Cooperative Sensing in Uplink ISAC System: A Multi-User Waveform Optimization Approach

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is expected to become a crucial component of the sixth-generation (6G) networks owing to its outstanding spectrum management capability. However, improving the cooperative sensing capabilities of multiple ISAC user equipments (ISAC-UEs) in complex interfer...

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Published inIEEE transactions on vehicular technology Vol. 74; no. 7; pp. 10943 - 10957
Main Authors Li, Yiheng, Wei, Zhiqing, Wang, Yi, Liu, Haoming, Feng, Zhiyong
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York IEEE 01.07.2025
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects
Accuracy
Communication
Constraints
cooperative sensing
Cramer-Rao lower bound
Downlink
Hardware
Integrated sensing and communication
Interference
Lower bounds
multi-target detection
OFDM
Optimization
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
resource allocation
Resource management
Root-mean-square errors
Sensors
Subcarriers
Subsystems
Uplink
Uplinking
Waveforms
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0018-9545
1939-9359
DOI10.1109/TVT.2025.3548138

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Abstract Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is expected to become a crucial component of the sixth-generation (6G) networks owing to its outstanding spectrum management capability. However, improving the cooperative sensing capabilities of multiple ISAC user equipments (ISAC-UEs) in complex interference environment presents a significant research challenge. This paper focuses on the multi-user cooperative sensing in uplink orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) ISAC system. By utilizing the stochastic geometry, we model the distribution of communication UEs (COM-UEs) as a one-dimensional Matern hard-core point process (1-D MHCP), and derive a closed-form expression for interference power. To further enhance cooperative sensing accuracy while maintaining quality of service (QoS) in communication, we perform waveform optimization by jointly optimizing the weighted range-velocity Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) subject to communication data rate (CDR) and subcarrier power ratio (SPR) constraints. This approach involves selecting the optimal subcarriers for sensing and allocating the corresponding power on each subcarrier for communication and sensing subsystems. By employing the convex relaxation and the cyclic minimization algorithm (CMA), we decompose the complex optimization problem into three sub-problems, simplifying the original NP-hard problem into a solvable one via a cyclic optimization framework. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of our optimization strategy, and evaluate the influence of CDR and SPR constraints using the CRLB and root mean square error (RMSE).
AbstractList Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is expected to become a crucial component of the sixth-generation (6G) networks owing to its outstanding spectrum management capability. However, improving the cooperative sensing capabilities of multiple ISAC user equipments (ISAC-UEs) in complex interference environment presents a significant research challenge. This paper focuses on the multi-user cooperative sensing in uplink orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) ISAC system. By utilizing the stochastic geometry, we model the distribution of communication UEs (COM-UEs) as a one-dimensional Matern hard-core point process (1-D MHCP), and derive a closed-form expression for interference power. To further enhance cooperative sensing accuracy while maintaining quality of service (QoS) in communication, we perform waveform optimization by jointly optimizing the weighted range-velocity Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) subject to communication data rate (CDR) and subcarrier power ratio (SPR) constraints. This approach involves selecting the optimal subcarriers for sensing and allocating the corresponding power on each subcarrier for communication and sensing subsystems. By employing the convex relaxation and the cyclic minimization algorithm (CMA), we decompose the complex optimization problem into three sub-problems, simplifying the original NP-hard problem into a solvable one via a cyclic optimization framework. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of our optimization strategy, and evaluate the influence of CDR and SPR constraints using the CRLB and root mean square error (RMSE).
Author Wang, Yi
Wei, Zhiqing
Feng, Zhiyong
Li, Yiheng
Liu, Haoming
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SubjectTerms Accuracy
Communication
Constraints
cooperative sensing
Cramer-Rao lower bound
Downlink
Hardware
Integrated sensing and communication
Interference
Lower bounds
multi-target detection
OFDM
Optimization
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
resource allocation
Resource management
Root-mean-square errors
Sensors
Subcarriers
Subsystems
Uplink
Uplinking
Waveforms
Title Cooperative Sensing in Uplink ISAC System: A Multi-User Waveform Optimization Approach
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