Sci., 19, 1519, 1971 Fairfield, D. H.W. C. Feldman, Standing waves at low Mach number laminar bow shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 515, 1975 Gedalin, M., Transmitted ions and ion heating in nearly perpendicular low-Mach number shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15569, 1996 1990; 95 1989; 94 1971; 19 1964; 8 1991; 96 1993; 98 1986; 13 1984; 89 1982; 9 1985; 90 1996; 101 1996; 23 1975; 80 Karpman V. I. (e_1_2_1_9_1) 1964; 8 e_1_2_1_7_1 e_1_2_1_8_1 e_1_2_1_5_1 e_1_2_1_6_1 e_1_2_1_3_1 e_1_2_1_12_1 e_1_2_1_4_1 e_1_2_1_13_1 e_1_2_1_10_1 e_1_2_1_2_1 e_1_2_1_11_1 e_1_2_1_16_1 e_1_2_1_17_1 e_1_2_1_14_1 e_1_2_1_15_1 |
| References_xml | – reference: Mellott, M. M.E. W. Greenstadt, The structure of oblique subcritical bow shocks, ISEE-1,2 observations, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 2151, 1984 – reference: Farris, M. H.C. T. RussellM. F. Thomsen, Magnetic structure of the low beta, quasi-perpendicular shock, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 15285, 1993 – reference: Karpman, V. I., Structure of the shock front propagating at an angle to the magnetic field in a low-density plasma, Soviet Phys. Tech. Phys., Engl. Transl., 8, 715, 1964 – reference: Lee, L. C.C. S. WuX. W. Hu, Increase of ion kinetic temperature across a collisionless shock, 1. a new mechanism, Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 209, 1986 – reference: Russell, C. T.M. M. HoppeW. A. LiveseyJ. T. GoslingS. J. Bame, ISEE-1 and -2 observations of laminar bow shocks: velocity and tickness, Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 1171, 1982 – reference: Fairfield, D. H.W. C. Feldman, Standing waves at low Mach number laminar bow shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 515, 1975 – reference: Balikhin, M. A.W. P. Wilkinson, Ion heating within the ramp of quasi-perpendicular subcritical collisionless shocks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1063, 1996 – reference: Formisano, V.P. C. HedgecockG. MorenoJ. SearD. Bollea, Observations of earth's bow shock for low Mach numbers, Planet. Space Sci., 19, 1519, 1971 – reference: Winske, D.N. Omidi, A nonspecialist's guide to kinetic simulations of space plasmas, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 17287, 1996 – reference: Gedalin, M., Transmitted ions and ion heating in nearly perpendicular low-Mach number shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15569, 1996 – reference: Wilkinson, W. P., Ion kinetic processes and thermalisation at quasi-perpendicular low Mach number shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 17675, 1991 – reference: Winske, D.J. T. GoslingM. F. Thomsen, Comment on increase of ion kinetic temperature across a collisionless shock by L. C. Lee et al. Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 561, 1986 – reference: Thomsen, M. F.J. T. GoslingS. J. BameM. M. Mellott, Ion and electron heating at collisionless shocks near the critical Mach number, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 137, 1985 – reference: Burgess, D.W. P. WilkinsonS. J. Schwartz, Ion distributions and thermalization at perpendicular and quasiperpendicular supercritical collisionless shocks, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 8783, 1989 – reference: Greenstadt, E. W.C. T. RussellF. L. ScarfV. FormisanoM. Neugebauer, Structure of the quasi-perpendicular laminar bow shock, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 502, 1975 – reference: Sckopke, N.G. PaschmannA. L. BrincaC. W. CarlsonH. Luhr, Ion thermalisation in quasi-perpendicular shocks involving reflected ions, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 6337, 1990 – volume: 101 start-page: 15569 year: 1996 article-title: Transmitted ions and ion heating in nearly perpendicular low‐Mach number shocks publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – volume: 9 start-page: 1171 year: 1982 article-title: ISEE–1 and –2 observations of laminar bow shocks: velocity and tickness publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett. – volume: 23 start-page: 1063 year: 1996 article-title: Ion heating within the ramp of quasi‐perpendicular subcritical collisionless shocks publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett. – volume: 89 start-page: 2151 year: 1984 article-title: The structure of oblique subcritical bow shocks, ISEE–1,2 observations publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – volume: 13 start-page: 209 year: 1986 article-title: Increase of ion kinetic temperature across a collisionless shock, 1. a new mechanism publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett. – volume: 80 start-page: 515 year: 1975 article-title: Standing waves at low Mach number laminar bow shocks publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – volume: 13 start-page: 561 year: 1986 article-title: Comment on increase of ion kinetic temperature across a collisionless shock by L. C. Lee et al. publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett. – volume: 90 start-page: 137 year: 1985 article-title: Ion and electron heating at collisionless shocks near the critical Mach number publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – volume: 101 start-page: 17287 year: 1996 article-title: A nonspecialist's guide to kinetic simulations of space plasmas publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – volume: 94 start-page: 8783 year: 1989 article-title: Ion distributions and thermalization at perpendicular and quasiperpendicular supercritical collisionless shocks publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – volume: 19 start-page: 1519 year: 1971 article-title: Observations of earth's bow shock for low Mach numbers publication-title: Planet. Space Sci. – volume: 98 start-page: 15285 year: 1993 article-title: Magnetic structure of the low beta, quasi‐perpendicular shock publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – volume: 8 start-page: 715 year: 1964 article-title: Structure of the shock front propagating at an angle to the magnetic field in a low‐density plasma publication-title: Soviet Phys. Tech. Phys., Engl. Transl. – volume: 95 start-page: 6337 year: 1990 article-title: Ion thermalisation in quasi‐perpendicular shocks involving reflected ions publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – volume: 80 start-page: 502 year: 1975 article-title: Structure of the quasi‐perpendicular laminar bow shock publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – volume: 96 start-page: 17675 year: 1991 article-title: Ion kinetic processes and thermalisation at quasi‐perpendicular low Mach number shocks publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – ident: e_1_2_1_11_1 doi: 10.1029/JA089iA04p02151 – ident: e_1_2_1_8_1 doi: 10.1029/JA080i004p00502 – ident: e_1_2_1_2_1 doi: 10.1029/96GL01108 – ident: e_1_2_1_7_1 doi: 10.1029/96JA00924 – ident: e_1_2_1_15_1 doi: 10.1029/91JA01646 – volume: 8 start-page: 715 year: 1964 ident: e_1_2_1_9_1 article-title: Structure of the shock front propagating at an angle to the magnetic field in a low‐density plasma publication-title: Soviet Phys. Tech. Phys., Engl. Transl. – ident: e_1_2_1_12_1 doi: 10.1029/GL009i010p01171 – ident: e_1_2_1_10_1 doi: 10.1029/GL013i003p00209 – ident: e_1_2_1_5_1 doi: 10.1029/93JA00958 – ident: e_1_2_1_4_1 doi: 10.1029/JA080i004p00515 – ident: e_1_2_1_3_1 doi: 10.1029/JA094iA07p08783 – ident: e_1_2_1_6_1 doi: 10.1016/0032-0633(71)90011-0 – ident: e_1_2_1_14_1 doi: 10.1029/JA090iA01p00137 – ident: e_1_2_1_16_1 doi: 10.1029/GL013i006p00561 – ident: e_1_2_1_13_1 doi: 10.1029/JA095iA05p06337 – ident: e_1_2_1_17_1 doi: 10.1029/96JA00982 |
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| SubjectTerms | Earth, ocean, space Exact sciences and technology External geophysics Interaction between magnetosphere and interplanetary space Physics of the magnetosphere |
| Title | Ramp thickness and ion heating in 1D simulations of laminar quasi-perpendicular shocks |
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