A New Method to Design Resilient Wide-Area Damping Controllers for Power Systems

• Published in: Energies (Basel) Vol. 18; no. 19; p. 5323
• Main Author: Bento, Murilo E. C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 09.10.2025
• Subjects: Algorithms; Analysis; bio-inspired algorithms; Communication channels; Controllers; cyber-security; Cyberterrorism; Data transmission; Denial of service attacks; Denial-of-Service attack; Design; Electric power systems; Electric transformers; Methods; New Jersey; Optimization; power system stability; Ratios; small-signal stability; Wide-Area Damping Control; New Jersey
• ISSN: 1996-1073; 1996-1073
• DOI: 10.3390/en18195323

Operating power systems has become challenging due to the complexity of these systems. Stability studies are essential to ensure that a system operates under suitable conditions. Low-frequency oscillation modes (LFOMs) are one of the main branches of system angular stability studies and are often studied in small-signal stability. Many LFOMs in the system may have low and insufficient damping rates, negatively affecting the operation of power systems. Different control strategies have been proposed, such as the Wide-Area Damping Controller (WADC), to adequately and easily dampen these LFOMs. The operating principle of a WADC requires the reception of remote and synchronized signals from system PMUs through communication channels. However, WADCs are subject to communication failures and cyberattacks that compromise their proper operation. This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization model whose variables are the WADC parameters and the objective function guarantees the previously desired and high damping rates for the system under normal conditions and when there are permanent communication failures caused by a Denial-of-Service attack. The design method uses Linear Quadratic Regulator theory, where the parameters of this method are tuned by a bio-inspired algorithm. The studies were performed in the IEEE 68-bus system, considering a set of different operating points. The results achieved in the modal and time domain analysis confirm the successful and robust design of the WADC.