FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CIRCULATING ZONULIN IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

ABSTRACT Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises the spectrum between Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), a condition whose prevalence in countries such as Brazil has increased significantly in recent years. Changes in the intestinal epithelial barrier function and, cons...

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Published inArquivos de gastroenterologia Vol. 59; no. 2; pp. 238 - 243
Main Authors LACOMBE, Luiz Augusto Cardoso, MATIOLLO, Camila, ROSA, Julia Salvan da, FELISBERTO, Mariano, DALMARCO, Eduardo Monguilhott, SCHIAVON, Leonardo de Lucca
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos e Pesquisas de Gastroenterologia e Outras Especialidades - IBEPEGE 01.06.2022
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ISSN0004-2803
1678-4219
1678-4219
DOI10.1590/s0004-2803.202202000-43

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Abstract ABSTRACT Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises the spectrum between Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), a condition whose prevalence in countries such as Brazil has increased significantly in recent years. Changes in the intestinal epithelial barrier function and, consequently, an increase in intestinal permeability, have been suggested as important factors in the pathogenesis of different autoimmune conditions, including IBD. Therefore, there is a need for a practical tool to assess gut barrier integrity in these patients. Objective: To study factors associated with serum zonulin levels, a marker of intestinal permeability, in patients with IBD. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study that included 117 patients with IBD and 32 healthy controls. Disease activity was assessed by the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) in UC and by the Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) in CD subjects. Zonulin levels were measured by ELISA and inflammatory cytokines by Cytometric Bead Array, using commercially available kits. Results: The mean age of IBD patients was 44.0±15.9 years, 66.7% were female, 57 subjects were diagnosed with CD and 60 with UC. At evaluation, clinical remission was observed in 56.7% of CD patients and in 59.2% of UC subjects. No differences were observed in zonulin levels when comparing IBD patients with the control group (95.28 ng/mL vs 96.61 ng/mL, P=0.573) and when comparing patients with CD to those with UC (79.68 ng/mL vs 106.10 ng/mL, P=0.887). Among IBD group, zonulin concentrations were higher among females, correlated positively with body mass index (BMI) and age; and negatively with hemoglobin and hematocrit. In patients with UC, zonulin correlated negatively with hemoglobin, hematocrit, and albumin; and positively with BMI and SCCAI. Among CD patients, zonulin was positively correlated with age and BMI, but not with HBI. No correlations were observed between zonulin and circulating cytokines in IBD patients. Conclusion: In this cohort mostly comprised of patients in clinical remission, serum zonulin levels were not higher in patients with IBD than healthy controls, and correlated with variables not linked to baseline disease, such as sex, age and BMI. However, zonulin correlated with clinical and laboratory parameters of disease severity and activity among subjects with UC, but not among patients with CD. These findings indicate a potential role for zonulin as a biomarker in IBD, particularly in UC. RESUMO Contexto: A doença inflamatória intestinal (DII) compreende o espectro entre a doença de Crohn (DC) e a colite ulcerativa, condição esta cuja prevalência em países como o Brasil vem aumentando significativamente nos últimos anos. Alterações na função da barreira epitelial intestinal e, consequentemente, um aumento da permeabilidade intestinal, têm sido sugeridos como fatores importantes envolvidos na patogênese de diferentes condições autoimunes, dentre elas, a DII. Desta forma, existe a necessidade de uma ferramenta prática para avaliar a integridade da barreira epitelial intestinal nestes pacientes. Objetivo: Estudar os fatores associados com os níveis séricos de zonulina, um marcador da permeabilidade intestinal, em pacientes com DII. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal que incluiu 117 pacientes com DII e 32 indivíduos que compuseram o grupo controle. A atividade da doença foi avaliada pelo Simple Cliniical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) na colite ulcerativa e pelo índice de Harvey-Bradshaw (IHB) em pacientes com DC. Os níveis de zonulina foram quantificados por ELISA e os níveis das citocinas inflamatórias pelo Cytometric Bead Array, utilizando kits comercialmente disponíveis. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes com DII foi de 44,0±15,9 anos, 66,7% eram do sexo feminino, 57 pacientes eram portadores de DC e 60 pacientes eram portadores de colite ulcerativa. No momento da avaliação clínico-laboratorial, 56,7% dos pacientes com DC encontravam-se em remissão clínica e, dentre os pacientes com colite ulcerativa, 59,2% deles assim se encontravam. Não foram observadas diferenças nos níveis séricos de zonulina entre pacientes com DII e grupo controle (95,28 ng/mL vs 96,61 ng/mL; P=0,573), assim como entre pacientes com DC e pacientes com colite ulcerativa (79,68 ng/mL vs 106,10 ng/mL, P=0,887). Dentre os pacientes com DII, as concentrações de zonulina foram mais elevadas no sexo feminino e correlacionaram-se positivamente com o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e com a idade, correlacionando-se negativamente com os níveis de hemoglobina e hematócrito. Nos pacientes com colite ulcerativa, as concentrações de zonulina correlacionaram-se negativamente com os parâmetros hemoglobina, hematócrito e albumina e, positivamente, com o IMC e com o SCCAI. Dentre os pacientes com DC, a zonulina sérica correlacionou-se positivamente com a idade e com o IMC, mas não com o IHB. Não foram observadas correlações entre os níveis de zonulina e as citocinas circulantes nos pacientes com DII. Conclusão: Nesta coorte constituída majoritariamente por pacientes em remissão clínica, os níveis séricos de zonulina não se mostraram aumentados em pacientes com DII em relação a indivíduos controles e correlacionaram-se com variáveis não relacionadas à doença de base, como com o sexo, com a idade e com o IMC. No entanto, os níveis séricos de zonulina correlacionaram-se com parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais de gravidade e atividade da doença dentre os pacientes com colite ulcerativa, mas não dentre os pacientes com DC. Estes achados indicam um potencial papel da zonulina sérica como um biomarcador na DII, principalmente na colite ulcerativa.
AbstractList ABSTRACT Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises the spectrum between Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), a condition whose prevalence in countries such as Brazil has increased significantly in recent years. Changes in the intestinal epithelial barrier function and, consequently, an increase in intestinal permeability, have been suggested as important factors in the pathogenesis of different autoimmune conditions, including IBD. Therefore, there is a need for a practical tool to assess gut barrier integrity in these patients. Objective: To study factors associated with serum zonulin levels, a marker of intestinal permeability, in patients with IBD. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study that included 117 patients with IBD and 32 healthy controls. Disease activity was assessed by the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) in UC and by the Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) in CD subjects. Zonulin levels were measured by ELISA and inflammatory cytokines by Cytometric Bead Array, using commercially available kits. Results: The mean age of IBD patients was 44.0±15.9 years, 66.7% were female, 57 subjects were diagnosed with CD and 60 with UC. At evaluation, clinical remission was observed in 56.7% of CD patients and in 59.2% of UC subjects. No differences were observed in zonulin levels when comparing IBD patients with the control group (95.28 ng/mL vs 96.61 ng/mL, P=0.573) and when comparing patients with CD to those with UC (79.68 ng/mL vs 106.10 ng/mL, P=0.887). Among IBD group, zonulin concentrations were higher among females, correlated positively with body mass index (BMI) and age; and negatively with hemoglobin and hematocrit. In patients with UC, zonulin correlated negatively with hemoglobin, hematocrit, and albumin; and positively with BMI and SCCAI. Among CD patients, zonulin was positively correlated with age and BMI, but not with HBI. No correlations were observed between zonulin and circulating cytokines in IBD patients. Conclusion: In this cohort mostly comprised of patients in clinical remission, serum zonulin levels were not higher in patients with IBD than healthy controls, and correlated with variables not linked to baseline disease, such as sex, age and BMI. However, zonulin correlated with clinical and laboratory parameters of disease severity and activity among subjects with UC, but not among patients with CD. These findings indicate a potential role for zonulin as a biomarker in IBD, particularly in UC. RESUMO Contexto: A doença inflamatória intestinal (DII) compreende o espectro entre a doença de Crohn (DC) e a colite ulcerativa, condição esta cuja prevalência em países como o Brasil vem aumentando significativamente nos últimos anos. Alterações na função da barreira epitelial intestinal e, consequentemente, um aumento da permeabilidade intestinal, têm sido sugeridos como fatores importantes envolvidos na patogênese de diferentes condições autoimunes, dentre elas, a DII. Desta forma, existe a necessidade de uma ferramenta prática para avaliar a integridade da barreira epitelial intestinal nestes pacientes. Objetivo: Estudar os fatores associados com os níveis séricos de zonulina, um marcador da permeabilidade intestinal, em pacientes com DII. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal que incluiu 117 pacientes com DII e 32 indivíduos que compuseram o grupo controle. A atividade da doença foi avaliada pelo Simple Cliniical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) na colite ulcerativa e pelo índice de Harvey-Bradshaw (IHB) em pacientes com DC. Os níveis de zonulina foram quantificados por ELISA e os níveis das citocinas inflamatórias pelo Cytometric Bead Array, utilizando kits comercialmente disponíveis. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes com DII foi de 44,0±15,9 anos, 66,7% eram do sexo feminino, 57 pacientes eram portadores de DC e 60 pacientes eram portadores de colite ulcerativa. No momento da avaliação clínico-laboratorial, 56,7% dos pacientes com DC encontravam-se em remissão clínica e, dentre os pacientes com colite ulcerativa, 59,2% deles assim se encontravam. Não foram observadas diferenças nos níveis séricos de zonulina entre pacientes com DII e grupo controle (95,28 ng/mL vs 96,61 ng/mL; P=0,573), assim como entre pacientes com DC e pacientes com colite ulcerativa (79,68 ng/mL vs 106,10 ng/mL, P=0,887). Dentre os pacientes com DII, as concentrações de zonulina foram mais elevadas no sexo feminino e correlacionaram-se positivamente com o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e com a idade, correlacionando-se negativamente com os níveis de hemoglobina e hematócrito. Nos pacientes com colite ulcerativa, as concentrações de zonulina correlacionaram-se negativamente com os parâmetros hemoglobina, hematócrito e albumina e, positivamente, com o IMC e com o SCCAI. Dentre os pacientes com DC, a zonulina sérica correlacionou-se positivamente com a idade e com o IMC, mas não com o IHB. Não foram observadas correlações entre os níveis de zonulina e as citocinas circulantes nos pacientes com DII. Conclusão: Nesta coorte constituída majoritariamente por pacientes em remissão clínica, os níveis séricos de zonulina não se mostraram aumentados em pacientes com DII em relação a indivíduos controles e correlacionaram-se com variáveis não relacionadas à doença de base, como com o sexo, com a idade e com o IMC. No entanto, os níveis séricos de zonulina correlacionaram-se com parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais de gravidade e atividade da doença dentre os pacientes com colite ulcerativa, mas não dentre os pacientes com DC. Estes achados indicam um potencial papel da zonulina sérica como um biomarcador na DII, principalmente na colite ulcerativa.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises the spectrum between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), a condition whose prevalence in countries such as Brazil has increased significantly in recent years. Changes in the intestinal epithelial barrier function and, consequently, an increase in intestinal permeability, have been suggested as important factors in the pathogenesis of different autoimmune conditions, including IBD. Therefore, there is a need for a practical tool to assess gut barrier integrity in these patients.BACKGROUNDInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises the spectrum between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), a condition whose prevalence in countries such as Brazil has increased significantly in recent years. Changes in the intestinal epithelial barrier function and, consequently, an increase in intestinal permeability, have been suggested as important factors in the pathogenesis of different autoimmune conditions, including IBD. Therefore, there is a need for a practical tool to assess gut barrier integrity in these patients.To study factors associated with serum zonulin levels, a marker of intestinal permeability, in patients with IBD.OBJECTIVETo study factors associated with serum zonulin levels, a marker of intestinal permeability, in patients with IBD.This was a cross-sectional observational study that included 117 patients with IBD and 32 healthy controls. Disease activity was assessed by the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) in UC and by the Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) in CD subjects. Zonulin levels were measured by ELISA and inflammatory cytokines by Cytometric Bead Array, using commercially available kits.METHODSThis was a cross-sectional observational study that included 117 patients with IBD and 32 healthy controls. Disease activity was assessed by the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) in UC and by the Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) in CD subjects. Zonulin levels were measured by ELISA and inflammatory cytokines by Cytometric Bead Array, using commercially available kits.The mean age of IBD patients was 44.0±15.9 years, 66.7% were female, 57 subjects were diagnosed with CD and 60 with UC. At evaluation, clinical remission was observed in 56.7% of CD patients and in 59.2% of UC subjects. No differences were observed in zonulin levels when comparing IBD patients with the control group (95.28 ng/mL vs 96.61 ng/mL, P=0.573) and when comparing patients with CD to those with UC (79.68 ng/mL vs 106.10 ng/mL, P=0.887). Among IBD group, zonulin concentrations were higher among females, correlated positively with body mass index (BMI) and age; and negatively with hemoglobin and hematocrit. In patients with UC, zonulin correlated negatively with hemoglobin, hematocrit, and albumin; and positively with BMI and SCCAI. Among CD patients, zonulin was positively correlated with age and BMI, but not with HBI. No correlations were observed between zonulin and circulating cytokines in IBD patients.RESULTSThe mean age of IBD patients was 44.0±15.9 years, 66.7% were female, 57 subjects were diagnosed with CD and 60 with UC. At evaluation, clinical remission was observed in 56.7% of CD patients and in 59.2% of UC subjects. No differences were observed in zonulin levels when comparing IBD patients with the control group (95.28 ng/mL vs 96.61 ng/mL, P=0.573) and when comparing patients with CD to those with UC (79.68 ng/mL vs 106.10 ng/mL, P=0.887). Among IBD group, zonulin concentrations were higher among females, correlated positively with body mass index (BMI) and age; and negatively with hemoglobin and hematocrit. In patients with UC, zonulin correlated negatively with hemoglobin, hematocrit, and albumin; and positively with BMI and SCCAI. Among CD patients, zonulin was positively correlated with age and BMI, but not with HBI. No correlations were observed between zonulin and circulating cytokines in IBD patients.In this cohort mostly comprised of patients in clinical remission, serum zonulin levels were not higher in patients with IBD than healthy controls, and correlated with variables not linked to baseline disease, such as sex, age and BMI. However, zonulin correlated with clinical and laboratory parameters of disease severity and activity among subjects with UC, but not among patients with CD. These findings indicate a potential role for zonulin as a biomarker in IBD, particularly in UC.CONCLUSIONIn this cohort mostly comprised of patients in clinical remission, serum zonulin levels were not higher in patients with IBD than healthy controls, and correlated with variables not linked to baseline disease, such as sex, age and BMI. However, zonulin correlated with clinical and laboratory parameters of disease severity and activity among subjects with UC, but not among patients with CD. These findings indicate a potential role for zonulin as a biomarker in IBD, particularly in UC.
ABSTRACT Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises the spectrum between Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), a condition whose prevalence in countries such as Brazil has increased significantly in recent years. Changes in the intestinal epithelial barrier function and, consequently, an increase in intestinal permeability, have been suggested as important factors in the pathogenesis of different autoimmune conditions, including IBD. Therefore, there is a need for a practical tool to assess gut barrier integrity in these patients. Objective: To study factors associated with serum zonulin levels, a marker of intestinal permeability, in patients with IBD. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study that included 117 patients with IBD and 32 healthy controls. Disease activity was assessed by the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) in UC and by the Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) in CD subjects. Zonulin levels were measured by ELISA and inflammatory cytokines by Cytometric Bead Array, using commercially available kits. Results: The mean age of IBD patients was 44.0±15.9 years, 66.7% were female, 57 subjects were diagnosed with CD and 60 with UC. At evaluation, clinical remission was observed in 56.7% of CD patients and in 59.2% of UC subjects. No differences were observed in zonulin levels when comparing IBD patients with the control group (95.28 ng/mL vs 96.61 ng/mL, P=0.573) and when comparing patients with CD to those with UC (79.68 ng/mL vs 106.10 ng/mL, P=0.887). Among IBD group, zonulin concentrations were higher among females, correlated positively with body mass index (BMI) and age; and negatively with hemoglobin and hematocrit. In patients with UC, zonulin correlated negatively with hemoglobin, hematocrit, and albumin; and positively with BMI and SCCAI. Among CD patients, zonulin was positively correlated with age and BMI, but not with HBI. No correlations were observed between zonulin and circulating cytokines in IBD patients. Conclusion: In this cohort mostly comprised of patients in clinical remission, serum zonulin levels were not higher in patients with IBD than healthy controls, and correlated with variables not linked to baseline disease, such as sex, age and BMI. However, zonulin correlated with clinical and laboratory parameters of disease severity and activity among subjects with UC, but not among patients with CD. These findings indicate a potential role for zonulin as a biomarker in IBD, particularly in UC.
Author MATIOLLO, Camila
FELISBERTO, Mariano
LACOMBE, Luiz Augusto Cardoso
ROSA, Julia Salvan da
SCHIAVON, Leonardo de Lucca
DALMARCO, Eduardo Monguilhott
AuthorAffiliation Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
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  givenname: Leonardo de Lucca
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4340-6820
  surname: SCHIAVON
  fullname: SCHIAVON, Leonardo de Lucca
  organization: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil
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Issue 2
Keywords Inflammatory bowel disease
intestinal permeability
zonulin
citocinas inflamatórias
atividade da doença
permeabilidade intestinal
Doença inflamatória intestinal
zonulina
disease activity
inflammatory cytokines
Language English
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Snippet ABSTRACT Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises the spectrum between Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), a condition whose...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises the spectrum between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), a condition whose prevalence in countries...
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SubjectTerms GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
Title FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CIRCULATING ZONULIN IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
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