A MULTIDIMENSIONAL STUDY ON THE COGNITION OF SOCIAL SITUATIONS
The purposes of the present study are to explore the cognitive structure of social situations and to examine sex differences in them. One hundred and sixteen undergraduates (58 males and 58 females) served as subjects. The subjects were asked to classify thirty social situations into five to nine ca...
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| Published in | Jikken shakai shinrigaku kenkyū Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 17 - 25 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
The Japanese Group Dynamics Association
1985
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0387-7973 1348-6276 1348-6276 |
| DOI | 10.2130/jjesp.25.17 |
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| Abstract | The purposes of the present study are to explore the cognitive structure of social situations and to examine sex differences in them. One hundred and sixteen undergraduates (58 males and 58 females) served as subjects. The subjects were asked to classify thirty social situations into five to nine categories according to their similarities. Then, they were asked to rate social situations on twelve situation rating scales. Major findings obtained are as follows: 1. The dimensions, which were extracted from rating situations, were (1) intimacy, (2) task-orientation, and (3) anxiety. 2. Sex differences in the relative salience of the dimensions in ratings, as presented by the INDSCAL weights, were found. Specifically, males gave greater weight to dimension (2), while females gave greater weight to dimension (3). 3. A fairly high degree of correspondence was found among the cognitive structures obtained by ratings and similarity judgments. |
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| AbstractList | The purposes of the present study are to explore the cognitive structure of social situations and to examine sex differences in them. One hundred and sixteen undergraduates (58 males and 58 females) served as subjects. The subjects were asked to classify thirty social situations into five to nine categories according to their similarities. Then, they were asked to rate social situations on twelve situation rating scales. Major findings obtained are as follows: 1. The dimensions, which were extracted from rating situations, were (1) intimacy, (2) task-orientation, and (3) anxiety. 2. Sex differences in the relative salience of the dimensions in ratings, as presented by the INDSCAL weights, were found. Specifically, males gave greater weight to dimension (2), while females gave greater weight to dimension (3). 3. A fairly high degree of correspondence was found among the cognitive structures obtained by ratings and similarity judgments. |
| Author | HIROOKA, SHUICHI |
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| References | 林文俊 1979 対人認知構造における個人差の測定 (4) -INDSCALモデルによる多次元解析的アプローチ-心理学研究, 50, 211-218. Templer, D.I., Ruff, C.F. & Franks, C.M. 1971 Death anxiety: Age, sex, and parental resemblance in diverse populations. Developmental Psychology, 4, 108. Rosenberg, S., Nelson, C. & Vivekananthan, P. S. 1968 A multidimensional approach to the structure of personality impressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 283-294. Forgas, J.P.1978 Social episodes and social structure in a academic setting: The social environment of an intact group. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14, 434-448. Pervin, L.A. 1978 Definitions, measurements, and classifications of stimuli, situations, and environments. Human Ecology, 6, 71-105. Bowers, K.S. 1973 Situationism in psychology: An analysis and a critique. Psychological Review, 80, 307-336. Magnusson, D. 1981 Wanted: A psychology of situations. In D. Magnusson (Ed.) Toward a psychology of situations: An interactional perspective. Lawrence Erlbaum. Miller, J.E., Shepard, R.N. & Chang, J.J. 1964 An Analytic approach to the intepretation of multidimensional scaling solutions. American Psychologist, 19, 579-580. Forgas, J.P.1976 The percepion of social episodes: Categorical and dimensional representations in two different social millieus. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 199-209. Forgas, J.P.1983 Episode cognition and personality: A multidimensional analysis. Journal of Personality, 51, 34-48. Kiesler, C.A. & Goldberg, G.N. 1968 Multidimensinal approach to the experimental study of interpersonal attraction: Effect of a blunder on the attractiveness of a competent other. Psychological Report, 22, 693-705. Kruskal, J.B. 1964 Nonmetric multidimensional scaling: A numerical method. Psychometrika, 29, 115-129. Price, R.H. & Bouffard, D.L. 1974 Behavioral appropriateness and situational constraint as dimensions of social behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30, 579-586. Mendelsohn, G.A. & Griswold, B.B. 1967 Anxiety and repression as predictors of the use of incidental cues in problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 6, 353-359. 林文俊 1978 対人認知構造の基本次元についての一考察 名古屋大学教育学部紀要 (教育心理学科), 25, 41-56. Lewin, K. 1935 A dynamic theory of personality. New York: McGraw-Hill. Mischel, W. 1968 Personality and assessment. New York: Wiley. Zuroff, D.C. 1982 Person, situation, and personby-situation interaction components in person perception. Journal of Personality, 50, 1-14. 大坊郁夫・岩倉加枝 1984 自己開示におけるパーソナリティと状況要因の役割 山形大学紀要 (教育科学), 8, 101-127. Chaikin, A.L. & Cooper, J. 1973 Evaluation as a function of correspondence and hednic relevance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 9, 257-264. Kruskal, J.B. & Wish, M. 1978 Multidimensional scaling. Beverly Hills: Sage. Argyle, M., Furnham, A. & Graham, J.A. 1981 Social situations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Carroll, J.D. & Chang, J.J. 1970 Analysis of individual differences in multidimensional scaling via an N-way generalization of “Eckart-Young” decomposition. Psychometrika, 35, 283-319. |
| References_xml | – reference: 大坊郁夫・岩倉加枝 1984 自己開示におけるパーソナリティと状況要因の役割 山形大学紀要 (教育科学), 8, 101-127. – reference: Lewin, K. 1935 A dynamic theory of personality. New York: McGraw-Hill. – reference: Miller, J.E., Shepard, R.N. & Chang, J.J. 1964 An Analytic approach to the intepretation of multidimensional scaling solutions. American Psychologist, 19, 579-580. – reference: Carroll, J.D. & Chang, J.J. 1970 Analysis of individual differences in multidimensional scaling via an N-way generalization of “Eckart-Young” decomposition. Psychometrika, 35, 283-319. – reference: Mendelsohn, G.A. & Griswold, B.B. 1967 Anxiety and repression as predictors of the use of incidental cues in problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 6, 353-359. – reference: 林文俊 1978 対人認知構造の基本次元についての一考察 名古屋大学教育学部紀要 (教育心理学科), 25, 41-56. – reference: Price, R.H. & Bouffard, D.L. 1974 Behavioral appropriateness and situational constraint as dimensions of social behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30, 579-586. – reference: Templer, D.I., Ruff, C.F. & Franks, C.M. 1971 Death anxiety: Age, sex, and parental resemblance in diverse populations. Developmental Psychology, 4, 108. – reference: Zuroff, D.C. 1982 Person, situation, and personby-situation interaction components in person perception. Journal of Personality, 50, 1-14. – reference: Bowers, K.S. 1973 Situationism in psychology: An analysis and a critique. Psychological Review, 80, 307-336. – reference: Argyle, M., Furnham, A. & Graham, J.A. 1981 Social situations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. – reference: Forgas, J.P.1976 The percepion of social episodes: Categorical and dimensional representations in two different social millieus. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 199-209. – reference: Kiesler, C.A. & Goldberg, G.N. 1968 Multidimensinal approach to the experimental study of interpersonal attraction: Effect of a blunder on the attractiveness of a competent other. Psychological Report, 22, 693-705. – reference: Kruskal, J.B. & Wish, M. 1978 Multidimensional scaling. Beverly Hills: Sage. – reference: Pervin, L.A. 1978 Definitions, measurements, and classifications of stimuli, situations, and environments. Human Ecology, 6, 71-105. – reference: Rosenberg, S., Nelson, C. & Vivekananthan, P. S. 1968 A multidimensional approach to the structure of personality impressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 283-294. – reference: Forgas, J.P.1978 Social episodes and social structure in a academic setting: The social environment of an intact group. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14, 434-448. – reference: Magnusson, D. 1981 Wanted: A psychology of situations. In D. Magnusson (Ed.) Toward a psychology of situations: An interactional perspective. Lawrence Erlbaum. – reference: 林文俊 1979 対人認知構造における個人差の測定 (4) -INDSCALモデルによる多次元解析的アプローチ-心理学研究, 50, 211-218. – reference: Forgas, J.P.1983 Episode cognition and personality: A multidimensional analysis. Journal of Personality, 51, 34-48. – reference: Mischel, W. 1968 Personality and assessment. New York: Wiley. – reference: Chaikin, A.L. & Cooper, J. 1973 Evaluation as a function of correspondence and hednic relevance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 9, 257-264. – reference: Kruskal, J.B. 1964 Nonmetric multidimensional scaling: A numerical method. Psychometrika, 29, 115-129. |
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| Title | A MULTIDIMENSIONAL STUDY ON THE COGNITION OF SOCIAL SITUATIONS |
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