A high-carbohydrate diet enhances the adverse effect of the S2 allele of APOC3 SstI polymorphism on the TG/HDL-C ratio only in young Chinese females

• Published in: Brazilian journal of medical and biological research Vol. 44; no. 6; pp. 524 - 530
• Main Authors: Song, Yong Yan, Gong, Ren Rong, Zhang, Zhen, Li, Yuan Hao, Xiao, Li Ying, Zhou, Xue Dong, Fang, Ding Zhi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Brazil Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica 01.06.2011
• Subjects: Alleles; Apolipoprotein A-I - blood; Apolipoprotein A-I - genetics; Apolipoprotein B-100 - blood; Apolipoprotein B-100 - genetics; Apolipoprotein C-III - blood; Apolipoprotein C-III - genetics; Asian Continental Ancestry Group; Cholesterol - blood; Cholesterol - genetics; Cholesterol, HDL - blood; Cholesterol, HDL - genetics; Cholesterol, LDL - blood; Cholesterol, LDL - genetics; Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage; Dietary Carbohydrates - adverse effects; Female; Gene polymorphism; Genotype; Genotyping Techniques; Heterozygote; High-carbohydrate diet; Human APOC3; Humans; Lipid ratio; Male; Polymorphism, Genetic; Sex Factors; Triglycerides - blood; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1414-431X; 0100-879X; 1414-431X
• DOI: 10.1590/S0100-879X2011000600005

Both genetic background and diet have profound effects on plasma lipid profiles. We hypothesized that a high-carbohydrate (high-CHO) diet may affect the ratios of serum lipids and apolipoproteins (apo) differently in subjects with different genotypes of the SstI polymorphism in the apoCIII gene (APOC3). Fifty-six healthy university students (27 males and 29 females, 22.89 ± 1.80 years) were given a washout diet of 54% carbohydrate for 7 days, followed by a high-CHO diet of 70% carbohydrate for 6 days without total energy restriction. Serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apoB100, apoAI, and the APOC3 SstI polymorphism were analyzed. The ratios of serum lipids and apoB100/apoAI were calculated. At baseline, the TG/HDL-C ratio was significantly higher in females, but not in males, with the S2 allele. The differences in the TG/HDL-C ratio between genotypes remained the same after the washout and the high-CHO diet in females. When compared with those before the high-CHO diet, the TC/HDL-C (male S2 carriers: 3.13 ± 1.00 vs 2.36 ± 0.65, P = 0.000; male subjects with the S1S1 genotype: 2.97 ± 0.74 vs 2.09 ± 0.55, P = 0.000; female S2 carriers: 2.68 ± 0.36 vs 2.24 ± 0.37, P = 0.004; female subjects with the S1S1 genotype: 2.69 ± 0.41 vs 2.09 ± 0.31, P = 0.000) and LDL-C/HDL-C (male S2 carriers: 1.44 ± 0.71 vs 1.06 ± 0.26, P = 0.012; male subjects with the S1S1 genotype: 1.35 ± 0.61 vs 1.01 ± 0.29, P = 0.005; female S2 carriers: 1.18 ± 0.33 vs 1.00 ± 0.18, P = 0.049; female subjects with the S1S1 genotype: 1.18 ± 0.35 vs 1.04 ± 0.19, P = 0.026) ratios were significantly decreased after the high-CHO diet regardless of gender and of genotype of the APOC3 SstI polymorphism. However, in female S2 carriers, the TG/HDL-C (1.38 ± 0.46 vs 1.63 ± 0.70, P = 0.039) ratio was significantly increased after the high-CHO diet. In conclusion, the high-CHO diet has favorable effects on the TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios regardless of gender and of genotype of the APOC3 SstI polymorphism. Somehow, it enhanced the adverse effect of the S2 allele on the TG/HDL-C ratio only in females.