Side‐Chains Engineered Self‐Assembly of Ortho ‐Benzodipyrrole‐Based Acceptors: Comprehensive Exploration of Structure‐Interface‐Photovoltaics Correlations
This research employs inner side‐chain engineering in C‐shaped ortho‐benzodipyrrole‐based (CB) A‐D‐A non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) CB8, CB12, CB16, and CB20, where side‐chain configuration crucially influences self‐assembly, single‐crystal structures, and optoelectronic properties. The enthalpy of...
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Published in | Advanced functional materials |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
19.06.2025
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Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 1616-301X 1616-3028 |
DOI | 10.1002/adfm.202504705 |
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Abstract | This research employs inner side‐chain engineering in C‐shaped ortho‐benzodipyrrole‐based (CB) A‐D‐A non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) CB8, CB12, CB16, and CB20, where side‐chain configuration crucially influences self‐assembly, single‐crystal structures, and optoelectronic properties. The enthalpy of fusion at the melting point, combined with the intensity of the 730 nm solid‐state absorption shoulder, suggests that the acceptor–acceptor (A–A) interactions follow the order: CB8 > CB12 > CB20 > CB16. Solution small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (SWAXS) quantitatively reveals the successively increased donor–acceptor (D–A) association numbers of these CB derivatives with PM6, consistent with the reduction of their A–A self‐assembly. Complementarily and comprehensively, transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) shows a systematically shortened decay‐time of charge transfer in the series of the binary PM6:CB (1:1.2 wt%) thin films, from 25.40 ps (CB8), to 16.13 ps (CB12), to 15.03 ps (CB20), and to 11.97 ps (CB16), following the increasing trend of CB‐PM6 interaction strength. Correspondingly, the photovoltaic efficiency improves with the enhanced CB‐PM6 interactions from PM6:CB8 (15.24%), to PM6:CB12 (16.66%), to PM6:CB20 (17.12%), and to PM6:CB16 (18.13%). These close correlations between the structures and photovoltaic properties elucidate the importance of minimizing A–A self‐aggregation and enhancing D (PM6)‐A (CBs) interactions via engineering the side chains in the CB‐based acceptors. |
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AbstractList | This research employs inner side‐chain engineering in C‐shaped ortho‐benzodipyrrole‐based (CB) A‐D‐A non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) CB8, CB12, CB16, and CB20, where side‐chain configuration crucially influences self‐assembly, single‐crystal structures, and optoelectronic properties. The enthalpy of fusion at the melting point, combined with the intensity of the 730 nm solid‐state absorption shoulder, suggests that the acceptor–acceptor (A–A) interactions follow the order: CB8 > CB12 > CB20 > CB16. Solution small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (SWAXS) quantitatively reveals the successively increased donor–acceptor (D–A) association numbers of these CB derivatives with PM6, consistent with the reduction of their A–A self‐assembly. Complementarily and comprehensively, transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) shows a systematically shortened decay‐time of charge transfer in the series of the binary PM6:CB (1:1.2 wt%) thin films, from 25.40 ps (CB8), to 16.13 ps (CB12), to 15.03 ps (CB20), and to 11.97 ps (CB16), following the increasing trend of CB‐PM6 interaction strength. Correspondingly, the photovoltaic efficiency improves with the enhanced CB‐PM6 interactions from PM6:CB8 (15.24%), to PM6:CB12 (16.66%), to PM6:CB20 (17.12%), and to PM6:CB16 (18.13%). These close correlations between the structures and photovoltaic properties elucidate the importance of minimizing A–A self‐aggregation and enhancing D (PM6)‐A (CBs) interactions via engineering the side chains in the CB‐based acceptors. |
Author | Tsai, Chia‐Lin Chou, Pi‐Tai Tai, Kuei‐Yu Ku, Chien‐Yi Chien, Su‐Ying Jiang, Bing‐Huang Hung, Chieh‐Ming Huang, Kuo‐Hsiu Wu, Chia‐Shing Tseng, Chi‐Chun Chang, Je‐Wei Lu, Han‐Cheng Chang, Chen‐Yu Yang, Shang‐Da Chen, Chih‐Ping Jeng, U‐Ser Xue, Yung‐Jing Su, Chun‐Jen Cheng, Yen‐Ju |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yung‐Jing surname: Xue fullname: Xue, Yung‐Jing organization: National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Applied Chemistry 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan – sequence: 2 givenname: Chen‐Yu surname: Chang fullname: Chang, Chen‐Yu organization: National Tsing Hua University Department of Chemical Engineering 101, Sec. 2, Kuang‐Fu Road Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan – sequence: 3 givenname: Chieh‐Ming surname: Hung fullname: Hung, Chieh‐Ming organization: National Taiwan University Department of Chemistry Center for Emerging Materials and Advanced Devices No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan – sequence: 4 givenname: Chi‐Chun surname: Tseng fullname: Tseng, Chi‐Chun organization: National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Applied Chemistry 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan – sequence: 5 givenname: Je‐Wei surname: Chang fullname: Chang, Je‐Wei organization: National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center 101 Hsin‐Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park Hsinchu 300092 Taiwan – sequence: 6 givenname: Chun‐Jen surname: Su fullname: Su, Chun‐Jen organization: National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center 101 Hsin‐Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park Hsinchu 300092 Taiwan – sequence: 7 givenname: Chia‐Lin surname: Tsai fullname: Tsai, Chia‐Lin organization: National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Applied Chemistry 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan – sequence: 8 givenname: Han‐Cheng surname: Lu fullname: Lu, Han‐Cheng organization: National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Applied Chemistry 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan – sequence: 9 givenname: Kuo‐Hsiu surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Kuo‐Hsiu organization: National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Applied Chemistry 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan – sequence: 10 givenname: Kuei‐Yu surname: Tai fullname: Tai, Kuei‐Yu organization: National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Applied Chemistry 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan – sequence: 11 givenname: Chien‐Yi surname: Ku fullname: Ku, Chien‐Yi organization: National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Applied Chemistry 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan – sequence: 12 givenname: Chia‐Shing surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Chia‐Shing organization: Taiwan Space Agency 8F, 9 Prosperity 1st Road, Hsinchu Science Park Hsinchu 300 Taiwan – sequence: 13 givenname: Su‐Ying surname: Chien fullname: Chien, Su‐Ying organization: National Taiwan University Instrumentation Center No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan – sequence: 14 givenname: Shang‐Da surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Shang‐Da organization: National Tsing Hua University Institute of Photonics Technologies 101, Sec. 2, Kuang‐Fu Road Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan – sequence: 15 givenname: Bing‐Huang surname: Jiang fullname: Jiang, Bing‐Huang organization: Ming Chi University of Technology Department of Materials Engineering New Taipei City 243 Taiwan – sequence: 16 givenname: Chih‐Ping surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Chih‐Ping organization: Ming Chi University of Technology Department of Materials Engineering New Taipei City 243 Taiwan – sequence: 17 givenname: Pi‐Tai orcidid: 0000-0002-8925-7747 surname: Chou fullname: Chou, Pi‐Tai organization: National Taiwan University Department of Chemistry Center for Emerging Materials and Advanced Devices No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan – sequence: 18 givenname: U‐Ser orcidid: 0000-0002-2247-5061 surname: Jeng fullname: Jeng, U‐Ser organization: National Tsing Hua University Department of Chemical Engineering 101, Sec. 2, Kuang‐Fu Road Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center 101 Hsin‐Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park Hsinchu 300092 Taiwan, National Tsing Hua University College of Semiconductor Research 01, Sec. 2, Kuang‐Fu Road Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan – sequence: 19 givenname: Yen‐Ju orcidid: 0000-0003-0780-4557 surname: Cheng fullname: Cheng, Yen‐Ju organization: National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Applied Chemistry 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan |
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