Improving Energy Efficiency in Satellite-to-Ground Communications With Multiple Reflecting Intelligent Surfaces

This study introduces two novel approaches to enhance the energy efficiency of satellite-to-ground communication systems by using multiple Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) on terrestrial platforms. We explore scenarios in both ideal environments (IE), which assume no shadowing loss, and no...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inIEEE transactions on green communications and networking Vol. 8; no. 4; pp. 1985 - 1999
Main Authors Khalil, Muhammad I., Lin, Jiao, Wang, Ke
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Piscataway IEEE 01.12.2024
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects
Adaptive algorithms
Array signal processing
Communications systems
Energy efficiency
multiple RIS
Optimization
Particle swarm optimization
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces
Satellite broadcasting
Satellite communications
satellite-to-ground communications
selective diversity
Shadow mapping
Space-air-ground integrated networks
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2473-2400
2473-2400
DOI10.1109/TGCN.2024.3408295

Cover

Abstract This study introduces two novel approaches to enhance the energy efficiency of satellite-to-ground communication systems by using multiple Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) on terrestrial platforms. We explore scenarios in both ideal environments (IE), which assume no shadowing loss, and non-ideal environments (NIE), which consider practical environmental influences such as shadowing. In the IE scenario, energy efficiency is optimized through a dual strategy: first, by maximizing power reception through precise phase shift adjustments of each RIS element; second, by employing Selective Diversity combined with Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) to minimize power consumption. This theoretical benchmark in the IE scenario sets the stage for the NIE scenario, where the Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) optimization algorithm is employed to systematically enhance energy efficiency under real-world operational conditions. Simulation results demonstrate the significant potential of the proposed methods for energy savings in satellite-RIS systems.
AbstractList This study introduces two novel approaches to enhance the energy efficiency of satellite-to-ground communication systems by using multiple Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) on terrestrial platforms. We explore scenarios in both ideal environments (IE), which assume no shadowing loss, and non-ideal environments (NIE), which consider practical environmental influences such as shadowing. In the IE scenario, energy efficiency is optimized through a dual strategy: first, by maximizing power reception through precise phase shift adjustments of each RIS element; second, by employing Selective Diversity combined with Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) to minimize power consumption. This theoretical benchmark in the IE scenario sets the stage for the NIE scenario, where the Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) optimization algorithm is employed to systematically enhance energy efficiency under real-world operational conditions. Simulation results demonstrate the significant potential of the proposed methods for energy savings in satellite-RIS systems.
Author Khalil, Muhammad I.
Wang, Ke
Lin, Jiao
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Muhammad I.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6743-9128
  surname: Khalil
  fullname: Khalil, Muhammad I.
  email: muhammad.khalil@rmit.edu.au
  organization: School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Jiao
  orcidid: 0000-0002-3943-5947
  surname: Lin
  fullname: Lin, Jiao
  email: jiao.lin@rmit.edu.au
  organization: School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Ke
  orcidid: 0000-0001-5788-1396
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Ke
  email: ke.wang@rmit.edu.au
  organization: School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
BookMark eNpNkE1Lw0AQhhepYK39AYKHBc-p-5l0j1JqLVQFW_AYks1s3ZLs1s1G6L83tT30NHN43neY5xYNnHeA0D0lE0qJetosZu8TRpiYcEGmTMkrNGQi4wkThAwu9hs0btsdIaRnaKr4EPllsw_-17otnjsI2wOeG2O1BacP2Dq8LiLUtY2QRJ8sgu9chWe-aTpndRGtdy3-svEbv3V1tPsa8CeYGnQ8Fi7df3YLLuJ1F0yhob1D16aoWxif5whtXuab2Wuy-lgsZ8-rRDORxoRKMaWSMZ4JSInJDKVMlFlZkWoqihQglYZp0gOVlqoSpdK0KqlQMmOCSz5Cj6fa_rmfDtqY73wXXH8x55QT1RuRvKfoidLBt20Ak--DbYpwyCnJj2bzo9n8aDY_m-0zD6eMBYALXopUKc7_AM62dug
CODEN ITGCBM
Cites_doi 10.1109/TVT.2023.3319506
10.1109/TVT.2023.3242046
10.1109/LWC.2020.3010512
10.1109/ICC45855.2022.9838468
10.1109/CEC.2012.6256452
10.1109/LWC.2021.3056874
10.1109/ICASSP.2019.8683145
10.1109/GCWkshps56602.2022.10008708
10.1109/TVT.2023.3274796
10.1109/LWC.2017.2752160
10.1109/TWC.2019.2936025
10.1109/ICC42927.2021.9500640
10.1109/twc.2023.3348591
10.1109/COMST.2020.3028247
10.1109/TVT.2020.3004598
10.1109/TWC.2019.2922609
10.1109/JIOT.2023.3292828
10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2935192
10.1109/TCOMM.2021.3087620
10.1109/MNET.123.2100761
10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2941975
10.1109/OJCOMS.2020.2996797
10.1109/TWC.2021.3057232
10.1109/ICTC52510.2021.9621010
10.1201/crcelectrhbk
10.1109/LWC.2020.2972527
10.1109/TCOMM.2019.2924010
10.1109/ICSMC.1997.637339
10.1109/GCWkshps50303.2020.9367575
10.1109/LWC.2020.3045884
10.1109/TGCN.2020.3007814
10.23919/JCN.2022.000044
10.1109/TWC.2020.3024887
10.1109/TCOMM.2021.3096933
10.1109/LWC.2023.3276910
10.1109/VTC2022-Spring54318.2022.9860805
10.1109/TVT.2020.3031657
10.1109/JSAC.2020.3007211
10.1109/LWC.2018.2885056
10.1109/JSAC.2022.3196119
10.1109/TWC.2022.3212049
10.1109/TWC.2021.3098632
10.1109/TCCN.2021.3070587
10.1109/MWC.011.2100016
10.1002/dac.5550
10.23919/ICN.2022.0029
10.1109/JSAC.2020.3000814
10.1109/LWC.2020.3034370
10.1109/MWC.018.2100717
10.1007/springerreference_15387
10.1109/TVT.2021.3055965
10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2995435
10.1109/MCOM.001.2000407
10.1049/el.2013.2539
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2024
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2024
DBID 97E
RIA
RIE
AAYXX
CITATION
7SP
8FD
L7M
DOI 10.1109/TGCN.2024.3408295
DatabaseName IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present
IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
CrossRef
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Technology Research Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
DatabaseTitleList Technology Research Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: RIE
  name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 2473-2400
EndPage 1999
ExternalDocumentID 10_1109_TGCN_2024_3408295
10546993
Genre orig-research
GroupedDBID 0R~
6IK
97E
AAJGR
AASAJ
AAWTH
ABAZT
ABJNI
ABQJQ
ABVLG
ACGFS
AGQYO
AHBIQ
AKJIK
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ATWAV
BEFXN
BFFAM
BGNUA
BKEBE
BPEOZ
EBS
EJD
IES
IFIPE
IPLJI
JAVBF
OCL
RIA
RIE
AAYXX
CITATION
7SP
8FD
L7M
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c246t-15481522374e60f7f1124b7bd0d84a6ee65f2c0223dc59d4b9c1db1495724353
IEDL.DBID RIE
ISSN 2473-2400
IngestDate Fri Jul 25 22:14:24 EDT 2025
Wed Oct 01 05:47:21 EDT 2025
Wed Jul 16 07:56:58 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed false
IsScholarly true
Issue 4
Language English
License https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html
https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029
https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c246t-15481522374e60f7f1124b7bd0d84a6ee65f2c0223dc59d4b9c1db1495724353
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0000-0002-6743-9128
0000-0001-5788-1396
0000-0002-3943-5947
PQID 3130924753
PQPubID 4437214
PageCount 15
ParticipantIDs crossref_primary_10_1109_TGCN_2024_3408295
proquest_journals_3130924753
ieee_primary_10546993
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2024-12-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2024-12-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 12
  year: 2024
  text: 2024-12-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Piscataway
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Piscataway
PublicationTitle IEEE transactions on green communications and networking
PublicationTitleAbbrev TGCN
PublicationYear 2024
Publisher IEEE
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher_xml – name: IEEE
– name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
References ref13
ref57
ref12
ref56
ref15
ref14
ref53
ref11
ref55
ref10
ref54
ref17
ref16
ref19
ref18
ref46
ref45
ref48
ref47
ref42
ref41
ref44
ref49
Tekbiyik (ref43) 2020
ref8
ref7
Kingma (ref59) 2017
ref9
ref4
ref3
ref6
ref5
ref40
ref35
ref34
ref37
ref36
ref31
ref30
ref33
ref32
ref2
ref1
ref39
ref38
ref24
ref23
ref26
(ref52) 2021
ref25
ref20
ref22
ref21
Bertoni (ref58) 1999
ref28
ref27
ref29
Saakian (ref51) 2020
ref60
References_xml – ident: ref24
  doi: 10.1109/TVT.2023.3319506
– ident: ref9
  doi: 10.1109/TVT.2023.3242046
– ident: ref5
  doi: 10.1109/LWC.2020.3010512
– volume-title: Propagation Data Required for the Evaluation of Interference Between Stations in Space and Those on the Surface of the Earth
  year: 2021
  ident: ref52
– ident: ref25
  doi: 10.1109/ICC45855.2022.9838468
– ident: ref55
  doi: 10.1109/CEC.2012.6256452
– ident: ref19
  doi: 10.1109/LWC.2021.3056874
– ident: ref13
  doi: 10.1109/ICASSP.2019.8683145
– ident: ref40
  doi: 10.1109/GCWkshps56602.2022.10008708
– year: 2017
  ident: ref59
  article-title: Adam: A method for stochastic optimization
  publication-title: arXiv:1412.6980
– ident: ref21
  doi: 10.1109/TVT.2023.3274796
– ident: ref37
  doi: 10.1109/LWC.2017.2752160
– ident: ref15
  doi: 10.1109/TWC.2019.2936025
– ident: ref39
  doi: 10.1109/ICC42927.2021.9500640
– ident: ref22
  doi: 10.1109/twc.2023.3348591
– ident: ref38
  doi: 10.1109/COMST.2020.3028247
– ident: ref14
  doi: 10.1109/TVT.2020.3004598
– ident: ref7
  doi: 10.1109/TWC.2019.2922609
– ident: ref18
  doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2023.3292828
– volume-title: Radio Propagation for Modern Wireless Systems
  year: 1999
  ident: ref58
– ident: ref3
  doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2935192
– ident: ref29
  doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2021.3087620
– ident: ref36
  doi: 10.1109/MNET.123.2100761
– ident: ref57
  doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2941975
– ident: ref6
  doi: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2020.2996797
– ident: ref28
  doi: 10.1109/TWC.2021.3057232
– ident: ref41
  doi: 10.1109/ICTC52510.2021.9621010
– ident: ref54
  doi: 10.1201/crcelectrhbk
– ident: ref31
  doi: 10.1109/LWC.2020.2972527
– volume-title: Radio Wave Propagation Fundamentals
  year: 2020
  ident: ref51
– year: 2020
  ident: ref43
  article-title: Reconfigurable intelligent surface empowered terahertz communication for LEO satellite networks
  publication-title: arXiv:2007.04281
– ident: ref60
  doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2019.2924010
– ident: ref56
  doi: 10.1109/ICSMC.1997.637339
– ident: ref30
  doi: 10.1109/GCWkshps50303.2020.9367575
– ident: ref33
  doi: 10.1109/LWC.2020.3045884
– ident: ref53
  doi: 10.1109/TGCN.2020.3007814
– ident: ref12
  doi: 10.23919/JCN.2022.000044
– ident: ref48
  doi: 10.1109/TWC.2020.3024887
– ident: ref20
  doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2021.3096933
– ident: ref23
  doi: 10.1109/LWC.2023.3276910
– ident: ref46
  doi: 10.1109/VTC2022-Spring54318.2022.9860805
– ident: ref27
  doi: 10.1109/TVT.2020.3031657
– ident: ref2
  doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2020.3007211
– ident: ref8
  doi: 10.1109/LWC.2018.2885056
– ident: ref42
  doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2022.3196119
– ident: ref45
  doi: 10.1109/TWC.2022.3212049
– ident: ref35
  doi: 10.1109/TWC.2021.3098632
– ident: ref32
  doi: 10.1109/TCCN.2021.3070587
– ident: ref1
  doi: 10.1109/MWC.011.2100016
– ident: ref10
  doi: 10.1002/dac.5550
– ident: ref4
  doi: 10.23919/ICN.2022.0029
– ident: ref17
  doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2020.3000814
– ident: ref26
  doi: 10.1109/LWC.2020.3034370
– ident: ref47
  doi: 10.1109/MWC.018.2100717
– ident: ref49
  doi: 10.1007/springerreference_15387
– ident: ref44
  doi: 10.1109/TVT.2021.3055965
– ident: ref11
  doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2995435
– ident: ref16
  doi: 10.1109/MCOM.001.2000407
– ident: ref34
  doi: 10.1049/el.2013.2539
SSID ssj0002951693
Score 2.285994
Snippet This study introduces two novel approaches to enhance the energy efficiency of satellite-to-ground communication systems by using multiple Reconfigurable...
SourceID proquest
crossref
ieee
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 1985
SubjectTerms Adaptive algorithms
Array signal processing
Communications systems
Energy efficiency
multiple RIS
Optimization
Particle swarm optimization
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces
Satellite broadcasting
Satellite communications
satellite-to-ground communications
selective diversity
Shadow mapping
Space-air-ground integrated networks
Title Improving Energy Efficiency in Satellite-to-Ground Communications With Multiple Reflecting Intelligent Surfaces
URI https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10546993
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3130924753
Volume 8
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVIEE
  databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2473-2400
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0002951693
  issn: 2473-2400
  databaseCode: RIE
  dateStart: 20170101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  providerName: IEEE
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV07T8MwELZoJxh4FlEoyAMTkkPiRxKPqGopSO1Ai-gWxY-ICilBbbLw67GdtGpBSGwZEsvy2bn7zvd9B8AtwWkUiDhAglONaOYzlCoqkZ9iE20wXyhsCc7jSTh6pc9zNm_I6o4Lo7V2xWfas4_uLl8VsrKpMnPCmUFznLRAK4p4TdbaJFQwt1c-pLm5DHx-P3vsTwwCxNQjrq0y2_E9rpnKrz-wcyvDIzBZT6iuJvnwqlJ48uuHVuO_Z3wMDpsAEz7UO-IE7On8FBxsyQ6egWKTSYADR_2DAyckYVmYcJHDaepkOkuNygLZ5FSu4A6RZAXfFuU7HDfFiPBFZzb7bwd82kh8lnBaLTNb8dUBs-Fg1h-hpvECkpiGJbIwxvh1TCKqQz-LMhOUUREJ5auYpqHWIcuwNN6fKMm4ooLLQAmLtSJswi9yDtp5kesLAJlFmNKAIoOEaZAZ5K6xkJIzHvtZHOguuFtbJPms5TUSB0t8nljzJdZ8SWO-LujYFd56sV7cLuitjZg0J3CVEOOcDbY0aOzyj8-uwL4dva5N6YF2uaz0tYkwSnHjdtY37NLO8A
linkProvider IEEE
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV07T8MwED7xGICBZxHl6YEJySVx7CQeEWppgXagRXSL4kdEhZSgki78emwnrQoIiS1DHpbPzt13d99ngMuApJEvYh8LTjWmmcdwqqjEXkpMtME8oYglOPcHYfeZ3o_ZuCarOy6M1to1n-mWvXS1fFXImU2VmR3ODJrjwSqsMwMrooqutUipEG6LPkFdu_Q9fj26ux0YDEhoK3AHK7Nv3scdp_LrH-wcS2cHBvMhVf0kb61ZKVry84da47_HvAvbdYiJbqo1sQcrOt-HrSXhwQMoFrkE1HbkP9R2UhKWh4kmORqmTqiz1LgssE1P5Qp9o5J8oJdJ-Yr6dTsietKZzf_bF_YWIp8lGs6mme35asCo0x7ddnF99AKWhIYltkDGeHYSRFSHXhZlJiyjIhLKUzFNQ61DlhFp_H-gJOOKCi59JSzaiogJwIJDWMuLXB8BYhZjSmMsg4WpnxnsromQkjMee1ns6yZczS2SvFcCG4kDJh5PrPkSa76kNl8TGnaGl26sJrcJp3MjJvUe_EgC454NujR47PiPxy5gozvqPyaPvcHDCWzaL1WdKqewVk5n-szEG6U4d6vsC_VN0kE
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Improving+Energy+Efficiency+in+Satellite-to-Ground+Communications+With+Multiple+Reflecting+Intelligent+Surfaces&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+green+communications+and+networking&rft.au=Khalil%2C+Muhammad+I&rft.au=Jiao%2C+Lin&rft.au=Wang%2C+Ke&rft.date=2024-12-01&rft.pub=The+Institute+of+Electrical+and+Electronics+Engineers%2C+Inc.+%28IEEE%29&rft.eissn=2473-2400&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1985&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTGCN.2024.3408295&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2473-2400&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2473-2400&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2473-2400&client=summon