Onboard detection of railway axle bearing defects using envelope analysis of high frequency acoustic emission signals
Railway wheelsets consist of three main components; the wheel, axle and axle bearing. Faults can develop on any of the aforementioned components, but the most common are related to wheel and axle bearing damages. The continuous increase in train operating speeds means that failure of an axle bearing...
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| Published in | Case studies in nondestructive testing and evaluation Vol. 6; pp. 8 - 16 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
01.11.2016
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2214-6571 2214-6571 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002 |
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| Abstract | Railway wheelsets consist of three main components; the wheel, axle and axle bearing. Faults can develop on any of the aforementioned components, but the most common are related to wheel and axle bearing damages. The continuous increase in train operating speeds means that failure of an axle bearing can lead to very serious derailments, potentially causing human casualties, severe disruption in the operation of the network, damage to the tracks, unnecessary costs, and loss of confidence in rail transport by the general public. The rail industry has focused on the improvement of maintenance and online condition monitoring of rolling stock to reduce the probability of failure as much as possible. This paper discusses the results of onboard acoustic emission measurements carried out on freight wagons with artificially damaged axle bearings in Long Marston, UK. Acoustic emission signal envelope analysis has been applied as a means of effective tool to detect and evaluate the damage in the bearings considered in this study. From the results obtained it is safe to conclude that acoustic emission signal envelope analysis has the capability of detecting and evaluating faulty axle bearings along with their characteristic defect frequencies in the real-world conditions.
•The use of high-frequency acoustic emission for train axle bearing fault detection.•Onboard monitoring of railway axle bearings.•Application of envelope analysis for filtering the signal from random noise sources.•Field experiment and data analysis results.•The use of acoustic emission in monitoring rolling stock axle bearings has never been attempted previously.. |
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| AbstractList | Railway wheelsets consist of three main components; the wheel, axle and axle bearing. Faults can develop on any of the aforementioned components, but the most common are related to wheel and axle bearing damages. The continuous increase in train operating speeds means that failure of an axle bearing can lead to very serious derailments, potentially causing human casualties, severe disruption in the operation of the network, damage to the tracks, unnecessary costs, and loss of confidence in rail transport by the general public. The rail industry has focused on the improvement of maintenance and online condition monitoring of rolling stock to reduce the probability of failure as much as possible. This paper discusses the results of onboard acoustic emission measurements carried out on freight wagons with artificially damaged axle bearings in Long Marston, UK. Acoustic emission signal envelope analysis has been applied as a means of effective tool to detect and evaluate the damage in the bearings considered in this study. From the results obtained it is safe to conclude that acoustic emission signal envelope analysis has the capability of detecting and evaluating faulty axle bearings along with their characteristic defect frequencies in the real-world conditions.
•The use of high-frequency acoustic emission for train axle bearing fault detection.•Onboard monitoring of railway axle bearings.•Application of envelope analysis for filtering the signal from random noise sources.•Field experiment and data analysis results.•The use of acoustic emission in monitoring rolling stock axle bearings has never been attempted previously.. |
| Author | Amini, Arash Entezami, Mani Papaelias, Mayorkinos |
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| References | Bosso (br0080) 2012 Adams (br0090) 2000 Segla (br0110) 2012 Anastasopoulos (br0010) 2010 Papaelias (br0140) 2012 Papaelias (br0020) 2009 Yi (br0060) 2015; 15 Miettinen, Salmenpera (br0050) 2000 Kschischang (br0120) 2006 Huang (br0150) 2014 Bollas (br0130) 2010; 28 Bently (br0070) 2001; 22 Papaelias M, et al. Condition monitoring of oil and gas pumps and their driving equipment based on acoustic emission techniques, presented at the non-destructive testing conference, Blackpool. 2009. McFadden, Smith (br0100) 1984; 17 Tandon, Choudhury (br0040) 1999; 32 Anastasopoulos (10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0010) 2010 Bosso (10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0080) 2012 Papaelias (10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0020) 2009 Yi (10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0060) 2015; 15 Huang (10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0150) 2014 McFadden (10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0100) 1984; 17 Bollas (10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0130) 2010; 28 Segla (10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0110) 2012 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0030 Tandon (10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0040) 1999; 32 Papaelias (10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0140) 2012 Adams (10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0090) 2000 Bently (10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0070) 2001; 22 Miettinen (10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0050) 2000 Kschischang (10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0120) 2006 |
| References_xml | – start-page: 21 year: 2000 end-page: 30 ident: br0050 article-title: Acoustic emission monitoring of grease lubricated rolling bearings publication-title: 13th international congress on condition monitoring and diagnostic engineering management – year: 2010 ident: br0010 article-title: Acoustic emission on-line inspection of rail wheelset publication-title: European Working Group on Acoustic Emission – year: 2014 ident: br0150 article-title: Online evaluation of railway axle bearing faults using acoustic emission and vibration analysis publication-title: BINDT – volume: 17 start-page: 3 year: 1984 end-page: 10 ident: br0100 article-title: Vibration monitoring of rolling element bearings by the high-frequency resonance technique—a review publication-title: Tribol Int – volume: 15 start-page: 10991 year: 2015 end-page: 11011 ident: br0060 article-title: Faults diagnostics of railway axle bearings based on IMF's confidence index algorithm for ensemble EMD publication-title: Sensors – year: 2000 ident: br0090 article-title: Rotating machinery vibration: from analysis to troubleshooting – start-page: 78 year: 2012 end-page: 85 ident: br0080 article-title: A modular monitoring system for onboard vehicle diagnostic publication-title: Mater Eval – volume: 32 start-page: 469 year: 1999 end-page: 480 ident: br0040 article-title: A review of vibration and acoustic measurement methods for the detection of defects in rolling element bearings publication-title: Tribol Int – start-page: 580 year: 2012 end-page: 585 ident: br0110 article-title: Bearing fault diagnosis with an improved high frequency resonance technique publication-title: 2012 10th IEEE international conference on industrial informatics – year: 2006 ident: br0120 article-title: The Hilbert transform – volume: 28 start-page: 215 year: 2010 end-page: 228 ident: br0130 article-title: Acoustic emission inspection of rail wheels publication-title: J Acoust Emiss – reference: Papaelias M, et al. Condition monitoring of oil and gas pumps and their driving equipment based on acoustic emission techniques, presented at the non-destructive testing conference, Blackpool. 2009. – year: 2012 ident: br0140 article-title: Interoperable monitoring, diagnosis and maintenance strategies for axle bearings – year: 2009 ident: br0020 article-title: Effect of defective wheels on rail – volume: 22 start-page: 12 year: 2001 end-page: 25 ident: br0070 article-title: Rolling element bearing defect detection and diagnostics using REBAM publication-title: Orbit – volume: 28 start-page: 215 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0130 article-title: Acoustic emission inspection of rail wheels publication-title: J Acoust Emiss – start-page: 21 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0050 article-title: Acoustic emission monitoring of grease lubricated rolling bearings – year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0150 article-title: Online evaluation of railway axle bearing faults using acoustic emission and vibration analysis – volume: 32 start-page: 469 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0040 article-title: A review of vibration and acoustic measurement methods for the detection of defects in rolling element bearings publication-title: Tribol Int doi: 10.1016/S0301-679X(99)00077-8 – volume: 22 start-page: 12 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0070 article-title: Rolling element bearing defect detection and diagnostics using REBAM® probes publication-title: Orbit – year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0020 – start-page: 580 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0110 article-title: Bearing fault diagnosis with an improved high frequency resonance technique – volume: 15 start-page: 10991 year: 2015 ident: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0060 article-title: Faults diagnostics of railway axle bearings based on IMF's confidence index algorithm for ensemble EMD publication-title: Sensors doi: 10.3390/s150510991 – volume: 17 start-page: 3 year: 1984 ident: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0100 article-title: Vibration monitoring of rolling element bearings by the high-frequency resonance technique—a review publication-title: Tribol Int doi: 10.1016/0301-679X(84)90076-8 – year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0120 – year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0090 – year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0010 article-title: Acoustic emission on-line inspection of rail wheelset – start-page: 78 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0080 article-title: A modular monitoring system for onboard vehicle diagnostic publication-title: Mater Eval – ident: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0030 – year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.csndt.2016.06.002_br0140 |
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| Title | Onboard detection of railway axle bearing defects using envelope analysis of high frequency acoustic emission signals |
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