Exact Penalizations for Optimal Control Problems

A novel technique to solve optimal control problems with state constraints is proposed. We exploit the theory of exact penalty functions, used in mathematical programming, to construct a systematic procedure to transform two classes of problems with state constraints to equivalent penalized unconstr...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inIEEE transactions on automatic control Vol. 70; no. 6; pp. 4101 - 4108
Main Authors Grimaldi, Riccardo A., Astolfi, Alessandro
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York IEEE 01.06.2025
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0018-9286
1558-2523
DOI10.1109/TAC.2025.3533420

Cover

Abstract A novel technique to solve optimal control problems with state constraints is proposed. We exploit the theory of exact penalty functions, used in mathematical programming, to construct a systematic procedure to transform two classes of problems with state constraints to equivalent penalized unconstrained problems. We focus on a special class of systems with as many states as controls and subject to a set of equality constraints, which reduces the "control authority," both in the case of linear and nonlinear control-affine systems. Two approaches are proposed, and differences, advantages, and drawbacks of such approaches are discussed. Three simple examples illustrate the theory.
AbstractList A novel technique to solve optimal control problems with state constraints is proposed. We exploit the theory of exact penalty functions, used in mathematical programming, to construct a systematic procedure to transform two classes of problems with state constraints to equivalent penalized unconstrained problems. We focus on a special class of systems with as many states as controls and subject to a set of equality constraints, which reduces the “control authority,” both in the case of linear and nonlinear control-affine systems. Two approaches are proposed, and differences, advantages, and drawbacks of such approaches are discussed. Three simple examples illustrate the theory.
Author Grimaldi, Riccardo A.
Astolfi, Alessandro
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Riccardo A.
  orcidid: 0009-0005-4918-5653
  surname: Grimaldi
  fullname: Grimaldi, Riccardo A.
  email: riccardoalessandro.grimaldi@studenti.unipd.it
  organization: Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Alessandro
  orcidid: 0000-0002-4331-454X
  surname: Astolfi
  fullname: Astolfi, Alessandro
  email: a.astolfi@imperial.ac.uk
  organization: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K
BookMark eNpNkD1rwzAQhkVJoUnavUMHQ2endydLssZg0g8IJEN2ITsyODhWKrnQ9tdXIRk6HQfPe7z3zNhk8INj7BFhgQj6ZbesFgQkFlxwXhDcsCkKUeYkiE_YFADLXFMp79gsxkNaZVHglMHq2zZjtnWD7btfO3Z-iFnrQ7Y5jd3R9lnlhzH4PtsGX_fuGO_ZbWv76B6uc852r6td9Z6vN28f1XKdN1SIMVcSWolKCbmHWhJRi1BrxRsgdA3sJSJxLRUqJ4WtLVcWpQa-d-kHavicPV_OnoL__HJxNAf_FVLJaDgh1xy0LhMFF6oJPsbgWnMKqXX4MQjmrMUkLeasxVy1pMjTJdI55_7hpaACFf8D49FdLQ
CODEN IETAA9
Cites_doi 10.1109/CDC.1996.577429
10.1109/PESGM52003.2023.10253139
10.1137/15M1041845
10.1137/0327068
10.1109/MCS.2022.3157116
10.1109/IROS.2016.7759067
10.1201/9781315137667
10.2307/3614653
10.2307/j.ctvcm4g0s
10.1007/BF01582118
10.1142/9789814324359_0172
10.1109/TAC.2020.3021385
10.1016/j.sysconle.2012.08.015
10.1109/TCST.2020.3047229
10.1109/CDC45484.2021.9683321
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2025
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2025
DBID 97E
RIA
RIE
AAYXX
CITATION
7SC
7SP
7TB
8FD
FR3
JQ2
L7M
L~C
L~D
DOI 10.1109/TAC.2025.3533420
DatabaseName IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present
IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present
IEEE Xplore
CrossRef
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
Technology Research Database
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Technology Research Database
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts
Engineering Research Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
DatabaseTitleList Technology Research Database

Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: RIE
  name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 1558-2523
EndPage 4108
ExternalDocumentID 10_1109_TAC_2025_3533420
10852417
Genre orig-research
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Italian Ministry for Research
  grantid: 2017YKXYXJ; 2020RTWES4
– fundername: European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme
  grantid: 739551
– fundername: EPSRC
  grantid: EP/W005557
GroupedDBID -~X
.DC
0R~
29I
3EH
4.4
5GY
5VS
6IK
97E
AAJGR
AARMG
AASAJ
AAWTH
ABAZT
ABQJQ
ABVLG
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACIWK
ACNCT
AENEX
AETIX
AGQYO
AGSQL
AHBIQ
AI.
AIBXA
AKJIK
AKQYR
ALLEH
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ASUFR
ATWAV
BEFXN
BFFAM
BGNUA
BKEBE
BPEOZ
CS3
DU5
EBS
EJD
F5P
HZ~
H~9
IAAWW
IBMZZ
ICLAB
IDIHD
IFIPE
IFJZH
IPLJI
JAVBF
LAI
M43
MS~
O9-
OCL
P2P
RIA
RIE
RNS
TAE
TN5
VH1
VJK
~02
AAYXX
CITATION
7SC
7SP
7TB
8FD
FR3
JQ2
L7M
L~C
L~D
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c245t-760f617756d0b6222f10b973c021ec0d6112396717e65aba37a16903de0252c3
IEDL.DBID RIE
ISSN 0018-9286
IngestDate Thu Oct 30 15:55:44 EDT 2025
Wed Oct 01 06:01:32 EDT 2025
Wed Aug 27 01:49:17 EDT 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 6
Language English
License https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html
https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029
https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-037
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c245t-760f617756d0b6222f10b973c021ec0d6112396717e65aba37a16903de0252c3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0009-0005-4918-5653
0000-0002-4331-454X
PQID 3213930998
PQPubID 85475
PageCount 8
ParticipantIDs ieee_primary_10852417
proquest_journals_3213930998
crossref_primary_10_1109_TAC_2025_3533420
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2025-06-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2025-06-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 06
  year: 2025
  text: 2025-06-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace New York
PublicationPlace_xml – name: New York
PublicationTitle IEEE transactions on automatic control
PublicationTitleAbbrev TAC
PublicationYear 2025
Publisher IEEE
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher_xml – name: IEEE
– name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
References ref13
ref12
ref15
Isidori (ref22) 1995
ref14
ref20
Bertsekas (ref23) 2016
ref10
ref21
Van Der Schaft (ref9) 1999
ref1
Engwerda (ref11) 2005
ref17
ref19
ref18
ref8
ref7
ref4
Kirk (ref3) 2004
Khalil (ref24) 2002
Bertsekas (ref2) 2005; 1
Dorato (ref6) 1995
Brooker (ref16) 1959; 45
Vinter (ref5) 2000
References_xml – volume-title: Nonlinear Systems
  year: 2002
  ident: ref24
– ident: ref21
  doi: 10.1109/CDC.1996.577429
– ident: ref13
  doi: 10.1109/PESGM52003.2023.10253139
– ident: ref17
  doi: 10.1137/15M1041845
– ident: ref20
  doi: 10.1137/0327068
– ident: ref14
  doi: 10.1109/MCS.2022.3157116
– ident: ref15
  doi: 10.1109/IROS.2016.7759067
– ident: ref1
  doi: 10.1201/9781315137667
– volume-title: LQ Dynamic Optimization and Differential Games
  year: 2005
  ident: ref11
– volume: 45
  start-page: 160
  year: 1959
  ident: ref16
  article-title: Mathematical programming and electrical networks
  publication-title: Math. Gazette
  doi: 10.2307/3614653
– volume-title: Optimal Control
  year: 2000
  ident: ref5
– ident: ref4
  doi: 10.2307/j.ctvcm4g0s
– volume-title: Linear-Quadratic Control: An Introduction
  year: 1995
  ident: ref6
– volume-title: Nonlinear Control Systems, Ser. Communications and Control Engineering
  year: 1995
  ident: ref22
– ident: ref19
  doi: 10.1007/BF01582118
– ident: ref18
  doi: 10.1142/9789814324359_0172
– volume: 1
  volume-title: Dynamic Programming and Optimal Control
  year: 2005
  ident: ref2
– ident: ref8
  doi: 10.1109/TAC.2020.3021385
– volume-title: L2-Gain and Passivity in Nonlinear Control
  year: 1999
  ident: ref9
– volume-title: Optimal Control Theory: An Introduction
  year: 2004
  ident: ref3
– ident: ref10
  doi: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2012.08.015
– volume-title: Nonlinear Programming
  year: 2016
  ident: ref23
– ident: ref12
  doi: 10.1109/TCST.2020.3047229
– ident: ref7
  doi: 10.1109/CDC45484.2021.9683321
SSID ssj0016441
Score 2.4819443
Snippet A novel technique to solve optimal control problems with state constraints is proposed. We exploit the theory of exact penalty functions, used in mathematical...
SourceID proquest
crossref
ieee
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 4101
SubjectTerms Constraints
Control systems
Control theory
Infinite horizon
Linear control
Manifolds
Mathematical programming
Matrix decomposition
Nonlinear control
Nonlinear systems
Optimal control
Optimization
optimization algorithms
Penalty function
Programming
Symmetric matrices
Systematics
Vectors
Title Exact Penalizations for Optimal Control Problems
URI https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10852417
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3213930998
Volume 70
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVIEE
  databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1558-2523
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0016441
  issn: 0018-9286
  databaseCode: RIE
  dateStart: 19630101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  providerName: IEEE
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV3NS8MwFH-4nfTg58TplB68eGiXNk3SHMfYGIJzhwm7lTRNL-ImrgPxr_cl6cZQBG89NCX8Xt57v_R9AdwrSTUpBQslOoAQPR4NUcwmtJ1eTElSHbtQzNOUT17SxwVbNMXqrhbGGOOSz0xkH10sv1zpjf1V1reZ8uhxRAtaIuO-WGsXMrCO3Ztd1OAk28UkiezPB0O8CSYsorbw1I723vNBbqjKL0vs3Mv4BKbbjfmsktdoUxeR_vrRs_HfOz-F44ZoBgN_Ms7gwCzP4Wiv_eAFkNGn0nUwM5aMN-WYAZLY4BntyBsuHvo89mDmp86sOzAfj-bDSdhMUAh1krI6FJxUSFEE4yUpOFKBKiaFFCieJDYoI45si0qOVzrDmSoUFcqGzWhpEK1E00toL1dLcwUBk6XOhJIV51maMqqKMokrVP9UK5pmrAsPW0jzd98nI3f3CyJzhD-38OcN_F3oWIT23vPgdKG3FULeaNI6pwlyVIo8Nrv-Y9kNHNqv-_ytHrTrj425RaZQF3fuhHwDT-q1_Q
linkProvider IEEE
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV07T8MwED5BGYCBZxGFAhlYGJIm8SPJWFVUBdrSIUjdIsdxFkSLaCohfj1nO60qEBJbhlixvrPvvsu9AG5FQqRfRMxN0AC4aPGIi2JWru70ogqfysCEYkZjPnihj1M2rYvVTS2MUsoknylPP5pYfjGXS_2rrKMz5dHiRNuwwyilzJZrrYMG2rRbxYt3OIzXUUk_6aTdHvqCIfOILj3Vw703rJAZq_JLFxsD0z-E8WprNq_k1VtWuSe_fnRt_Pfej-CgpppO156NY9hSsxPY32hAeAr-_aeQlTNRmo7XBZkO0ljnGTXJGy7u2Ux2Z2LnziyakPbv097ArWcouDKkrHIj7pdIUiLGCz_nSAbKwM-TCAUUBgqlxJFvkYSjU6c4E7kgkdCBM1IoRCuU5Awas_lMnYPDkkLGkUhKzmPEnoi8CIMSFQCVgtCYteBuBWn2bjtlZMbD8JMM4c80_FkNfwuaGqGN9yw4LWivhJDVd2mRkRBZKkEmG1_8sewGdgfpaJgNH8ZPl7Cnv2SzudrQqD6W6gp5Q5Vfm9PyDQt1uUo
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Exact+Penalizations+for+Optimal+Control+Problems&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+automatic+control&rft.au=Grimaldi%2C+Riccardo+A.&rft.au=Astolfi%2C+Alessandro&rft.date=2025-06-01&rft.issn=0018-9286&rft.eissn=1558-2523&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=4101&rft.epage=4108&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTAC.2025.3533420&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1109_TAC_2025_3533420
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0018-9286&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0018-9286&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0018-9286&client=summon