Wide-Area Frequency Monitoring Network (FNET) Architecture and Applications

Recent developments in smart grid technology have spawned interest in the use of phasor measurement units to help create a reliable power system transmission and distribution infrastructure. Wide-area monitoring systems (WAMSs) utilizing synchrophasor measurements can help with understanding, foreca...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inIEEE transactions on smart grid Vol. 1; no. 2; pp. 159 - 167
Main Authors Yingchen Zhang, Markham, P, Tao Xia, Lang Chen, Yanzhu Ye, Zhongyu Wu, Zhiyong Yuan, Lei Wang, Bank, J, Burgett, J, Conners, R W, Yilu Liu
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published IEEE 01.09.2010
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1949-3053
1949-3061
DOI10.1109/TSG.2010.2050345

Cover

Abstract Recent developments in smart grid technology have spawned interest in the use of phasor measurement units to help create a reliable power system transmission and distribution infrastructure. Wide-area monitoring systems (WAMSs) utilizing synchrophasor measurements can help with understanding, forecasting, or even controlling the status of power grid stability in real-time. A power system frequency monitoring network (FNET) was first proposed in 2001 and was established in 2004. As a pioneering WAMS, it serves the entire North American power grid through advanced situational awareness techniques, such as real-time event alerts, accurate event location estimation, animated event visualization, and post event analysis. Several papers published in the past several years discussed the FNET structure and its functionality. This paper presents some of the latest implementations of FNET's applications, which add significant capacities to this system for observing power system problems.
AbstractList Recent developments in smart grid technology have spawned interest in the use of phasor measurement units to help create a reliable power system transmission and distribution infrastructure. Wide-area monitoring systems (WAMSs) utilizing synchrophasor measurements can help with understanding, forecasting, or even controlling the status of power grid stability in real-time. A power system frequency monitoring network (FNET) was first proposed in 2001 and was established in 2004. As a pioneering WAMS, it serves the entire North American power grid through advanced situational awareness techniques, such as real-time event alerts, accurate event location estimation, animated event visualization, and post event analysis. Several papers published in the past several years discussed the FNET structure and its functionality. This paper presents some of the latest implementations of FNET's applications, which add significant capacities to this system for observing power system problems.
Author Markham, P
Yanzhu Ye
Yilu Liu
Lei Wang
Lang Chen
Burgett, J
Zhongyu Wu
Yingchen Zhang
Bank, J
Zhiyong Yuan
Tao Xia
Conners, R W
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  surname: Yingchen Zhang
  fullname: Yingchen Zhang
  email: yczhang@vt.edu
  organization: Bradley Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Virginia Polytech. Inst. & State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: P
  surname: Markham
  fullname: Markham, P
  email: markham@utk.edu
  organization: Min H. Kao Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
– sequence: 3
  surname: Tao Xia
  fullname: Tao Xia
  email: xiat@vt.edu
  organization: Bradley Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Virginia Polytech. Inst. & State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA
– sequence: 4
  surname: Lang Chen
  fullname: Lang Chen
  email: lchen20@utk.edu
  organization: Min H. Kao Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
– sequence: 5
  surname: Yanzhu Ye
  fullname: Yanzhu Ye
  email: yye2@utk.edu
  organization: Min H. Kao Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
– sequence: 6
  surname: Zhongyu Wu
  fullname: Zhongyu Wu
  email: zywu@vt.edu
  organization: Bradley Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Virginia Polytech. Inst. & State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA
– sequence: 7
  surname: Zhiyong Yuan
  fullname: Zhiyong Yuan
  email: yuanzy97@gmail.com
  organization: Bradley Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Virginia Polytech. Inst. & State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA
– sequence: 8
  surname: Lei Wang
  fullname: Lei Wang
  email: lewangl@vt.edu
  organization: Bradley Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Virginia Polytech. Inst. & State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA
– sequence: 9
  givenname: J
  surname: Bank
  fullname: Bank, J
  email: jbank@vt.edu
  organization: Bradley Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Virginia Polytech. Inst. & State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA
– sequence: 10
  givenname: J
  surname: Burgett
  fullname: Burgett, J
  email: jburgett@vt.edu
  organization: Bradley Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Virginia Polytech. Inst. & State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA
– sequence: 11
  givenname: R W
  surname: Conners
  fullname: Conners, R W
  email: rconners@vt.edu
  organization: Bradley Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Virginia Polytech. Inst. & State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA
– sequence: 12
  surname: Yilu Liu
  fullname: Yilu Liu
  email: liu@utk.edu
  organization: Min H. Kao Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
BookMark eNp9kE1PAjEQQBuDiYjcTbzsUQ-L0-0H9LghgEbEgxiPm247q1XsYrfE8O9dhHjw4FxmJpk3M3mnpONrj4ScUxhQCup6-TgbZNB2GQhgXByRLlVcpQwk7fzWgp2QftO8QRuMMZmpLrl7dhbTPKBOpgE_N-jNNrmvvYt1cP4lWWD8qsN7cjldTJZXSR7Mq4to4iZgor1N8vV65YyOrvbNGTmu9KrB_iH3yNN0shzfpPOH2e04n6cmkyymJauktlaNJOKwUqXCEkxmIBspJuwIhDBKKMVR0d2k5JpbTq1llZKitMB6BPZ7TaibJmBVrIP70GFbUCh2PorWR7HzURx8tIj8gxgXf76OQbvVf-DFHnSI-HtHCOB0OGTfqYduhw
CODEN ITSGBQ
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1002_ett_2682
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIM_2018_2803938
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijcip_2018_08_004
crossref_primary_10_1049_tje2_12068
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2013_2249595
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2018_08_014
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dcan_2023_01_009
crossref_primary_10_3390_en10091283
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2017_03_004
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2023_109004
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2023_109520
crossref_primary_10_1088_1757_899X_1019_1_012034
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2016_2528895
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2020_3030566
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2017_2659704
crossref_primary_10_3390_ejihpe11040099
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2016_1851
crossref_primary_10_3390_smartcities4010001
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2011_2160298
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2022_108606
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2015_2389659
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2022_3186208
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2019_2961004
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIFS_2014_2304838
crossref_primary_10_1061__ASCE_EY_1943_7897_0000473
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40565_018_0455_8
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2021_3078632
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2014_2319057
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIM_2013_2280474
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2015_02_013
crossref_primary_10_1145_3720543
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2022_108612
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11277_014_1972_z
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2018_2829743
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2021_3067213
crossref_primary_10_1109_JSYST_2019_2931879
crossref_primary_10_1109_COMST_2014_2341600
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2017_1100
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRD_2012_2198892
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2017_0375
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2016_01_012
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2014_2350913
crossref_primary_10_1109_TWC_2017_2750688
crossref_primary_10_1002_er_3377
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2011_2114374
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2015_0699
crossref_primary_10_1109_TII_2017_2757842
crossref_primary_10_5370_KIEE_2013_62_7_891
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2024_3404886
crossref_primary_10_3182_20120711_3_BE_2027_00240
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2012_2225851
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2016_2580581
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40565_018_0473_6
crossref_primary_10_1080_15325008_2015_1117538
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIM_2013_2242611
crossref_primary_10_1515_ijeeps_2012_0049
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIFS_2013_2265088
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40565_016_0225_4
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRD_2014_2315618
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2024_123209
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRD_2020_3047228
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2017_2707060
crossref_primary_10_1109_MSP_2012_2186763
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2019_2896327
crossref_primary_10_1002_tee_22366
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIFS_2018_2837645
crossref_primary_10_3390_app10103367
crossref_primary_10_1002_etep_1869
crossref_primary_10_1109_TII_2018_2873605
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2021_3112044
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2012_2227342
crossref_primary_10_3390_su13126953
crossref_primary_10_1049_hve2_12157
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2022_3218066
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2019_2942257
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apenergy_2024_123957
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2021_107349
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2014_2314116
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2020_106895
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2023_3312181
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2020_106500
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRD_2012_2218664
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2022_3179277
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2016_2588478
crossref_primary_10_1051_e3sconf_202018602004
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSTE_2014_2343794
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_comcom_2012_12_007
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2018_02_038
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2022_108245
crossref_primary_10_1109_MPOT_2013_2242211
crossref_primary_10_1002_2050_7038_13234
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2023_109892
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2015_2470648
crossref_primary_10_3390_en11010185
crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2024_3520901
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRD_2013_2295416
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2011_2173359
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2016_11_019
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2017_2785348
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2021_3088261
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2016_2549063
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijepes_2022_108937
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_gtd_2014_1013
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2012_2194519
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIM_2016_2562278
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRD_2011_2163737
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_est_2024_113862
crossref_primary_10_1049_joe_2017_0243
crossref_primary_10_3182_20140824_6_ZA_1003_00771
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRD_2015_2503734
crossref_primary_10_1080_01430750_2017_1399458
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2022_107968
crossref_primary_10_1109_JESTPE_2013_2284255
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_epsr_2023_109242
crossref_primary_10_1109_SURV_2011_101911_00087
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRD_2015_2478380
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2011_2118773
crossref_primary_10_1109_TCSII_2012_2220677
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13638_019_1492_3
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ifacol_2017_08_013
crossref_primary_10_1049_iet_stg_2018_0081
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2014_2343997
crossref_primary_10_1109_TII_2022_3178418
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2015_2407894
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2020_3043957
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPWRS_2013_2250531
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2023_3252468
crossref_primary_10_1109_LSP_2022_3189306
crossref_primary_10_1017_ATSIP_2015_9
Cites_doi 10.1109/81.678472
10.1109/PSCE.2009.4840097
10.1109/TPWRS.2005.857386
10.1109/PES.2007.385995
10.1109/9.471228
10.1109/TPWRD.2003.822957
10.1109/PES.2008.4596283
10.1109/PSCE.2006.296165
10.1109/PES.2006.1709542
10.1109/PES.2006.1709565
10.1109/TPAS.1981.316473
10.1109/PES.2007.385507
10.1109/PES.2007.385880
10.1109/PSCE.2009.4840130
10.1109/PSCE.2006.296291
10.1109/PESW.2001.917238
10.1109/THS.2007.370047
10.1109/PES.2006.1708904
10.1109/PSCE.2006.296163
10.1109/PSCE.2009.4840128
ContentType Journal Article
DBID 97E
RIA
RIE
AAYXX
CITATION
DOI 10.1109/TSG.2010.2050345
DatabaseName IEEE Xplore (IEEE)
IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
CrossRef
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: RIE
  name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 1949-3061
EndPage 167
ExternalDocumentID 10_1109_TSG_2010_2050345
5504177
Genre orig-research
GroupedDBID 0R~
4.4
5VS
6IK
97E
AAJGR
AARMG
AASAJ
AAWTH
ABAZT
ABQJQ
ABVLG
ACIWK
AENEX
AGQYO
AGSQL
AHBIQ
AKJIK
AKQYR
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ATWAV
BEFXN
BFFAM
BGNUA
BKEBE
BPEOZ
EBS
EJD
HZ~
IFIPE
IPLJI
JAVBF
M43
O9-
OCL
P2P
RIA
RIE
RNS
AAYXX
CITATION
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c263t-b3f6add986ee7f9b9eb0c2c028935d8055c95994e913f6a64a4d41dd3f965bd03
IEDL.DBID RIE
ISSN 1949-3053
IngestDate Wed Oct 01 03:10:57 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:11:09 EDT 2025
Tue Aug 26 17:10:22 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 2
Language English
License https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c263t-b3f6add986ee7f9b9eb0c2c028935d8055c95994e913f6a64a4d41dd3f965bd03
PageCount 9
ParticipantIDs ieee_primary_5504177
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSG_2010_2050345
crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_TSG_2010_2050345
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2010-Sept.
2010-9-00
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2010-09-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 09
  year: 2010
  text: 2010-Sept.
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationTitle IEEE transactions on smart grid
PublicationTitleAbbrev TSG
PublicationYear 2010
Publisher IEEE
Publisher_xml – name: IEEE
References ref13
phadke (ref2) 2008
xu (ref12) 2005; 11
ref15
ref14
ref11
shin (ref9) 0
ref10
ref1
ref17
ref19
ref18
(ref27) 2009
dong (ref21) 0
ref26
ref25
ref20
ref22
ref28
zuo (ref23) 0
ref8
ref7
ref4
ref3
ref6
ref5
zuo (ref16) 0
dong (ref24) 0
References_xml – ident: ref28
  doi: 10.1109/81.678472
– ident: ref4
  doi: 10.1109/PSCE.2009.4840097
– ident: ref6
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2005.857386
– ident: ref20
  doi: 10.1109/PES.2007.385995
– ident: ref3
  doi: 10.1109/9.471228
– ident: ref10
  doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2003.822957
– ident: ref22
  doi: 10.1109/PES.2008.4596283
– start-page: 1
  year: 0
  ident: ref23
  article-title: development of tva superpdc: phasor applications, tools, and event replay
  publication-title: Proc 2008 IEEE Power Eng Soc Gen Meet
– ident: ref14
  doi: 10.1109/PSCE.2006.296165
– start-page: 6
  year: 0
  ident: ref16
  article-title: off-line event filter for the wide area frequency measurements
  publication-title: Proc IEEE 2006 Power Eng Soc Gen Meet
– start-page: 4
  year: 2008
  ident: ref2
  publication-title: Synchronized Phasor Measurements and Their Applications
– start-page: 402
  year: 0
  ident: ref9
  article-title: Time-frequency analysis of power system disturbance signals for power quality
  publication-title: Proc 1999 IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting
– volume: 11
  start-page: 69
  year: 2005
  ident: ref12
  article-title: practical issues in frequency disturbance recorder design for wide-area monitoring
  publication-title: J Electr Power Qual Utilisation
– ident: ref15
  doi: 10.1109/PES.2006.1709542
– start-page: 1
  year: 0
  ident: ref21
  article-title: analysis of power system disturbances based on wide-area frequency measurements
  publication-title: Proc 2007 IEEE Power Eng Soc Gen Meet
– ident: ref18
  doi: 10.1109/PES.2006.1709565
– ident: ref1
  doi: 10.1109/TPAS.1981.316473
– ident: ref19
  doi: 10.1109/PES.2007.385507
– ident: ref11
  doi: 10.1109/PES.2007.385880
– start-page: 1
  year: 0
  ident: ref24
  article-title: monitoring power system disturbances at the distribution level
  publication-title: Proc 2008 IEEE Power Eng Soc Gen Meet
– ident: ref26
  doi: 10.1109/PSCE.2009.4840130
– ident: ref7
  doi: 10.1109/PSCE.2006.296291
– ident: ref5
  doi: 10.1109/PESW.2001.917238
– ident: ref8
  doi: 10.1109/THS.2007.370047
– ident: ref17
  doi: 10.1109/PES.2006.1708904
– year: 2009
  ident: ref27
  publication-title: Location determination of power system disturbances based on frequency responses of the system
– ident: ref13
  doi: 10.1109/PSCE.2006.296163
– ident: ref25
  doi: 10.1109/PSCE.2009.4840128
SSID ssj0000333629
Score 2.4548004
Snippet Recent developments in smart grid technology have spawned interest in the use of phasor measurement units to help create a reliable power system transmission...
SourceID crossref
ieee
SourceType Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 159
SubjectTerms Frequency
Frequency disturbance recorder (FDR)
frequency monitoring network (FNET)
global positioning system (GPS)
Monitoring
phasor measurement unit (PMU)
Phasor measurement units
Power grids
Power measurement
Power system analysis computing
Power system measurements
Power system reliability
Power system stability
Smart grids
synchrophasor
wide-area monitoring system (WAMS)
Title Wide-Area Frequency Monitoring Network (FNET) Architecture and Applications
URI https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5504177
Volume 1
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVIEE
  databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1949-3061
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000333629
  issn: 1949-3053
  databaseCode: RIE
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  providerName: IEEE
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3NS8MwFA_bTnrwa4rzixw8OLBb0qRpcyyyOhR3ccPdSvNREKWT0R30rzdpulJExFspLyW8l773kt8v7wFwbZJezammHgpzs0HJg9DLpB95QkcEZVJKoiu2xYxNF_RhGSw74La5C6O1rshnemQfKyxfreTGHpWNzYcpDsMu6Jpl5u5qNecpiBDji3kFIlML5wdki0oiPp4_3zsal2_rn9i7S60o1GqrUkWVZB88befjyCRvo00pRvLrR6nG_074AOzV6SWM3Xo4BB1dHIHdVtHBPnh8eVXai02yCJO1I1J_QvdrWwE4c8RweJPMJvMhjFtIA8wKBeMW5H0MFslkfjf16pYKnvQZKT1BcmY8Go-Y1mHOBdcCSV9auJEEKkJBIHnAjfE4tpKMZlRRrBTJOQuEQuQE9IpVoU8BVJQhhVmGs0gYb6ujMDNREGOumMIKkwEYb1WcyrreuG178Z5W-w7EU2OU1BolrY0yAMNmxIertfGHbN-qu5GrNX32--tzsONQf8sNuwC9cr3RlyaZKMVVtYq-AXh5xDQ
linkProvider IEEE
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV07T8MwED6VMgADr4IoTw8MVCKtXT8SjxWiFPpYaEW3KLEdCYEKQu0Avx47TqsIIcQWRefIunPu4e_zGeDSJr1GMsMCHGa2QMl4GCSqHQWpiShOlFLU5GyLkehN2MOUTytwvToLY4zJyWem6R5zLF-_qYXbKmvZDzMShmuwzm1VEfrTWqsdFUyp9cYyh5GZA_Q5XeKSWLbGj3eeyNV2HVDc6aVSHCpdrJLHle4ODJcz8nSSl-ZinjbV149mjf-d8i5sFwkm6vgVsQcVM9uHrVLbwRr0n561CTo2XUTdD0-l_kT-53YCaOSp4eiqO7odN1CnhDWgZKZRpwR6H8Ckezu-6QXFpQqBags6D1KaCevTZCSMCTOZSpNi1VYOcKRcR5hzJbm05pPESQqWMM2I1jSTgqca00Oozt5m5giQZgJrIhKSRKn1tyYKExsHCZFaaKIJrUNrqeJYFR3H3cUXr3FeeWAZW6PEzihxYZQ6NFYj3n23jT9ka07dK7lC08e_v76Ajd54OIgH96P-CWx6DoBjip1Cdf6xMGc2tZin5_mK-gb6T8eG
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wide-Area+Frequency+Monitoring+Network+%28FNET%29+Architecture+and+Applications&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+smart+grid&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yingchen&rft.au=Markham%2C+Penn&rft.au=Xia%2C+Tao&rft.au=Chen%2C+Lang&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.issn=1949-3053&rft.eissn=1949-3061&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.epage=167&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTSG.2010.2050345&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1109_TSG_2010_2050345
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1949-3053&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1949-3053&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1949-3053&client=summon