Coronary heart disease, hypertension, and angiotensinogen gene variants in indian opulation
Gene encoding components of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) have been implicated with the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Two variants of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene, M235T and T174M, have been shown to be associated with increased risk of hypertension. In the present study, we...
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| Published in | Journal of clinical laboratory analysis Vol. 17; no. 5; pp. 141 - 146 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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2003
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| ISSN | 0887-8013 1098-2825 |
| DOI | 10.1002/jcla.10084 |
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| Abstract | Gene encoding components of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) have been implicated with the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Two variants of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene, M235T and T174M, have been shown to be associated with increased risk of hypertension. In the present study, we examined the association of these two polymorphisms and their synergistic interaction with the angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) deletion homozygote genotype (D/D) on subjects with coronary heart disease (CHD) and hypertension. We studied 131 healthy individuals, 141 angiographically verified CHD patients, and 159 hypertensive subjects. The identification of the ACE and AGT gene polymorphisms was carried out using a PCR‐based restriction endonuclease digestion method. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the M235T and T174M variants between the two test groups and the control group. Association was also not seen when analysis was carried out in patients when subgrouped according to the extent of the severity of the disease. In addition, the risk was not restricted to subjects carrying the D allele of the ACE gene and T235T of AGT. M235T and T174M variants do not contribute to the increased risk of CHD or hypertension in the Indian population. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 17:141–146, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. |
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| AbstractList | Gene encoding components of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) have been implicated with the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Two variants of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene, M235T and T174M, have been shown to be associated with increased risk of hypertension. In the present study, we examined the association of these two polymorphisms and their synergistic interaction with the angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) deletion homozygote genotype (D/D) on subjects with coronary heart disease (CHD) and hypertension. We studied 131 healthy individuals, 141 angiographically verified CHD patients, and 159 hypertensive subjects. The identification of the ACE and AGT gene polymorphisms was carried out using a PCR‐based restriction endonuclease digestion method. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the M235T and T174M variants between the two test groups and the control group. Association was also not seen when analysis was carried out in patients when subgrouped according to the extent of the severity of the disease. In addition, the risk was not restricted to subjects carrying the D allele of the ACE gene and T235T of AGT. M235T and T174M variants do not contribute to the increased risk of CHD or hypertension in the Indian population. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 17:141–146, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. |
| Author | Nair, K.G. Dalal, J.J. Shalia, K.K. Ashavaid, T.F. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Research Laboratories, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Research Laboratories, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: K.G. surname: Nair fullname: Nair, K.G. organization: Research Laboratories, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India – sequence: 2 givenname: K.K. surname: Shalia fullname: Shalia, K.K. organization: Research Laboratories, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India – sequence: 3 givenname: T.F. surname: Ashavaid fullname: Ashavaid, T.F. email: dr_tashavaid@hindujahospital.com organization: Research Laboratories, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India – sequence: 4 givenname: J.J. surname: Dalal fullname: Dalal, J.J. organization: Research Laboratories, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1093/ajh/7.7.651 10.1016/S1047-2797(98)00060-X 10.1002/1098-2825(2000)14:5<230::AID-JCLA6>3.0.CO;2-U 10.1097/00000441-199811000-00011 10.1177/000331970105200403 10.1007/s004390050313 10.1016/S1047-2797(96)00105-6 10.1056/NEJM199406093302301 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1995.tb01158.x 10.1080/080370599438356 10.1093/nar/16.3.1215 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90275-H 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90115-9 10.1016/S0002-8703(97)70133-9 10.1161/01.HYP.24.5.591 10.1515/CCLM.2002.171 10.1172/JCI117803 10.1007/BF00210410 10.1515/CCLM.1998.108 10.1016/S0002-8703(99)70226-7 10.1097/00004872-199816010-00007 10.1016/S0895-7061(97)00483-4 10.1172/JCI117083 10.1097/00004872-199917010-00003 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)31662-4 10.1161/01.CIR.91.4.951 |
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| References | Ludwig EH, Boercki IB, Ellison RC, et al. Association between candidate loci in angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensinogen with coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction; the NHLBI Family Heart Study. Ann Epidemiol 1997;7:3-12. Suwazono Y, Kobayashi E, Sakurada I, Ohkubo Y, Nogawa K, Kido T. Association of the angiotensinogen gene (M235T, T174M) and the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (I/D) with blood pressure in Japanese workers. Blood Press 1999;8:23-28. Yang G, Merril DC, Thompson MW, et al. Functional expression of the human angiotensinogen gene in transgenic mice. J Biol Chem 1994;269:3247-3250. Jeunemaitre X, Ledru F, Battaglia S, et al. Genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system and angiographic extent and severity of coronary artery disease: the CORGENE Study. Hum Genet 1997;99:66-73. Morise T, Takeuchi Y, Takeda R. Rapid detection and prevalence of the variants of the angiotensinogen gene in patients with essential hypertension. J Intern Med 1995;237:175-180. Fornage M, Turner ST, Sing CF, Boerwinkle E. Variation at the M235T locus of the angiotensinogen gene and essential hypertension: a population-based case-control study from Rochester, Minnesota. Hum Genet 1995;96:295-300. Katsuya T, Koike G, Yee TW, et al. Association of angiotensinogen gene T235 variant with increased risk of coronary heart disease. Lancet 1995;345:1600-1603. Reinhardt D, Sigusch HH, Vogt SF, et al. A common variant of the angiotensinogen gene and the risk of coronary artery disease in German population. Pharmazie 2000;55:69-71. Ashavaid TF, Shalia KK, Nair KG, Dalal JJ. ACE and AT1R gene polymorphisms and hypertension in Indian population. J Clin Lab Anal 2000;14:230-237. Hata A, Namikawa C, Sasaki M, et al. Angiotensinogen as a risk factor for essential hypertension in Japan. J Clin Invest 1994;93:1285-1287. Bloem LJ, Manatunga AK, Tewksbury DA, Pratt JH. The serum angiotensinogen concentration and variants of the angiotensinogen gene in White and Black children. J Clin Invest 1995;95:948-953. Jeunemaitre X, Soubrier F, Kotelevtsev YV, et al. Molecular basis of human hypertension: role of angiotensinogen. Cell 1992;71:169-180. Nair KG, Ashavaid TF, Shalia KK, Dalal JJ. Angiotensin II type I receptor A/C1166 gene polymorphism and coronary artery disease [Abstract]. Indian Heart J 1999;51:601. Ishigami T, Umemura S, Iwamoto T, et al. Molecular variant of angiotensinogen gene is associated with coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation 1995;91:951-954. Rotimi C, Morrison L, Cooper R, et al. Angiotensinogen gene in human hypertension. Lack of an association of the 235T allele among African Americans. Hypertension 1994;24:591-594. Rutledge DR, Browe CS, Kubilis PS, Ross EA. Analysis of two variants of the angiotensinogen gene in essential hypertensive African-Americans. Am J Hypertens 1994;7:651-654. Joseph A, Nair KG, Ashavaid TF. Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism in coronary artery disease: the Indian scenario. Clin Chem Lab Med 1998;36:621-624. Tiret L, Blanc H, Ruidavets J, et al. Gene polymorphism of the renin-angiotensin system in relation to hypertension and parental history of myocardial infarction and stroke: the PEGASE Study. Projet d'Etude des Genes de l'Hypertension Arterielle Severe a moderee Essentielle. J Hypertens 1998;16:37-44. Fernandez-Llama P, Poch E, Oriola J, Boley A, Rivera F, Revert L. Angiotensinogen gene M235T and T174M polymorphisms in essential hypertension: relation with target organ damage. Am J Hypertens 1998;11:439-444. Winkelmann BR, Russ AP, Nauck M, et al. Angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism is associated with plasma angiotensinogen and cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J 1999;137:698-705. Niu T, Chen C, Yang J, et al. Blood pressure and the T174M and M235T polymorphisms of the angiotensinogen gene. Ann Epidemiol 1999;9:245-253. Ortega HE, Fernadez-Aceituno MA, Esparragon RFJ, et al. The involvement of the renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms in coronary heart disease. Rev Esp Cardiol 2002;55:92-99. Cong ND, Hamaguchi K, Saikawa J, Hara M, Sakata T. A polymorphism of angiotensinogen gene at codon 174 and coronary artery disease in Japanese subjects. Am J Med Sci 1998;316:339-344. Ashavaid TF, Shalia KK, Altaf AK, Todur SP, Nair KG, Nair SR. Gene polymorphism and coronary risk factors in Indian population. Clin Chem Lab Med 2002;40:975-985. Staessen JA, Kuznetsova T, Wang JG, Emelianov D, Vlietinck R, Fagard R. M235T angiotensinogen gene polymorphism and cardiovascular renal risk. J Hypertens 1999;17:9-17. Ichihara S, Yokota M, Fujimura T, et al. Lack of association between variants of the angiotensinogen gene and the risk of coronary artery disease in middle aged Japanese men. Am Heart J 1997;134:260-265. Gaillard-Sauchez I, Mattei MG, Claure E, Coronol P. Assignment by in situ hybridization of the angiotensinogen gene to chromosome band 1q4, the same region as the human renin gene. Hum Genet 1990;84:341-343. Caulfield M, Lavender P, Farrall M, et al. Linkage of the angiotensinogen gene to essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1629-1633. Petrovic D, Zorc M, Kanic V, Peterlin B. Interaction between gene polymorphisms of renin-angiotensin system and metabolic risk factors in premature myocardial infarction. Angiology 2001;52:247-252. Miller SA, Dykes DD, Polesky HF. A simple salting out procedure for extraction of DNA from human nucleated cells. 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| References_xml | – reference: Ludwig EH, Boercki IB, Ellison RC, et al. Association between candidate loci in angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensinogen with coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction; the NHLBI Family Heart Study. Ann Epidemiol 1997;7:3-12. – reference: Jeunemaitre X, Ledru F, Battaglia S, et al. Genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system and angiographic extent and severity of coronary artery disease: the CORGENE Study. Hum Genet 1997;99:66-73. – reference: Jeunemaitre X, Soubrier F, Kotelevtsev YV, et al. Molecular basis of human hypertension: role of angiotensinogen. Cell 1992;71:169-180. – reference: Staessen JA, Kuznetsova T, Wang JG, Emelianov D, Vlietinck R, Fagard R. M235T angiotensinogen gene polymorphism and cardiovascular renal risk. J Hypertens 1999;17:9-17. – reference: Joseph A, Nair KG, Ashavaid TF. Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism in coronary artery disease: the Indian scenario. Clin Chem Lab Med 1998;36:621-624. – reference: Suwazono Y, Kobayashi E, Sakurada I, Ohkubo Y, Nogawa K, Kido T. Association of the angiotensinogen gene (M235T, T174M) and the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (I/D) with blood pressure in Japanese workers. Blood Press 1999;8:23-28. – reference: Petrovic D, Zorc M, Kanic V, Peterlin B. Interaction between gene polymorphisms of renin-angiotensin system and metabolic risk factors in premature myocardial infarction. Angiology 2001;52:247-252. – reference: Gaillard-Sauchez I, Mattei MG, Claure E, Coronol P. Assignment by in situ hybridization of the angiotensinogen gene to chromosome band 1q4, the same region as the human renin gene. Hum Genet 1990;84:341-343. – reference: Winkelmann BR, Russ AP, Nauck M, et al. Angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism is associated with plasma angiotensinogen and cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J 1999;137:698-705. – reference: Ashavaid TF, Shalia KK, Altaf AK, Todur SP, Nair KG, Nair SR. Gene polymorphism and coronary risk factors in Indian population. Clin Chem Lab Med 2002;40:975-985. – reference: Miller SA, Dykes DD, Polesky HF. A simple salting out procedure for extraction of DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Res 1988;16:1215. – reference: Nair KG, Ashavaid TF, Shalia KK, Dalal JJ. Angiotensin II type I receptor A/C1166 gene polymorphism and coronary artery disease [Abstract]. Indian Heart J 1999;51:601. – reference: Fernandez-Llama P, Poch E, Oriola J, Boley A, Rivera F, Revert L. Angiotensinogen gene M235T and T174M polymorphisms in essential hypertension: relation with target organ damage. Am J Hypertens 1998;11:439-444. – reference: Tiret L, Blanc H, Ruidavets J, et al. Gene polymorphism of the renin-angiotensin system in relation to hypertension and parental history of myocardial infarction and stroke: the PEGASE Study. Projet d'Etude des Genes de l'Hypertension Arterielle Severe a moderee Essentielle. J Hypertens 1998;16:37-44. – reference: Ashavaid TF, Shalia KK, Nair KG, Dalal JJ. ACE and AT1R gene polymorphisms and hypertension in Indian population. J Clin Lab Anal 2000;14:230-237. – reference: Fornage M, Turner ST, Sing CF, Boerwinkle E. Variation at the M235T locus of the angiotensinogen gene and essential hypertension: a population-based case-control study from Rochester, Minnesota. Hum Genet 1995;96:295-300. – reference: Niu T, Chen C, Yang J, et al. Blood pressure and the T174M and M235T polymorphisms of the angiotensinogen gene. Ann Epidemiol 1999;9:245-253. – reference: Reinhardt D, Sigusch HH, Vogt SF, et al. A common variant of the angiotensinogen gene and the risk of coronary artery disease in German population. Pharmazie 2000;55:69-71. – reference: Rotimi C, Morrison L, Cooper R, et al. Angiotensinogen gene in human hypertension. Lack of an association of the 235T allele among African Americans. Hypertension 1994;24:591-594. – reference: Cong ND, Hamaguchi K, Saikawa J, Hara M, Sakata T. A polymorphism of angiotensinogen gene at codon 174 and coronary artery disease in Japanese subjects. Am J Med Sci 1998;316:339-344. – reference: Morise T, Takeuchi Y, Takeda R. Rapid detection and prevalence of the variants of the angiotensinogen gene in patients with essential hypertension. J Intern Med 1995;237:175-180. – reference: Katsuya T, Koike G, Yee TW, et al. Association of angiotensinogen gene T235 variant with increased risk of coronary heart disease. Lancet 1995;345:1600-1603. – reference: Caulfield M, Lavender P, Farrall M, et al. Linkage of the angiotensinogen gene to essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1629-1633. – reference: Hata A, Namikawa C, Sasaki M, et al. Angiotensinogen as a risk factor for essential hypertension in Japan. J Clin Invest 1994;93:1285-1287. – reference: Ichihara S, Yokota M, Fujimura T, et al. Lack of association between variants of the angiotensinogen gene and the risk of coronary artery disease in middle aged Japanese men. Am Heart J 1997;134:260-265. – reference: Yang G, Merril DC, Thompson MW, et al. Functional expression of the human angiotensinogen gene in transgenic mice. J Biol Chem 1994;269:3247-3250. – reference: Ortega HE, Fernadez-Aceituno MA, Esparragon RFJ, et al. The involvement of the renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms in coronary heart disease. Rev Esp Cardiol 2002;55:92-99. – reference: Bloem LJ, Manatunga AK, Tewksbury DA, Pratt JH. The serum angiotensinogen concentration and variants of the angiotensinogen gene in White and Black children. J Clin Invest 1995;95:948-953. – reference: Ishigami T, Umemura S, Iwamoto T, et al. Molecular variant of angiotensinogen gene is associated with coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation 1995;91:951-954. – reference: Rutledge DR, Browe CS, Kubilis PS, Ross EA. 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| Title | Coronary heart disease, hypertension, and angiotensinogen gene variants in indian opulation |
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