Fuel desulfurization using ionic liquids –An updated review

•Fuel desulfurization and modern technologies involved have been analyzed.•The applications of ILs and IL-based composites are summarized.•The mechanisms of IL-based composites have been revealed in this review.•The challenges, opportunities, and future applications IL-based composites with potentia...

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Published inJournal of ionic liquids Vol. 5; no. 2; p. 100162
Main Authors Haruna, Abdurrashid, Merican, Zulkifli Merican Aljunid, Juma, Ali Khatib, Aliero, Abdulrahman Sani, Ekeoma, Bernard Chukwuemeka, Abdullahi, Mustapha, Imam, Madina, Abdulsalam, Safiya, Hamza, Sa’adatu Auwal
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 01.12.2025
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2772-4220
2772-4220
DOI10.1016/j.jil.2025.100162

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Abstract •Fuel desulfurization and modern technologies involved have been analyzed.•The applications of ILs and IL-based composites are summarized.•The mechanisms of IL-based composites have been revealed in this review.•The challenges, opportunities, and future applications IL-based composites with potential for commercialization have been highlighted. Environmental and human safety has become an important subject of research interest in petroleum chemistry and environmental catalysis. The presence of sulfur-containing compounds in fuel oil is an overwhelming problem in the petrochemical industries due to regulations for environmental protection. The emitted toxic gases from the combustion of fossil fuels result in air contamination that can damage the human respiratory system, cause acid rain, and negatively affect refinery equipment. Therefore, fuel desulfurization becomes necessary to remove sulfur and its derivatives from fuel oil. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have been identified as good candidates for many industrial applications. They are widely known for their potential as designer solvents due to fascinating properties such as low volatility, high tunability, and high thermal stability. However, their general environmental impact varies significantly depending on their specific chemical compositions with some ILs exhibiting toxicity or poor biodegradability. The present study comprehensively reviews the recent achievements and applications of ILs in fuel oil desulfurization, addressing the mechanisms of the conversion process. The practicality and reusability of ILs for fuel oil desulfurization have been reported, and finally, the conclusion and future research prospects in this exciting area have been suggested. This review is anticipated to provide insights into fuel refinement and purification technologies through the sustainable application of ILs for clean fuel generation.
AbstractList •Fuel desulfurization and modern technologies involved have been analyzed.•The applications of ILs and IL-based composites are summarized.•The mechanisms of IL-based composites have been revealed in this review.•The challenges, opportunities, and future applications IL-based composites with potential for commercialization have been highlighted. Environmental and human safety has become an important subject of research interest in petroleum chemistry and environmental catalysis. The presence of sulfur-containing compounds in fuel oil is an overwhelming problem in the petrochemical industries due to regulations for environmental protection. The emitted toxic gases from the combustion of fossil fuels result in air contamination that can damage the human respiratory system, cause acid rain, and negatively affect refinery equipment. Therefore, fuel desulfurization becomes necessary to remove sulfur and its derivatives from fuel oil. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have been identified as good candidates for many industrial applications. They are widely known for their potential as designer solvents due to fascinating properties such as low volatility, high tunability, and high thermal stability. However, their general environmental impact varies significantly depending on their specific chemical compositions with some ILs exhibiting toxicity or poor biodegradability. The present study comprehensively reviews the recent achievements and applications of ILs in fuel oil desulfurization, addressing the mechanisms of the conversion process. The practicality and reusability of ILs for fuel oil desulfurization have been reported, and finally, the conclusion and future research prospects in this exciting area have been suggested. This review is anticipated to provide insights into fuel refinement and purification technologies through the sustainable application of ILs for clean fuel generation.
ArticleNumber 100162
Author Juma, Ali Khatib
Aliero, Abdulrahman Sani
Ekeoma, Bernard Chukwuemeka
Hamza, Sa’adatu Auwal
Imam, Madina
Haruna, Abdurrashid
Abdulsalam, Safiya
Merican, Zulkifli Merican Aljunid
Abdullahi, Mustapha
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Abdurrashid
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0410-1015
  surname: Haruna
  fullname: Haruna, Abdurrashid
  email: abdurrashidharuna@abu.edu.ng
  organization: Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Zulkifli Merican Aljunid
  surname: Merican
  fullname: Merican, Zulkifli Merican Aljunid
  email: zulkifli.aljunid@utp.edu.my
  organization: Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Ali Khatib
  surname: Juma
  fullname: Juma, Ali Khatib
  organization: Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Abdulrahman Sani
  surname: Aliero
  fullname: Aliero, Abdulrahman Sani
  organization: Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Bernard Chukwuemeka
  surname: Ekeoma
  fullname: Ekeoma, Bernard Chukwuemeka
  organization: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, United States
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Mustapha
  surname: Abdullahi
  fullname: Abdullahi, Mustapha
  organization: Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Kaduna State University, Tafawa-Balewa Way, Kaduna State, Nigeria
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Madina
  surname: Imam
  fullname: Imam, Madina
  organization: Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Safiya
  surname: Abdulsalam
  fullname: Abdulsalam, Safiya
  organization: Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Sa’adatu Auwal
  surname: Hamza
  fullname: Hamza, Sa’adatu Auwal
  organization: Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Snippet •Fuel desulfurization and modern technologies involved have been analyzed.•The applications of ILs and IL-based composites are summarized.•The mechanisms of...
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elsevier
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StartPage 100162
SubjectTerms Clean-fuel production
Fuel desulfurization
Organic sulfur
Petroleum chemistry
Title Fuel desulfurization using ionic liquids –An updated review
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jil.2025.100162
Volume 5
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