Development of Digestive Tract in Larval and Juvenile Red Spotted Grouper, Epinephelus akaara
This study investigated the progressive morphological alterations and digestive tract development in larval and juvenile red spotted grouper, across growth stages. External shape observations were made using an optical microscope, and the development of the digestive tract was investigated using his...
Saved in:
| Published in | Balsaeng'gwa saengsig Vol. 28; no. 4; pp. 187 - 194 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Korea (South)
Korean Society of Developmental Biology
01.12.2024
한국발생생물학회 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2465-9525 2465-9541 |
| DOI | 10.12717/DR.2024.28.4.187 |
Cover
| Abstract | This study investigated the progressive morphological alterations and digestive tract development in larval and juvenile red spotted grouper,
across growth stages. External shape observations were made using an optical microscope, and the development of the digestive tract was investigated using histological methods. At 1 day after hatching (DAH), the digestive tract appeared as a straight tube extending between the ventral side and yolk-sac. At 3 DAH, the yolk was nearly absorbed, liver and pancreatic tissue began to develop. At 5 DAH, the opening of the mouth and anus allowed for the ingestion of external food, and the expansion of the intestinal lumen was observed. Gastric lumen differentiation became evident between the anterior intestine and esophagus. At 10 DAH, mucosal folds had formed in the rectum, and goblet cells were observed in the esophagus. At 20 DAH, mucosal folds in the stomach developed, and an increase in goblet cells was observed throughout the digestive organs. At 30 DAH, pyloric caeca and further gastric development were observed. By 40-50 DAH, sphincters between the esophagus, stomach, and intestine were clearly defined, resembling the adult digestive system. These findings suggest transitioning larvae to commercial pellets around 30 DAH, coinciding with the development of gastric glands and pyloric caeca. This research provides critical insights for optimizing feeding schedules to improve growth and survival rates during red spotted grouper seed production. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | This study investigated the progressive morphological alterations and digestive
tract development in larval and juvenile red spotted grouper,
Epinephelus akaara
across growth stages. External shape
observations were made using an optical microscope, and the development of the
digestive tract was investigated using histological methods. At 1 day after
hatching (DAH), the digestive tract appeared as a straight tube extending
between the ventral side and yolk-sac. At 3 DAH, the yolk was nearly absorbed,
liver and pancreatic tissue began to develop. At 5 DAH, the opening of the mouth
and anus allowed for the ingestion of external food, and the expansion of the
intestinal lumen was observed. Gastric lumen differentiation became evident
between the anterior intestine and esophagus. At 10 DAH, mucosal folds had
formed in the rectum, and goblet cells were observed in the esophagus. At 20
DAH, mucosal folds in the stomach developed, and an increase in goblet cells was
observed throughout the digestive organs. At 30 DAH, pyloric caeca and further
gastric development were observed. By 40–50 DAH, sphincters between the
esophagus, stomach, and intestine were clearly defined, resembling the adult
digestive system. These findings suggest transitioning larvae to commercial
pellets around 30 DAH, coinciding with the development of gastric glands and
pyloric caeca. This research provides critical insights for optimizing feeding
schedules to improve growth and survival rates during red spotted grouper seed
production. This study investigated the progressive morphological alterations and digestive tract development in larval and juvenile red spotted grouper, across growth stages. External shape observations were made using an optical microscope, and the development of the digestive tract was investigated using histological methods. At 1 day after hatching (DAH), the digestive tract appeared as a straight tube extending between the ventral side and yolk-sac. At 3 DAH, the yolk was nearly absorbed, liver and pancreatic tissue began to develop. At 5 DAH, the opening of the mouth and anus allowed for the ingestion of external food, and the expansion of the intestinal lumen was observed. Gastric lumen differentiation became evident between the anterior intestine and esophagus. At 10 DAH, mucosal folds had formed in the rectum, and goblet cells were observed in the esophagus. At 20 DAH, mucosal folds in the stomach developed, and an increase in goblet cells was observed throughout the digestive organs. At 30 DAH, pyloric caeca and further gastric development were observed. By 40-50 DAH, sphincters between the esophagus, stomach, and intestine were clearly defined, resembling the adult digestive system. These findings suggest transitioning larvae to commercial pellets around 30 DAH, coinciding with the development of gastric glands and pyloric caeca. This research provides critical insights for optimizing feeding schedules to improve growth and survival rates during red spotted grouper seed production. This study investigated the progressive morphological alterations and digestive tract development in larval and juvenile red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara across growth stages. External shape observations were made using an optical microscope, and the development of the digestive tract was investigated using histological methods. At 1 day after hatching (DAH), the digestive tract appeared as a straight tube extending between the ventral side and yolk-sac. At 3 DAH, the yolk was nearly absorbed, liver and pancreatic tissue began to develop. At 5 DAH, the opening of the mouth and anus allowed for the ingestion of external food, and the expansion of the intestinal lumen was observed. Gastric lumen differentiation became evident between the anterior intestine and esophagus. At 10 DAH, mucosal folds had formed in the rectum, and goblet cells were observed in the esophagus. At 20 DAH, mucosal folds in the stomach developed, and an increase in goblet cells was observed throughout the digestive organs. At 30 DAH, pyloric caeca and further gastric development were observed. By 40–50 DAH, sphincters between the esophagus, stomach, and intestine were clearly defined, resembling the adult digestive system. These findings suggest transitioning larvae to commercial pellets around 30 DAH, coinciding with the development of gastric glands and pyloric caeca. This research provides critical insights for optimizing feeding schedules to improve growth and survival rates during red spotted grouper seed production. KCI Citation Count: 0 This study investigated the progressive morphological alterations and digestive tract development in larval and juvenile red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara across growth stages. External shape observations were made using an optical microscope, and the development of the digestive tract was investigated using histological methods. At 1 day after hatching (DAH), the digestive tract appeared as a straight tube extending between the ventral side and yolk-sac. At 3 DAH, the yolk was nearly absorbed, liver and pancreatic tissue began to develop. At 5 DAH, the opening of the mouth and anus allowed for the ingestion of external food, and the expansion of the intestinal lumen was observed. Gastric lumen differentiation became evident between the anterior intestine and esophagus. At 10 DAH, mucosal folds had formed in the rectum, and goblet cells were observed in the esophagus. At 20 DAH, mucosal folds in the stomach developed, and an increase in goblet cells was observed throughout the digestive organs. At 30 DAH, pyloric caeca and further gastric development were observed. By 40-50 DAH, sphincters between the esophagus, stomach, and intestine were clearly defined, resembling the adult digestive system. These findings suggest transitioning larvae to commercial pellets around 30 DAH, coinciding with the development of gastric glands and pyloric caeca. This research provides critical insights for optimizing feeding schedules to improve growth and survival rates during red spotted grouper seed production.This study investigated the progressive morphological alterations and digestive tract development in larval and juvenile red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara across growth stages. External shape observations were made using an optical microscope, and the development of the digestive tract was investigated using histological methods. At 1 day after hatching (DAH), the digestive tract appeared as a straight tube extending between the ventral side and yolk-sac. At 3 DAH, the yolk was nearly absorbed, liver and pancreatic tissue began to develop. At 5 DAH, the opening of the mouth and anus allowed for the ingestion of external food, and the expansion of the intestinal lumen was observed. Gastric lumen differentiation became evident between the anterior intestine and esophagus. At 10 DAH, mucosal folds had formed in the rectum, and goblet cells were observed in the esophagus. At 20 DAH, mucosal folds in the stomach developed, and an increase in goblet cells was observed throughout the digestive organs. At 30 DAH, pyloric caeca and further gastric development were observed. By 40-50 DAH, sphincters between the esophagus, stomach, and intestine were clearly defined, resembling the adult digestive system. These findings suggest transitioning larvae to commercial pellets around 30 DAH, coinciding with the development of gastric glands and pyloric caeca. This research provides critical insights for optimizing feeding schedules to improve growth and survival rates during red spotted grouper seed production. |
| Author | Boo, Moon-Soo Lee, Young-Don Lee, Chi-Hoon |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Moon-Soo orcidid: 0009-0000-3419-7428 surname: Boo fullname: Boo, Moon-Soo – sequence: 2 givenname: Chi-Hoon orcidid: 0000-0003-2165-9421 surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Chi-Hoon – sequence: 3 givenname: Young-Don orcidid: 0000-0003-2996-6952 surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Young-Don |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39845512$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART003160994$$DAccess content in National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) |
| BookMark | eNpVkVtrGzEQhUVJaNI0P6AvRY-l1FvdJT-VEOdWDAXXfSxCq9UmqtfSRtpd6L-PYiemfToD880ZZs47cBRicAB8wKjCRGL5dbGqCCKsIqpiFVbyDTglTPDZnDN8dKgJPwHnOf9BCGGkuODoLTihc8U4x-QU_F64yXWx37owwNjChb93efCTg-tk7AB9gEuTJtNBExr4fZxc8J2DK9fAn30chqI3KY69S1_gVe-D6x9cN2ZoNsYk8x4ct6bL7vxFz8Cv66v15e1s-ePm7vJiObOEEjmTxNiGsNoI3jQtazjBsjaWEYTnUmHBCbKNspaSmiKiRE2ZFKauJbPEKqHoGfi89w2p1RvrdTR-p_dRb5K-WK3vNEZCKC5lgb_t4X6st66x5fJkOt0nvzXp7270_07wD8Vo0hhLjrAQxeHTi0OKj2P5l976bF3XmeDimDXFXEnBKecF_fjvssOW1wQKgPeATTHn5NoDgpHeBa0XK_0ctCZKM12Cpk8BT5nw |
| Cites_doi | 10.1063/1.5115728 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.12.046 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.05.048 10.1007/BF00347544 10.1371/journal.pone.0124179 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.050 10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00054-X 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00352-6 10.1007/BF00005160 10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00812.x 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.01.041 10.1007/BF02848526 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90190-V 10.1201/b10749-8 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735131 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright 2024 The Korean Society of Developmental Biology. Copyright 2024 The Korean Society of Developmental Biology 2024 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright 2024 The Korean Society of Developmental Biology. – notice: Copyright 2024 The Korean Society of Developmental Biology 2024 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION NPM 7X8 5PM ACYCR |
| DOI | 10.12717/DR.2024.28.4.187 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef PubMed MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) Korean Citation Index |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Biology |
| EISSN | 2465-9541 |
| EndPage | 194 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_kci_go_kr_ARTI_10668577 PMC11750166 39845512 10_12717_DR_2024_28_4_187 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: ; grantid: 213008-05-5-SB510 |
| GroupedDBID | 9ZL AAYXX ADRAZ ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS CITATION DIK HYE KQ8 KROLR M48 OK1 PGMZT RPM M~E NPM 7X8 5PM ACYCR |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c2327-72acd24ba65ddf4d5217bac420197816520cd8cc32b30286b3476abb74c2c8683 |
| IEDL.DBID | M48 |
| ISSN | 2465-9525 |
| IngestDate | Wed Jan 08 03:25:20 EST 2025 Thu Aug 21 18:41:10 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 16:15:25 EDT 2025 Thu Jan 30 12:28:18 EST 2025 Tue Jul 01 02:26:07 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 4 |
| Keywords | Gastric gland Pyloric caeca Digestive tract Red spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara |
| Language | English |
| License | Copyright 2024 The Korean Society of Developmental Biology. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c2327-72acd24ba65ddf4d5217bac420197816520cd8cc32b30286b3476abb74c2c8683 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2024.28.4.187 |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2165-9421 0000-0003-2996-6952 0009-0000-3419-7428 |
| OpenAccessLink | http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.12717/DR.2024.28.4.187 |
| PMID | 39845512 |
| PQID | 3158765355 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| PageCount | 8 |
| ParticipantIDs | nrf_kci_oai_kci_go_kr_ARTI_10668577 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11750166 proquest_miscellaneous_3158765355 pubmed_primary_39845512 crossref_primary_10_12717_DR_2024_28_4_187 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2024-12-00 2024-Dec 20241201 2024-12 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2024-12-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 12 year: 2024 text: 2024-12-00 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Korea (South) |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Korea (South) |
| PublicationTitle | Balsaeng'gwa saengsig |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Dev Reprod |
| PublicationYear | 2024 |
| Publisher | Korean Society of Developmental Biology 한국발생생물학회 |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Korean Society of Developmental Biology – name: 한국발생생물학회 |
| References | Nazemroaya (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref12) 2020; 523 Tanaka (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref19) 1971; 18 Mai (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref9) 2005; 67 Boulhic (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref3) 1992; 102 Luizi (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref8) 1999; 176 Senger (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref16) 1994; 119 Yúfera (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref20) 2007; 268 Zambonino-Infante (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref21) 2008 Peña (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref13) 2003; 219 Kjørsvik (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref7) 2007 Chen (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref4) 2006; 256 Sifa (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref17) 1987; 5 Abol-Munafi (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref1) 2011; 24 Han (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref6) 2007; 11 Micale (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref11) 2006; 251 Sahlmann (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref15) 2015; 10 Aiemsomboon (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref2) 2017; 51 Martínez-Lagos (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref10) 2004; 30 Govoni (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref5) 1986; 16 Qu (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref14) 2012; 334-337 Slamet (key2.0250120065825e+13_ref18) 2019; 2120 |
| References_xml | – volume: 2120 start-page: 070011 year: 2019 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref18 article-title: Histological study on digestive system development of blacksaddled coralgrouper, Plectropomus laevis (Lacepede, 1801) larvae publication-title: AIP Conf Proc doi: 10.1063/1.5115728 – volume: 334-337 start-page: 132 year: 2012 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref14 article-title: Ontogenetic development of the digestive system and growth in coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus) publication-title: Aquaculture doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.12.046 – volume: 251 start-page: 354 year: 2006 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref11 article-title: The ontogeny of the alimentary tract during larval development in common pandora Pagellus erythrinus publication-title: Aquaculture doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.05.048 – volume: 119 start-page: 471 year: 1994 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref16 article-title: The development of functional digestive and metabolic organs in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus publication-title: Mar Biol doi: 10.1007/BF00347544 – volume: 10 year: 2015 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref15 article-title: Ontogeny of the digestive system of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and effects of soybean meal from start-feeding publication-title: PLOS ONE doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124179 – volume: 18 start-page: 164 year: 1971 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref19 article-title: Studies on the structure and function of the digestive system in teleost larvae Ⅲ. Development of the digestive system during postlarval stage publication-title: Jpn J Ichthyol – start-page: 204 year: 2007 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref7 article-title: From fertilisation to the end of metamorphosis-functional development publication-title: Culture of Cold-water Marine Fish – volume: 268 start-page: 53 year: 2007 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref20 article-title: The onset of exogenous feeding in marine fish larvae publication-title: Aquaculture doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.04.050 – volume: 176 start-page: 101 year: 1999 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref8 article-title: Further description of the development of the digestive organs in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) larvae, with notes on differential absorption of copepod and Artemia prey publication-title: Aquaculture doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00054-X – volume: 219 start-page: 633 year: 2003 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref13 article-title: Ontogenetic development of the digestive tract in reared spotted sand bass Paralabrax maculatofasciatus larvae publication-title: Aquaculture doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00352-6 – volume: 16 start-page: 59 year: 1986 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref5 article-title: The physiology of digestion in fish larvae publication-title: Environ Biol Fish doi: 10.1007/BF00005160 – volume: 67 start-page: 1094 year: 2005 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref9 article-title: A histological study on the development of the digestive system of Pseudosciaena crocea larvae and juveniles publication-title: J Fish Biol doi: 10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00812.x – volume: 51 start-page: 445 year: 2017 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref2 article-title: Ontogenetic development of the digestive tract and ultrastructure of the anterior intestinal epithelia in tiger grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775) larvae publication-title: Agric Nat Resour – volume: 30 start-page: 103 year: 2004 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref10 article-title: Changes in digestive enzyme activities during larval development of leopard grouper (Mycteroperca rosacea) publication-title: Fish Physiol Biochem – volume: 24 start-page: 379 year: 2011 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref1 article-title: The ontogeny of the digestive tract and associated organs of humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) larvae publication-title: Asian Fish Sci – volume: 256 start-page: 489 year: 2006 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref4 article-title: Ontogenetic development of the digestive system in yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi larvae publication-title: Aquaculture doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.01.041 – volume: 11 start-page: 121 year: 2007 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref6 article-title: Morphological studies on the digestive tracts of the larvae and juveniles of the flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus publication-title: Dev Reprod – volume: 5 start-page: 80 year: 1987 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref17 article-title: The critical period of high mortality of larvae fish: A discussion based on current research publication-title: Chin J Oceanol Limnol doi: 10.1007/BF02848526 – volume: 102 start-page: 373 year: 1992 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref3 article-title: Histological study of the organogenesis of the digestive system and swim bladder of the dover sole, Solea solea (Linnaeus 1758) publication-title: Aquaculture doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(92)90190-V – start-page: 281 year: 2008 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref21 article-title: Ontogeny and physiology of the digestive system of marine fish larvae publication-title: Feeding and Digestive Functions in Fishes doi: 10.1201/b10749-8 – volume: 523 start-page: 735131 year: 2020 ident: key2.0250120065825e+13_ref12 article-title: Pepsinogen expression during larval development of a Persian Gulf Sparid, Sobaity publication-title: Aquaculture doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735131 |
| SSID | ssj0001085650 |
| Score | 2.2792213 |
| Snippet | This study investigated the progressive morphological alterations and digestive tract development in larval and juvenile red spotted grouper,
across growth... This study investigated the progressive morphological alterations and digestive tract development in larval and juvenile red spotted grouper, Epinephelus... This study investigated the progressive morphological alterations and digestive tract development in larval and juvenile red spotted grouper, Epinephelus... |
| SourceID | nrf pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database |
| StartPage | 187 |
| SubjectTerms | 생물학 |
| Title | Development of Digestive Tract in Larval and Juvenile Red Spotted Grouper, Epinephelus akaara |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39845512 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3158765355 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11750166 https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART003160994 |
| Volume | 28 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| ispartofPNX | 발생과 생식, 2024, 28(4), , pp.187-194 |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1Lb9NAEF61RUhcEG9CoVoEJ4RDdz378AEhRFuVCjiERuoFrfZlGiWyUyeR6L9n1naqBuXAyQevvfLs7sw3D39DyFvmlM-hYJmGwmWQxzJzjMdMgI-MxUKVZcrofv8hT8dwdiEudsi6vVUvwMVW1y71kxo3s-Gfq-tPeOA_ttwI6I58OBqho8dhyPUQhkyrXXKnTRelSr4e7bchF4QXsu3ZykGKrBBc9HnOrW_ZsFS7VVNuA6H_1lLeMk4nD8j9HlXSz902eEh2YvWI3O36TF4_Jr9ulQbRuqRdVgn1HD1PP0nRSUW_pR5BM2qrQM9WqABRWdBRDPTnvF4iKKVtjCo27-nxHHHp_DLOVgtqp9Y29gkZnxyffznN-r4KmUf8pDLFrQ8cnJUihBICWnDlrAfEAokBSwp-mBgDfM5djvBDuhyUtM4p8NxrqfOnZK-qq_icUAcsBiGhAJlDcqVCEdDmCVZq9FNCGJB3axmaeUefYZLbkQRujkYmCdxwbcCgwAfkDUrZTP3EJNLrdP1dm2ljENp_xcek1ELhqNfrVTB4FFJ-w1axXi1MzgTqdoEIakCedatyM2leaEBwyAdEb6zXzYA04-adanLZ0m0nMlMExvLFf0y8T-6lT-rqXV6SvWWziq8QtSzdQbsXD9pw0l8S2ufI |
| linkProvider | Scholars Portal |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Development+of+Digestive+Tract+in+Larval+and+Juvenile+Red+Spotted+Grouper%2C+Epinephelus+akaara&rft.jtitle=Balsaeng%27gwa+saengsig&rft.au=Boo%2C+Moon-Soo&rft.au=Lee%2C+Chi-Hoon&rft.au=Lee%2C+Young-Don&rft.date=2024-12-01&rft.issn=2465-9525&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=187&rft_id=info:doi/10.12717%2FDR.2024.28.4.187&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2465-9525&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2465-9525&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2465-9525&client=summon |