Differential evolution algorithm and artificial neural network surrogate model for functionally graded material homogenization and design

In this paper, the differential evolution (DE) algorithm is employed to design functionally graded materials (FGMs). The design problem is formulated as a constrained optimization, where the objective function represents the global requirements of the macroscopic boundary value problem (BVPm), and t...

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Published inComposite structures Vol. 362; p. 119041
Main Authors Wojciechowski, Marek, Lefik, Marek, Boso, Daniela P.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Ltd 15.06.2025
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0263-8223
DOI10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119041

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Abstract In this paper, the differential evolution (DE) algorithm is employed to design functionally graded materials (FGMs). The design problem is formulated as a constrained optimization, where the objective function represents the global requirements of the macroscopic boundary value problem (BVPm), and the constraints account for the feasibility (or manufacturability) of the generic microstructure. During optimization, the local constitutive behavior of the material, such as the components of the anisotropic effective stiffness tensor, is derived using homogenization theory, which involves solving the microscopic boundary value problem (BVPµ). Both the macro and micro problems are solved using the finite element method. To accelerate computations, artificial neural networks (ANNs), trained with pre-computed homogenization data, are used as a surrogate homogenization model for the FGM optimization process. The examples presented demonstrate that using ANNs can reduce the optimization effort by several orders of magnitude, even when accounting for the computational cost of database preparation and ANN training. The proposed approach for designing FGMs has proven to be both efficient and reliable for the considered generic microstructure and example global problems. Moreover, the method is general enough to be applied to more complex microstructures and diverse global requirements.
AbstractList In this paper, the differential evolution (DE) algorithm is employed to design functionally graded materials (FGMs). The design problem is formulated as a constrained optimization, where the objective function represents the global requirements of the macroscopic boundary value problem (BVPm), and the constraints account for the feasibility (or manufacturability) of the generic microstructure. During optimization, the local constitutive behavior of the material, such as the components of the anisotropic effective stiffness tensor, is derived using homogenization theory, which involves solving the microscopic boundary value problem (BVPµ). Both the macro and micro problems are solved using the finite element method. To accelerate computations, artificial neural networks (ANNs), trained with pre-computed homogenization data, are used as a surrogate homogenization model for the FGM optimization process. The examples presented demonstrate that using ANNs can reduce the optimization effort by several orders of magnitude, even when accounting for the computational cost of database preparation and ANN training. The proposed approach for designing FGMs has proven to be both efficient and reliable for the considered generic microstructure and example global problems. Moreover, the method is general enough to be applied to more complex microstructures and diverse global requirements.
ArticleNumber 119041
Author Lefik, Marek
Wojciechowski, Marek
Boso, Daniela P.
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  organization: Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Keywords Computational Homogenization
Functionally Graded Material
Artificial Neural Network
Constrained Optimization
Differential Evolution
Micro-Macro Approach
Language English
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Snippet In this paper, the differential evolution (DE) algorithm is employed to design functionally graded materials (FGMs). The design problem is formulated as a...
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Publisher
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SubjectTerms Artificial Neural Network
Computational Homogenization
Constrained Optimization
Differential Evolution
Functionally Graded Material
Micro-Macro Approach
Title Differential evolution algorithm and artificial neural network surrogate model for functionally graded material homogenization and design
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119041
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